The Structural Profile of HPV 18 in Terms of Chromosomal and Nuclear Degenerative Changes and the Ratio of Nucleus/Cytoplasm on Liquid based Cervical Cells.

Background: HPV 18 is one of the important oncogenic types. HPV 18 is generally evaluated together with HPV 16 and/or high-risk HPV types in light microscopic studies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of only HPV 18 on the nucleus/cytoplasm ratio, and chromosomal and nuclear degenerative changes in liquid-based samples.

Do Histologically Aggressive Subtypes of Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma have Worse Clinical Outcome than Non-Aggressive Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma Subtypes? A Multicenter Cohort Study.

Histologically aggressive micropapillary thyroid carcinomas (PTMC) subtypes are thought to be associated with an aggressive clinical course. However, evidence for unfavorable clinical outcomes in patients with aggressive PTMC subtypes is not clear. In this study, we intended to determine the difference in clinical outcomes between patients with aggressive and non-aggressive PTMC subtypes.

Is Subdivision of Atypia of Undetermined Significance AUS/Follicular Lesion of Undetermined Significance Cases According to Detailed Nuclear Features Vital for Assessing the Risk of Malignancy?

Background: It has been known that the "atypia of undetermined significance (AUS)/follicular lesion of undetermined significance (FLUS)" category is the most problematic category in Bethesda system due to its highly heterogeneous morphological features. Recently, it has been reported that aspirates including nuclear atypia in the AUS/FLUS category have a higher risk of malignancy.

Aims: This study aimed to assess each nuclear property in aspirates with cytological atypia and also to determine the relationship with the risk of malignancy.

May the morphological findings in the first-trimester abortion materials be indicative of inherited thrombophilia?

Purpose: İnherited thrombophilia is associated with severe pregnancy complications including recurrent spontaneous abortion. In the light of this strong association, the impact of thrombophilic mutations on the placenta and their morphological reflections has aroused attention of both clinicians and pathologists. In the present study, we aimed to show the association between placental abnormalities with thrombophilia by examining the morphological findings in a wide range of first-trimester chorionic villi.

Effects of ozone preconditioning on recovery of rat colon anastomosis after preoperative radiotherapy.

Background: Anastomotic leakage is a devastating complication of colorectal surgery. Neoadjuvant radiotherapy for colorectal cancer can affect the mechanical and biochemical parameters of anastomotic healing. It has been reported that ozone increases antioxidant enzyme activity and stimulates adaptive processes to oppose the pathophysiologic conditions mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS).

T-cell/histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphoma of stomach.

T-cell/histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphoma is an unusually encountered lymphoid neoplasm of stomach with aggressive course, and is an uncommon morphologic variant of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. An ulcerated mass, 7x5x1 cm in size was observed within the gastrectomy specimen of a 76-year-old female patient. In cross sections, besides mature lymphoid cells displaying T-cell phenotype, a neoplastic formation composed of large, pleomorphic atypical lymphoid cells with, prominent nucleoli, vesicular nuclei and abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm displaying B-cell phenotype were observed.

Primary malignant melanoma.

Malignant melanomas (MM) of the oral cavity are extremely rare, accounting for 0.2% to 8.0% of all malignant melanomas.

Pycnogenol prevents peritoneal adhesions.

Purpose: This study tested the ability of pycnogenol, an extract from the bark of the French maritime pine (Pinus pinaster), to prevent intra-abdominal adhesions.

Methods: Thirty female Wistar albino rats were separated randomly into three equal groups: Group (1) the control group, which underwent surgery, but was given no drug; Group (2) given 10 mg/kg of pycnogenol dissolved in normal saline intraperitoneally for 10 days after surgery; and Group (3) given 0.1 mL of normal saline for 10 days intraperitoneally after surgery.

Bromelain: a natural proteolytic for intra-abdominal adhesion prevention.

Introduction: Peritoneal adhesions are pathological fibrous connections between peritoneal surfaces resulting from incomplete peritoneal repair. Adhesions cause various health problems ranging from pelvic pain and bowel obstruction to infertility. To date, no effective agent exists for intra-abdominal adhesion prevention.

Effect of intraabdominal administration of Allium sativum (garlic) oil on postoperative peritoneal adhesion.

Objective(s): Peritoneal adhesion is a serious problem that develops after most abdominopelvic surgeries. Allium sativum (garlic) has been used for centuries as both a nutrient and a traditional medicine. The anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, fibrinolytic, and wound-healing properties of garlic are well-recognized.

Unilateral ovarian agenesis and clear cell type epithelioid leiomyoma of uterus mimicking ovarian malignancy.

A case of unilateral absent ovary together with clear cell type epithelioid leiomyoma of uterus mimicking ovarian malignancy discovered during laparotomy is presented. Unilateral absence of an ovary is an extremely rare finding. Although the exact pathophysiological mechanism is not known, it could result from a defect in embryological development or asymptomatic torsion of ovary.

Histopathological analysis of vesicular and bullous lesions in Kaposi sarcoma.

Background: In this study, the clinical and morphological features of vesiculobullous lesions observed in Kaposi sarcoma are analyzed, and the features of bullous Kaposi sarcoma cases are emphasized.

Methods: A total of 178 biopsy materials of 75 cases diagnosed as classic-type cutaneous Kaposi sarcoma were reviewed. Twenty-five cases showing vesiculobullous features were included in the study.

Clinicopathological significance of fascin and CD44v6 expression in endometrioid carcinoma.

Background: Fascin and CD44v6 may have significant roles as biomarkers in tumour progression and metastasis. In endometrioid carcinomas, the fascin expression profile is less defined, and the significance of CD44v6 is uncertain. We aimed to investigate the expressions of both fascin and CD44v6 in endometrioid carcinomas and to evaluate their inter-relation with clinicopathological parameters.

