Modification of the Se/MoO Rear Interface for Efficient Wide-Band-Gap Trigonal Selenium Solar Cells.

Trigonal selenium (t-Se) is a promising wide-band-gap photovoltaic material with a high absorption coefficient, abundant resources, simple composition, nontoxicity, and a low melting point, making it suitable for absorbers in advanced indoor and tandem photovoltaic applications. However, severe electrical losses at the rear interface of the t-Se absorber, caused by work function and lattice mismatches, limit the voltage output and overall performance. In this study, a strategy to enhance carrier transport and collection by modifying interfacial chemical interactions is proposed.

Modulation of RuO Nanocrystals with Facile Annealing Method for Enhancing the Electrocatalytic Activity on Overall Water Splitting in Acid Solution.

RuO-based materials are considered an important kind of electrocatalysts on oxygen evolution reaction and water electrolysis, but the reported discrepancies of activities exist among RuO electrocatalysts prepared via different processes. Herein, a highly efficient RuO catalysts via a facile hydrolysis-annealing approach is reported for water electrolysis. The RuO catalyst dealt with at 200 °C (RuO-200) performs the highest activities on both oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in acid with overpotentials of 200 mV for OER and 66 mV for HER to reach a current density of 100 mA cm as well as stable operation for100 h.

Diagnostic Accuracy of Antigen-Based Skin Tests (TBSTs) for Tuberculosis Infection Compared with TST and IGRA: A Network Meta-Analysis.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the IGRA, TST, and TBST by combining diagnostic test accuracy (DTA) analysis and network meta-analysis (NMA) to increase the reliability and accuracy of diagnostic methods and promote the eradication of TB. An electronic search of the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases was conducted, from the date of establishment to September 30, 2024. Data were synthesized with frequentist random-effects network meta-analyses, a single-group rate meta-analysis algorithm, and a bivariate mixed-effects logistic regression model.

Genome-wide characterization of the WRKY gene family and the role of LsfWRKY29 in regulating somatic embryogenesis in hybrid sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua × L. formosana).

Hybrid sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua × L. formosana) is a globally significant forest tree resource, exhibiting significant economic, ornamental, ecological and medicinal values. Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is an effective reproductive strategy, having great application potential and economic value in large-scale propagation, artificial seed production, genetic transformation, germplasm preservation and biotechnology.

Spontaneous Cargo Transport via Sliding Bubbles on a Superhydrophobic Wire.

The transportation and carrying behavior of underwater bubbles have been widely used for an underwater microactuator, cargo displacement assembly, and drug delivery. This study explores a method for underwater cargo transportation using sliding bubbles as a vehicle with directionally guided superhydrophobic wires. By exploitation of the adhesion between superhydrophobic surfaces and bubble interfaces, a bubble is able to transport a superhydrophobic O-ring along a superhydrophobic wire, effectively delivering the O-ring to the water surface.

Risk Stratification and Adjuvant Chemotherapy for High-Risk Stage IA Lung Adenocarcinoma: The Unmet Needs.

Introduction: To identify high-risk patients for recurrence in resected stage IA lung adenocarcinoma and evaluate the impact of adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) on their prognosis, as well as explore potential novel adjuvant therapies.

Methods: Consecutive stage IA patients with ≥ 5% solid or micropapillary subtypes were analyzed. A nomogram was developed using Cox proportional hazards regression to predict recurrence-free survival (RFS).

Genetic diversity and phylogeography of the endemic species Prunus mira in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.

Studying the evolutionary history of plants in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau region provides a theoretical basis for the conservation and use of plant genetic resources. In this study, we analyzed five chloroplast gene fragments to examine the genetic diversity and phylogeography of Prunus mira in 577 individuals from 32 populations. The results indicated that P.

A Review of Methodologies for the Rapid Analysis and Quantification of Gases in Solid Media.

Gas sensors are essential measurement devices that have found extensive applications across various fields, including industry, agriculture, ecological and environmental monitoring, military operations, and biomedical research. Numerous sensing methods based on a diverse range of principles-including optics, electrochemistry, and semiconductors-have been used in the development and manufacture of gas sensing technologies. However, the measurement of certain gases remains challenging when using current sensing techniques and sensors; this is particularly true for the gases that are present in solid media.

A Flexible Sensing Material with High Force and Thermal Sensitivity Based on GaInSn in Capillary Embedded in PDMS.

Flexible sensing materials have become a hot topic due to their sensitive electrical response to external force or temperature and their promising applications in flexible wear and human-machine interaction. In this study, a PDMS/capillary GaInSn flexible sensing material with high force and thermal sensitivity was prepared utilizing liquid metal (LM, GaInSn), flexible silicone capillary, and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The resistance () of the flexible sensing materials under the action of different forces and temperatures was recorded in real-time.

