Cadmium translocation combined with metabolomics analysis revealed potential mechanisms of MT@MSN-CS and GSH@MSN-CS in reducing cadmium accumulation in rice (Oryza sativa L.) grains.

Applying nano-delivery systems for phytohormones via foliar application has proven effective in reducing grain cadmium (Cd) levels in crops. However, the mechanisms underlying this reduction remain inadequately understood. This study integrated the determination of leaf photosynthetic parameters, Cd translocation analysis, and metabolomics to elucidate the effects of reduced glutathione (GSH) and melatonin (MT), delivered with or without chitosan-encapsulated mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN-CS), on grain Cd levels in rice.

Reassessing type 2 diabetes in adolescents and its management strategies based on insulin resistance.

With changes in lifestyle behaviors, including dietary structure and habits, the prevalence of Youth-onset Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (YODM) has increased 2 to 3 times compared to 30 years ago. YODM patients experience complications earlier, progress faster, and exhibit more severe symptoms. However, limited and inconclusive direct evidence, coupled with poor patient compliance, poses challenges in the clinical management of YODM.

Insights into growth stages and genotypes in airborne Pb accumulation in Oryza sativa L. grains: Utilizing isotope fingerprinting alongside a model study.

Atmospheric exposure is an important pathway of accumulation of lead (Pb) in Oryza sativa L. grains. In this study, source contributions of soil, early atmospheric exposure, and late atmospheric exposure, along with their bioaccumulation ratios were examined both in the pot and field experiments using stable Pb isotope fingerprinting technology combined with a three-compartment accumulation model.

Population genomics reveals moderate genetic differentiation between populations of endangered Forest Musk Deer located in Shaanxi and Sichuan.

Background: Many endangered species exist in small, genetically depauperate, or inbred populations, hence promoting genetic differentiation and reducing long-term population viability. Forest Musk Deer (Moschus berezovskii) has been subject to illegal hunting for hundreds of years due to the medical and commercial values of musk, resulting in a significant decline in population size. However, it is still unclear to what extent the genetic exchange and inbreeding levels are between geographically isolated populations.

Airborne lead: A vital factor influencing rice lead accumulation in China.

Traditionally, lead (Pb) in rice grains has been thought to be mostly derived from soil, and the contribution of aerosol Pb remains so far unknown. Based on a meta-analysis, we surprisingly found rice Pb content decreased proportionally with urban atmospheric Pb concentrations in major rice-growing provinces in China during 2001-2015, suggestive of the strong influence of long-range Pb transport on agricultural environment. With the combination of field survey, field experiment, as well as a predictive model, we confirmed high contribution of atmospheric exposure to rice grain Pb in China.

Effects of Different Sling Settings on Electromyographic Activities of Selected Trunk Muscles: A Preliminary Research.

Introduction: The supine and prone sling exercise may facilitate activation of the local trunk muscles. Does the side-lying sling exercise activate trunk muscles more easily than the supine and prone training with sling settings? Clinical work has shown that the side-lying sling exercise could reduce pain in patients with unilateral low back pain (LBP), but the mechanism behind it is unclear. The fundamental purpose of this preliminary study was to examine the electromyography (EMG) characteristics of trunk muscles during different sling lumbar settings on sixteen healthy adults.

Study on the clinical significance of Argonaute2 expression in colonic carcinoma by tissue microarray.

Background: To study the expression levels and clinical significance of Argonaute2 (EIF2C2) on colonic carcinomas and normal tissues.

Methods: Colon tissue samples from 90 cases of colonic carcinomas and 90 normal subjects were accumulated and made into a tissue microarray containing 360 dots. Expression of Argonaute2 (EIF2C2) was detected by immunohistochemical staining of the tissue microarray.

Expression of PPARγ and PTEN in human colorectal cancer: An immunohistochemical study using tissue microarray methodology.

Although aberrations of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) expression have been identified in several other cancer types, certain previous studies have revealed that PPARγ is abundant in normal and malignant tissue in the colon. The question of whether aberrant PTEN is involved in the initial stage or is a later event during colorectal carcinogenesis remains controversial. Relatively few studies have focused on the correlation of expression of PPARγ and PTEN in various tissues.

Tissue microarrays in Chinese human rectal cancer: study of expressions of the tumor-associated genes.

Backgrounds/aims: The cellular basis for rectal cancer development is still unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the expression of p53, cyclinD1, bcl-2, ß-catenin, c-myc, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and nm23-H1 and the clinicopathological characteristics of rectal cancer.

Methodology: Expressions of p53, cyclinD1, bcl-2, ß-catenin, c-myc, COX-2 and nm23-H1 proteins were detected by immunohistochemical staining to two tissue microarrays containing tissues accumulated from 54 human rectal cancers and 40 para-cancer mucosa.