Mammae erraticae: a case report and reappraisal of the related theories.

Unlabelled: Extra nipples and breast tissue outside the orthotopic location of the mammary glands are called polythelia and polymastia, respectively. Although the theory of mammary ridge remnants can explain extra breast tissue along the milk line, other locations such as the dorsum of the body still need further discussion. This report describes a 28-year-old Caucasian woman with a perfectly formed breast together with a meningocele in the lumbar region.

Placental chorangiosis: the association with oxidative stress and angiogenesis.

Background/aims: Chorangiosis is considered to be strongly associated with fetal, maternal, and placental disorders, and has been found to be correlated with increased fetal morbidity and mortality. In this study, it is aimed to investigate the association of angiogenesis and oxidative stress with the pathogenesis of chorangiosis.

Methods: Expressions of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) and basic fibroblast growth factor (b-FGF), which are investigated with avidin-biotin-peroxidase method in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections from placental tissues diagnosed as no chorangiosis (n = 18) and chorangiosis (n = 18), have been evaluated in a semiquantitative manner.

Lymphatic differentiation in classic Kaposi's sarcoma: patterns of D2-40 immunoexpression in the course of tumor progression.

The recent development of lymphatic endothelium-specific immuno-indicators has given rise to research on the histogenesis of Kaposi sarcoma (KS), specifically focusing on its lymphatic root and differentiation. D2-40 is a new lymphatic marker that recognizes podoplanin and is easily applied to formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded human tissues. This study examined D2-40 immunoexpression in 178 classical KS lesions using immunohistochemical methods.

The effect of atorvastatin and its role on systemic cytokine network in treatment of acute experimental colitis.

Inflammatory bowel diseases are characterized by disabilities in gastrointestinal system and defects in mucosal immune system. Statins are 3-hydroxy-3-methyl glutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor and are used to treat hypercholesterolemia in patients with coronary artery and atherosclerotic diseases. Recent studies have demonstrated that statins have immunomodulatory role by effecting different pathways in immune system.

Cutaneous Horn-Related Kaposi's Sarcoma: A Case Report.

Cutaneous horn is characterized by the accumulation of abnormal keratinized material and may occur in association with a variety of benign, premalignant, and malignant cutaneous lesions. Cutaneous horn occurs very rarely in association with soft-tissue neoplasias. A cutaneous horn located on the toe was completely removed by excision in a 78-year-old male patient.

Intrauterine growth restriction and placental angiogenesis.

Background: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic-fibroblast growth factor (b-FGF), and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) are factors that take part in placental angiogenesis. They are highly expressed during embryonic and fetal development, especially in the first trimester. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of placental angiogenesis in the development of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) by comparing the levels of expression of VEGF-A, b-FGF, and eNOS in normal-term pregnancy and IUGR placentas.

Gliosarcoma with chondroblastic osteosarcomatous differentation: report of two case with clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical features.

Gliosarcoma is a rare tumor of the central nervous system characterized by a biphasic histological pattern. Our objective is to describe clinical, morphological and immunohistochemical features of two cases of gliosarcoma with chondroblastic osteosarcomatous differentiation and to discuss its pathogenetic mechanisms. CASE 1: A 52- year-old male patient underwent parietal craniotomy due to anaplastic ependymoma.

Salivary gland myoepithelioma with focal capsular invasion.

Salivary gland tumors that display myoepithelial differentiation exclusively or predominantly are relatively uncommon, and the assessment of malignancy in a myoepithelial tumor can be difficult. We report a case of parotid gland myoepithelioma composed predominantly of spindle cells with focal capsular invasion. The patient was a 65-year-old woman who presented with a painless mass in the right preauricular region.

Oxidized low-density-lipoprotein accumulation is associated with liver fibrosis in experimental cholestasis.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to examine the probable relationship between the accumulation of oxLDL and hepatic fibrogenesis in cholestatic rats.

Introduction: There is growing evidence to support the current theories on how oxidative stress that results in lipid peroxidation is involved in the pathogenesis of cholestatic liver injury and fibrogenesis. One of the major and early lipid peroxidation products, OxLDL, is thought to play complex roles in various immuno-inflammatory mechanisms.

Expression of adhesion molecules in first trimester spontaneous abortions and their role in abortion pathogenesis.

Background: Early placental development is associated with complex regulatory mechanisms, and molecular communication problems that arise during the developmental process are dangerous for continuation of the pregnancy. As studies on the process of invasion and migration of trophoblast cells have shown the importance of cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, we examined the effects of adhesion molecules on the mechanism(s) of spontaneous abortions and compared them to elective abortion materials using histopathological and immunohistochemical methods. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate adhesion molecules in spontaneous abortions.

Expression of histamine receptors (H(1), H(2), and H(3)) in the rabbit endolymphatic sac: an immunohistochemical study.

Objective: The endolymphatic sac (ES) is part of the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear. Its central role in immunologic activity within the inner ear has been confirmed by numerous studies. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of histamine receptors (H(1), H(2), H(3)) in the rabbit ES.

Immunohistochemical comparison of traditional and modified harvesting of the left internal mammary artery.

The left internal mammary artery is the conduit of choice for coronary artery bypass grafting. In the traditional ("clipped-artery") harvesting technique, this artery is prepared as a pedicle; the distal part is clipped, cut, and covered with a papaverine-soaked cloth until anastomosis is performed. In modified ("nonclipped-artery") harvesting, the prepared artery is kept in situ and left connected to the systemic circulation until anastomosis.