Global prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi and Anaplasma phagocytophilum coinfection in wild and domesticated animals: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Both Borrelia burgdorferi (Bb) and Anaplasma phagocytophilum (Ap) can infect humans and animals through tick-borne transmission, resulting in zoonosis. Under certain conditions, human infection can lead to Lyme disease (LD) and human granulocytosis (HGA), whereas infection in animals can cause various acute and non-specific symptoms. The combination of Bb and Ap has been reported to increase the disease severity in infected animals.

Multiphase Chemistry in the Atmosphere.

Earth's atmosphere comprises a complex mix of gas and condensed phases, where condensed phases facilitate multiphase chemical reactions that would not occur in the gas phase alone. These reactions drive dynamic physical and chemical processes across various spatial and temporal scales, playing a crucial role in the cycling of atmospheric trace constituents. Multiphase chemistry significantly influences geochemical cycles, human health, and climate.

Polarized adding method of discrete ordinate approximation for ultraviolet-visible and near-infrared radiative transfer.

The polarization characteristics of atmospheric scattering are important for planetary studies and should not be ignored in radiative transfer simulations. In this study, what we believe to be a new vector radiative transfer model called the polarized adding method of discrete ordinate approximation (POLDDA) is proposed for use in remote sensing applications for ultraviolet-visible and near-infrared spectra. The single-layer radiative transfer process and inhomogeneous multi-layer connection are solved using the discrete ordinate method (DOM) and adding methods, respectively.

Corneal higher-order aberrations and their relationship with choroid in myopic patients.

Background: To investigate corneal higher-order aberrations (HOAs) and choroidal characteristics in myopic individuals and explore the association between HOAs and choroidal parameters.

Methods: Myopic participants were categorized into three groups based on axial lengths (ALs). We compared corneal HOAs, including spherical (Z), comatic (Z  and Z), and trefoil (Z  and Z) aberrations, as well as choroidal vascularity index (CVI) and choroidal thickness (CT).

Generation and epitope mapping of novel neutralizing monoclonal antibodies against glycoprotein E2 of CSFV.

Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) is a highly contagious and economically important pathogen threatening pig industry worldwide, the envelope glycoprotein E2 of CSFV is the dominant antigen inducing strong antiviral neutralizing immunity. In this study, 7 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with neutralizing potency were generated using E2 protein of CSFV Shimen strain (SM) expressed by eukaryotic cells. Their reactivity with 116 CSFV strains in cell cultures and E2 proteins of 10 subgenotypes in western blots showed different CSFV spectrums they recognized.

Paving the way ahead: protocol optimization of mouse models in crush syndrome related acute kidney injury research.

Backgrounds: Crush syndrome (CS) is the leading cause of death after earthquakes, second only to direct trauma. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is the most severe complication of CS. Research based on the CS-AKI mouse model and kidney function assessment by glomerular filtration rate (GFR) helps to elucidate the pathogenesis of CS-AKI, which contributes to effective treatment measures.

On-Chip Droplet Splitting with High Volume Ratios Using a 3D Conical Microstructure-Based Microfluidic Device.

This work reports a simple microfluidic method for splitting a mother droplet into two daughter droplets with high and precise volume ratios. To achieve this, a droplet-splitting microfluidic device embedded with a three-dimensional (3D) conical microstructure is fabricated, in which the high splitting ratios of monodisperse mother droplets are achieved. The volume ratio of the split daughter droplets can reach up to 265.

Cellular and Molecular Network Characteristics of -Related Genes in Infections.

Tuberculosis (TB) is a global infectious threat, and the emergence of multidrug-resistant TB has become a major challenge in eradicating the disease that requires the discovery of new treatment strategies. This study aimed to elucidate the immune infiltration and molecular regulatory network of T cell-interacting activating receptors on myeloid cell 1 ()-related genes based on a bioinformatics analysis. The GSE114911 dataset was obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and screened to identify 17 -related differentially expressed genes (TRDEGs).

CD4 Effective Memory T Cell Markers GBP2 and LAG3 Are Risk Factors for PTB and COVID-19 Infection: A Study Integrating Single-Cell Expression Quantitative Trait Locus and Mendelian Randomization Analyses.

Observational studies indicate that variations in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) subsets are associated with an increased risk of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but causal validation is lacking. Here, we combined single-cell expression quantitative trait locus (sc-eQTL) and two-sample mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to elucidate the causal relationship between PBMC subsets and the occurrence of PTB and COVID-19 and verified by RT-qPCR. We observed an increase in the CD4 Effective Memory T Cell (CD4 T) cluster in both PTB and COVID-19 patients according to the single-cell transcriptional landscape of PBMC.