Assuring assistance to healthcare and medicine: Internet of Things, Artificial Intelligence, and Artificial Intelligence of Things.

Introduction: The convergence of healthcare with the Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) is reshaping medical practice with promising enhanced data-driven insights, automated decision-making, and remote patient monitoring. It has the transformative potential of these technologies to revolutionize diagnosis, treatment, and patient care.

Purpose: This study aims to explore the integration of IoT and AI in healthcare, outlining their applications, benefits, challenges, and potential risks.

Health-related quality of life among lower limb amputees using prostheses in Nepal: a cross-sectional study.

Introduction: Lower limb amputation significantly impacts individuals' quality of life, with prostheses playing a crucial role in rehabilitation and mobility restoration. In Nepal, where access to advanced medical care is limited, understanding the factors affecting the well-being of prosthesis users is essential for optimizing rehabilitation services. This study investigates the sociodemographic and health-related variables influencing the quality of life among lower-limb amputees using prostheses in Nepal.

Complete Correction following Temporary Hemiepiphysiodesis using 2-hole Reconstruction Plates among Skeletally Immature Patients with Angular Deformities around Knees: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.

Introduction: Studies have shown that 2-hole reconstruction plates can be used effectively as tension band plates for temporary hemiepiphysiodesis. However, limited data is available regarding the effectiveness of such plates in terms of complete correction rates. This study was aimed to find out the prevalence of complete correction following temporary hemiepiphysiodesis using 2-hole reconstruction plates among skeletally immature patients with angular deformities around knees.

Open segmental tibial bone defects treated with Ilizarov frame: a radiological and functional outcome study with average ten year follow-up.

Purpose: Surgical reconstruction of large post-traumatic tibial bone and soft tissue defects following high-energy trauma presents a significant challenge for orthopaedic surgeons. This study aimed to evaluate the functional and radiological outcomes of large post-traumatic tibial bone and soft tissue defects managed by single or double-level bone transport using the Ilizarov technique.

Material & Methods: 13 patients who underwent treatment for large tibial bone defects (Gustillo IIIa, IIIb, IIIc) along with soft tissue defects with Ilizarov from 2010 to 2020 A.

Functional and Radiological Outcomes of Surgically Treated Coxa-vara in Children.

Background: Coxa vara is a condition in which the neck-shaft angle of the femur decreases below its normal value (<110 degrees) based on age. The deformity can be primarily caused by a congenital defect of the femoral neck cartilage or by secondary causes related to skeletal dysplasia, trauma, infection, and pathological bone disorders. The surgical treatment aims to restore the normal anatomy, thereby improving the mechanics and function of the hip joint.

High Dependency Unit Admissions among Patients with Lower Extremity Long Bone Fracture Visiting the Department of Orthopaedics in a Tertiary Care Centre.

Introduction: Lower extremity long bone, femoral and tibial shaft, fractures often have associated injuries. Patients with lower extremity long bone fractures in the Department of Orthopaedics can land up in high dependency unit admissions, mostly due to underlying complications. The study aimed to find out the prevalence of high dependency unit admissions among patients with lower extremity long bone fractures visiting the Department of Orthopaedics in a tertiary care centre.

Cerebral Palsy among Children Visiting the Outpatient Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics in a Tertiary Care Centre.

Introduction: Cerebral palsy is a group of neurological disorders that appear in infancy or early childhood and occur as a result of anomalies in the developing brain that impair the brain's capacity to regulate movement, maintain posture, and maintain balance. Healthcare professionals can better predict the need for the medical, rehabilitative, and support services needed by people with cerebral palsy by using accurate prevalence statistics. The aim of the study was to find out the prevalence of cerebral palsy among children visiting the Outpatient Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics in a tertiary care centre.

Hip-Spine Discordance in Bone Mineral Densities in Patients Undergoing Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry Scan in a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.

Introduction: The discordance in the diagnosis of osteoporosis is characterized by the variation in bone mineral density measurements at different skeletal sites. The presence of discordance significantly alters the treatment plan as different treatment is required for different skeletal sites. The aim of this study was to find out the prevalence of hip-spine discordance in bone mineral densities in patients undergoing dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scans for suspected osteoporosis.

Effect of Infrapatellar Fat Pad Preservation vs Resection on Clinical Outcomes After Total Knee Arthroplasty in Patient with End-Stage Osteoarthritis.

Purpose: The management of infrapatellar fat pad (IPFP) during total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is the subject of ongoing debate. There is conflicting evidence whether IPFP should be preserved or resected during TKA to improve clinical outcomes. This study sought to establish if there is a benefit of one over another in terms of clinical function & patient satisfaction.

Factors Predictive of Tenotomy After Ponseti Casting for Idiopathic Clubfoot: A Tertiary Care Center Study.

