Universal Adhesives Benefit from an Extra Hydrophobic Adhesive Layer When Light Cured Beforehand.

Purpose: To measure microtensile bond strength (μTBS) of universal adhesives immediately and after 6-month aging, with or without an additional adhesive layer applied on a separately light-cured or non-light-cured universal adhesive.

Materials And Methods: Eighty human third molars were randomly assigned to 8 experimental groups. The universal adhesives Clearfil Universal Bond (Kuraray Noritake) and Single Bond Universal (3M Oral Care) were used in self-etch mode (following the manufacturer's directions), and either light cured or not before application of an extra hydrophobic adhesive layer (Clearfil SE Bond bond, Kuraray Noritake).

Effect of tooth discolouration severity on the efficacy and colour stability of two different trayless at-home bleaching systems.

The use of trayless at-home bleaching agents in darker teeth is raising some concerns due to their unknown efficacy. The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of tooth discolouration severity on the efficacy and colour stability of two different trayless at-home bleaching systems. Ninety enamel-dentin samples were divided into two groups: lighter tand darker teeth.

Effect of resin infiltration and microabrasion on the microhardness, surface roughness and morphology of incipient carious lesions.

Objective: The effects of resin infiltration and microabrasion on incipient carious lesions by surface microhardness, roughness and morphological assessments, and resistance to further acid attack of treated lesions were evaluated.

Material And Methods: Eighty artificially-induced incipient lesions were randomly divided into five groups (n = 16): resin infiltration with an adhesive resin (Excite F, Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein), resin infiltration with a resin infiltrant (Icon, DMG, Hamburg, Germany), microabrasion without polishing (Opalustre, Ultradent, South Jordan, UT, USA), microabrasion with polishing (Opalustre, Ultradent, Diamond Excel, FGM, Joinville, SC, Brazil), and distilled water (control group). All specimens were exposed to demineralization for another 10 d.

Bond strength and cement-tooth interfacial characterization of self-adhesive composite cements.

Purpose: (1) To determine the microtensile bond strength (µTBS) of self-adhesive (SA) composite cements to unetched/etched enamel and dentin, and (2) to characterize the cements' interaction with tooth tissue.

Methods: 51 composite blocks were bonded to smear layer-covered enamel and dentin (three teeth per group). Four SA composite cements (Clearfil SA, G-CEM, RelyX Unicem, SmartCem2), and three multi-step composite cements, two used following an etch-and-rinse (E&R) approach (RelyX ARC, Variolink II 'E&R') and one used following a self-etch (SE) approach (Variolink II ' SE') were investigated.

Microindentation hardness and calcium/phosphorus ratio of dentin following excavation of dental caries lesions with different techniques.

Background: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the microindentation hardness and chemical composition of residual dentin left at the cavity bottom following removal of carious dentin using the Carisolv chemomechanical and Er:YAG laser caries excavation methods in comparison with the conventional tungsten-carbide bur excavation.

Methods: Sixty-nine extracted permanent teeth with occlusal dentin caries were assigned into three groups according to caries removal technique. Carious dentin excavation was guided by tactile method and a caries-staining dye.

Radiopacity evaluation of contemporary resin composites by digitization of images.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the radiopacity of different composite resins and compare the values to those of human enamel and dentine.

Materials And Methods: Five specimens of each material with thicknesses of 2 mm were prepared and radiographed alongside aluminum step wedge and human enamel and dentin. Three occlusal radiographs for each material were taken and digitized using a desktop scanner.

Five-year clinical performance of a HEMA-free one-step self-etch adhesive in noncarious cervical lesions.

Objectives: The objective of this randomized controlled trial was to evaluate the clinical performance of a 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA)-free one-step adhesive.

Materials And Methods: Two hundred sixty-seven cervical lesions in 52 patients were restored with the composite Gradia Direct (GC), bonded with either the one-step self-etch adhesive G-Bond (GC) or the three-step etch-and-rinse adhesive Optibond FL (Kerr) in a random order. The restorations were evaluated for retention, marginal integrity, marginal discoloration, and caries occurrence after 5 years.

Three-year clinical performance of a HEMA-free one-step self-etch adhesive in non-carious cervical lesions.

Despite the fact that one-step adhesives are currently used routinely in clinical practice, long-term studies on their clinical performance are scarce. The objective of this randomized controlled clinical trial was to test the hypothesis that a 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA)-free one-step self-etch adhesive performs worse than a conventional multistep etch-and-rinse adhesive. Two-hundred and seventy-six non-carious cervical lesions in 52 patients were restored with a micro-hybrid composite (Gradia Direct; GC).

Clinical effectiveness of a one-step self-etch adhesive in non-carious cervical lesions at 2 years.

A 2-year randomized, controlled prospective study evaluated the clinical effectiveness of a one-step self-etch adhesive and a "gold-standard" three-step etch-and-rinse adhesive in non-carious Class-V lesions. The null hypothesis tested was that the one-step self-etch adhesive does perform clinically equally well as the three-step etch-and-rinse adhesive. A total of 161 lesions in 26 patients were restored with Clearfil AP-X (Kuraray).

Clinical performance of a two-step self-etch adhesive with additional enamel etching in Class III cavities.

Objective: This study evaluated the effect of additional enamel etching on the clinical performance of Class III composite restorations bonded with a mild two-step self-etch adhesive system in a three-year evaluation of clinical service.

Methods: Using a paired-tooth study design, 38 patients received at least one pair of restorations. In each paired cavity, a mild two-step self-etch adhesive (Clearfil SE Bond) was used, either with (C-SE etch) or without additional enamel etching, using phosphoric acid (C-SE non-etch).

Clinical evaluation of a two-step etch&rinse and a two-step self-etch adhesive system in Class II restorations: two-year results.

