Full particle-in-cell simulation of the formation and structure of a collisional plasma shock wave.

The formation and structure of a collisional shock wave in a fully ionized plasma is studied via full particle-in-cell simulations, which allows the complex momentum and energy transfer processes between different charged particles to be treated self-consistently. The kinetic energy of the plasma flow drifting towards a reflecting piston is found to be rapidly converted into thermal motion under the cooperative effects of ion-ion collisions, ion-electron collisions, and electric field charged-particle interactions. The subsequent shock evolution is influenced by the "precursor" ion beam before a quasisteady state is reached.

The effect of different starter cultures on biogenic amines and quality of fermented mutton sausages stored at 4 and 20°C temperatures.

The biogenic amines (BAs), water activity, pH, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), and nitrite were, respectively, tested in dry fermented sausage with starter cultures (37x-6 , x3-3b , 30x-11 , and 37x-8 . ), during storage of room temperature (20°C) and refrigeration storage (4°C). Tryptamine (TRM), 2-phenylethylamine (PHE), putrescine (PUT), cadaverine (CAD), histamine (HIM), and tyramine (TYM) contents of all samples were increased storage at 20°C, and the content of TRM, PUT, CAD, and HIM of all samples storage at 20°C was higher than that storage at 4°C after 42 days.

Honatisine, a novel diterpenoid alkaloid, and six known alkaloids from Delphinium honanense and their cytotoxic activity.

A novel diterpene alkaloid named honatisine (1) has been isolated from the whole plants of Delphinium honanense, along with six known alkaloids, siwanine E (2), isoatisine (3), atisine (4), delcorinine (5), uraphine (6), and nordhagenine A (7). Their structures were deduced on the basis of their spectral data. All of them were evaluated by a SRB assay for their cytotoxicity, and compound 1 showed a significant cytotoxic activity (IC(50) =3.

Selective determination of cysteine by resonance light scattering technique based on self-assembly of gold nanoparticles.

The interaction between cysteine and gold nanoparticles was studied. Through the covalent combination with the -SH group and the electrostatic binding with the -NH3+ group of cysteine, gold nanoparticles can self-assemble to form a network structure, which results in greatly enhanced resonance light scattering (RLS). The experimental results demonstrate that the RLS technique offers a sensitive tool for investigations of self-assembly of nanoparticles.