Initial study of microRNA expression profiles of colonic cancer without lymph node metastasis.

Objective: To investigate the difference of microRNA expression profiles between colonic cancer without lymph node metastasis and the para-cancerous control, to identify the specific microRNA associated with the cancer and to predict the carcinogenetic mechanism of microRNA on the basis of these results.

Methods: The microRNA (miRNA) were extracted and isolated from six specimens, including colonic cancerous and para-cancerous ones, all of which were confirmed to be without lymph node metastasis. Agilent microRNA microarrays consisting of 723 probes were used for screening the expression differences of microRNA.

MicroRNA expression profile in non-cancerous colonic tissue associated with lymph node metastasis of colon cancer.

Objective: To identify microRNA expression patterns associated with the lymph node metastasis of colon cancer.

Methods: MicroRNA were isolated from six frozen non-cancerous surrounding colonic tissues derived from stage II-III colon cancer patients with (n = 3) and without (n = 3) lymph node metastasis. We compared the microRNA expression profiles of the six non-cancerous colonic tissues from two colon cancer patient groups; those with confirmed lymph node metastasis, termed the lymph node positive group, and those without detectable lymph node metastasis, termed the lymph node negative group.

[Establishment of the pipeline for RNA quality assessment from the cells obtained by laser capture microdissection].

We developed a standard protocol for quality assessment of low amount RNA from the cells obtained by laser capture microdissection (LCM). Three gastric noncancerous tissues were cryo-sectioned, stained with Cresyl Violet, and pathologically rechecked. Epithelial cells were obtained by LCM and RNA was isolated.

Computed tomography perfusion in evaluating the therapeutic effect of transarterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma.

Aim: To prospectively assess the changes in parameters of computed tomography (CT) perfusion pre- and post-transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in different treatment response groups, and to correlate the changes with various responses of HCC to TACE.

Methods: Thirty-nine HCC patients underwent CT perfusion examinations pre-(1 d before TACE) and post-treatment (4 wk after TACE). The response evaluation criteria for solid tumors (RECIST) were referred to when treatment responses were distributed.

Expression of p53, p16 and cyclooxygenase-2 in esophageal cancer with tissue microarray.

Objective: The aim of this study was to obtain a comprehensive survey on the expression of p53, p16 and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in esophageal cancer progression and their clinical significance.

Methods: A tissue microarray containing 86 specimens from esophageal cancer and 40 specimens from adjacent non-cancer tissue was constructed to survey the expression of p53, p16 and COX-2 by immunohistochemistry. The influence of each biomarker on the histotype of esophageal lesion was assessed by logistic regression analysis.

Survey of molecular profiling during human colon cancer development and progression by immunohistochemical staining on tissue microarray.

Aim: To explore the molecular events taking place during human colon cancer development and progression through high-throughput tissue microarray analysis.

Methods: We constructed two separate tissue microarrays containing 1.0 mm or 1.

[Expression of tissue microarray p53, p16 and cyclooxygenase-2 in gastric cancer].

Objective: To constructed tissue microarray containing specimens from gastric cancer and adjacent non-cancer tissue to survey the expression of p53, p16 and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and to obtain a comprehensive survey on the expression of three proteins in gastric cancer progression and their clinical significance.

Methods: We constructed a tissue microarray containing 50 specimens from gastric cancer and 78 specimens from adjacent non-cancer tissue, and assayed three different proteins (p53, p16 and COX-2) by immunohistochemistry to consecutive formalin-fixed tissue microarray sections.

Results: In non-cancer tissue, p53, p16 and COX-2 positive staining were 19%, 15% and 74% respectively.

[Detection of expression of p53, p16, and cyclooxygenase 2 in pancreatic cancer by tissue microarray and correlation among these three genes].

Objective: To detect the expression of tumor suppressor protein p53, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p16, and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) in pancreatic cancer by tissue microarray and investigate the correlation among these three genes.

Methods: 104 specimens of tissues, including pancreatic cancer tissue, non-cancer tissues not more than 1.5 cm from the cancer, and normal tissues, underwent microarray examination and immunohistochemistry to detect the expression of p53, p16, and COX-2.

Expression of p53, p16 and COX-2 in pancreatic cancer with tissue microarray.

Background: Pancreatic cancer development and progression is driven by the accumulation of genetic changes. In this study we constructed tissue microarray containing specimens from pancreatic cancer, adjacent non-cancer tissue and normal tissue to survey the expression of p53, p16 and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2).

Methods: Tissue microarray containing 337 specimens from different stages of pancreatic cancer, adjacent non-cancer tissue and normal tissues was constructed, and the expression of p53, p16 and COX-2 was assayed by immunohistochemistry to consecutive formalin-fixed tissue microarray sections.