Objective: This study evaluated the clinical performance of a two-step etch&rinse and a two-step self-etch adhesive system in Class II restorations after two years of clinical service.

Methods: Thirty-three patients with primary caries or insufficient restorations were enrolled in the study. A total of 87 Class II cavities were restored, 44 using a two-step etch&rinse adhesive system (Single Bond, 3M ESPE) and 43 cavities using a two-step self-etch adhesive (Clearfil SE Bond, Kuraray).

Influence of Er,Cr:YSGG laser treatment on microtensile bond strength of adhesives to enamel.

The current trend towards minimum-intervention dentistry has introduced laser technology as an alternative technique for cavity preparation. This study assessed the null hypothesis that enamel prepared either by Er,Cr:YSGG laser or conventional diamond bur is equally receptive to adhesive procedures. The buccal and lingual surfaces of 35 sound human molars were prepared with Er,Cr:YSGG laser or a medium-grit diamond bur.

Influence of Er,Cr:YSGG laser treatment on the microtensile bond strength of adhesives to dentin.

Purpose: In light of the concept of minimally invasive dentistry, erbium lasers have been considered as an alternative technique to the use of diamond burs for cavity preparation. The purpose of this study was to assess the bonding effectiveness of adhesives to Er,Cr:YSGG laser-irradiated dentin using irradiation settings specific for cavity preparation.

Materials And Methods: Fifty-four midcoronal dentin surfaces, obtained from sound human molars, were irradiated with an Er,Cr:YSGG laser or prepared with a diamond bur using a high-speed turbine.

Bond strength of self-etch adhesives to dentin prepared with three different diamond burs.

Objectives: To evaluate the micro-tensile bond strength (mu TBS) of a control etch-and-rinse and three self-etch (strong, mild, ultra-mild) adhesive systems to dentin prepared with three different grit size of diamond burs.

Methods: Dentin surfaces were created from mid-coronal sound dentin in extracted, human third molars. The teeth were ground with high-speed medium grit (100 microm), fine grit (30 microm), or extra-fine grit (15 microm) diamond bur.

Comparison of conventional and digital radiography for radiometric differentiation of dental cements.

Objective: To test the efficacy of conventional radiometry with indirect digital image analysis in the assessment of the relative radiopacity of dental cements used as liners or bases compared to human enamel and dentin.

Method And Materials: Disks of 15 different dental cements, 5 mm in diameter and 2 mm thick, were exposed to radiation together with 2-mm-thick disks of enamel and dentin and an aluminum step wedge. Density was evaluated by digital transmission densitometry and with the histogram function of an image analysis program following digitization of the radiographs with a flatbed scanner.

Influence of dentin cavity surface finishing on micro-tensile bond strength of adhesives.

Unlabelled: The current trend toward minimal-invasive dentistry has introduced innovative techniques for cavity preparation. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and laser-irradiation technology have been employed as an alternative to the common use of regular burs in high-speed turbines.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of alternative techniques for cavity preparation on the bonding effectiveness of different adhesives to dentin, and to evaluate the morphological characteristics of dentin prepared with those techniques.

Bonding to ground versus unground enamel in fluorosed teeth.

Objectives: To determine the effect of grinding on the bonding effectiveness of a self-etch and an etch-and-rinse adhesive to fluorosed enamel.

Methods: The teeth were classified using the Thylstrup and Fejerskov index (TFI). Fluorosed teeth (TFI=5) obtained from Isparta (Turkey) and control teeth (TFI=0) obtained from Leuven (Belgium) were used.

NaOCl degradation of a HEMA-free all-in-one adhesive bonded to enamel and dentin following two air-blowing techniques.

Objective: Phase-separation within HEMA-free all-in-one dental adhesives may result in the entrapment of droplets within the adhesive resin. Strongly air-blowing prior to polymerization, can remove most of these droplets. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect these droplets may have on the resistance of the adhesive-tooth interface to NaOCl degradation.

Examiner agreement in the replacement decision of Class I amalgam restorations.

The aim of this study was to investigate interexaminer and intraexaminer agreement in the replacement decision for Class I amalgam restorations. Three examiners evaluated the restorations clinically and with bitewing radiographs. One hundred and twelve restorations were evaluated for secondary caries, body fracture, deficient anatomic form (contour), ditched margins, and marginal overhangs.

Effect of fluorosis on dentine shear bond strength of a self-etching bonding system.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of dental fluorosis on shear bond strength of a composite material to dentine. Forty human premolar teeth were classified according to the severity of fluorosis using the Thylstrup and Fejerskov index and were divided into four groups (TFI scores of 0, 3, 4 and 5) of 10 teeth. Non-fluorosed teeth (TFI score of 0) served as the control group.

Dental caries and fluorosis in low- and high-fluoride areas in Turkey.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the caries prevalence of children living in either low- or high-fluoride areas and to relate caries experience to the severity of dental fluorosis.

Method And Materials: A total of 278 12- to 14-year-old schoolchildren, 149 in a low-fluoride area (LFA) and 129 in a high-fluoride area (HFA), were included in the study. The naturally occurring fluoride concentrations in the drinking water were 0.

Two-year clinical evaluation of four polyacid-modified resin composites and a resin-modified glass-ionomer cement in Class V lesions.

Objective: The aim of the study was to compare the clinical performances of four polyacid-modified resin composites (F2000, Dyract AP, Compoglass F, and Elan) and one resin-modified glass-ionomer cement (Vitremer) in Class V abrasion/erosion lesions.

Method And Materials: Twenty restorations of each of the five restorative materials were placed in noncarious cervical abrasion/erosion lesions by one dentist. No cavity preparation was attempted.