Introduction: Parents of children with clubfoot are likely to inquire about the need for tenotomy and about any factors that may be predictive. The present study was done to identify factors that may help predict the need for tenotomy in children undergoing Ponseti treatment for idiopathic clubfoot.

Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted on patients under 5 years of age with idiopathic clubfoot and no previous treatment history treated at Hospital and Rehabilitation Centre for Disabled Children.

Mean Tip Apex Distance in Patients undergoing Dynamic Hip Screw Fixation for Pertrochanteric Fractures without using Traction Table: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.

Introduction: Dynamic Hip Screw fixation has shown to be equally effective compared to cephalomedullary nailing. The effectiveness of dynamic hip screw fixation for pertrochanteric fractures without using traction table is not well investigated. This study aimed to find out the mean tip apex distance in patients undergoing dynamic hip screw fixation for pertrochanteric fractures without using traction table.

Hip arthrodesis in children : a review of 26 cases with a mean of 20 years' follow-up.

Aims: To examine the long-term outcome of arthrodesis of the hip undertaken in a paediatric population in treating painful arthritis of the hip. In our patient population, most of whom live rurally in hilly terrain and have limited healthcare access and resources, hip arthrodesis has been an important surgical option for the monoarticular painful hip in a child.

Methods: A follow-up investigation was undertaken on a cohort of 28 children previously reported at a mean of 4.

Host Perspectives of High-Income Country Orthopaedic Resident Rotations in Low and Middle-Income Countries.

Background: International orthopaedic resident rotations in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) are gaining popularity among high-income country (HIC) residency programs. While evidence demonstrates a benefit for the visiting residents, few studies have evaluated the impact of such rotations on the orthopaedic surgeons and trainees in LMICs. The purpose of this study was to further explore themes identified in a previous survey study regarding the local impact of visiting HIC resident rotations.

Correlation between Radiological Outcome and Health Related Quality of Life after Posterior Spinal Fusion for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis.

Background: Posterior spinal surgery for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is aimed at correcting deformity and stopping deformity progression to improve the health related quality of life. The correlation between radiological outcome and health related quality of life is yet unclear. This study aimed to assess the correlation between radiological outcome and health related quality of life.

Effectiveness of extra-corporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) vs methylprednisolone injections in plantar fasciitis.

Introduction: In Plantar Fasciitis, the main concern of the patients is the pain that disturbs their day to day activities. Different modalities of treatments are being used for its pain management. This study seeks to investigate and compare decrease in level of pain following treatment with Methylprednisolone injections (DMP) Vs Extra-Corporeal Shock Wave Therapy (ESWT) in plantar fasciitis.

Outcomes of the Ponseti Method for Untreated Clubfeet in Nepalese Patients Seen Between the Ages of One and Five Years and Followed for at Least 10 Years.

Background: To our knowledge, there are no reports of the Ponseti method initiated after walking age and with >10 years of follow-up. Our goal was to report the clinical findings and patient-reported outcomes for children with a previously untreated idiopathic clubfoot who were seen when they were between 1 and 5 years old, were treated with the Ponseti method, and had a minimum follow-up of 10 years.

Methods: A retrospective review of medical records was supplemented by a follow-up evaluation of physical findings (alignment and range of motion) and patient-reported outcomes using the Oxford Ankle Foot Questionnaire for Children (OxAFQ-C).

Socioeconomic Status Influences Functional Severity of Untreated Cerebral Palsy in Nepal: A Prospective Analysis and Systematic Review.

Background: Cerebral palsy (CP) comprises a heterogeneous group of disorders whose clinical manifestations and epidemiologic characteristics vary across socioeconomic and geographic contexts. The functional severity of untreated CP in low-income countries has been insufficiently studied; a better understanding of how these children present for care in resource-constrained environments is important because it will better characterize the natural history of CP, guide clinical decision-making, and aid in the prognostication of children with untreated CP.

Questions/purposes: The purposes of this study were (1) to determine the etiologies, motor subtypes, topographic distributions, and functional classifications of a large cohort of Nepali children with untreated CP presenting to a large pediatric rehabilitation center in Nepal; and (2) to compare the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS), the Manual Ability Classification System (MACS), and the Communication Function Classification System (CFCS) scores of a subset of patients with spastic CP in the Nepali cohort with control subjects from high-income countries.

Predictors of healthcare seeking delays among children with chronic musculoskeletal disorders in Nepal.

Background: Healthcare seeking behaviors among children with musculoskeletal disorders are poorly understood. We sought to analyze healthcare seeking delays among children with chronic musculoskeletal conditions in Nepal and identify predictors of clinically significant delays.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at a large pediatric musculoskeletal rehabilitation center in Nepal.

A review of the epidemiology and treatment of orthopaedic injuries after earthquakes in developing countries.

Background: Earthquakes in developing countries are devastating events. Orthopaedic surgeons play a key role in treating earthquake-related injuries to the extremities. We describe orthopaedic injury epidemiology to help guide response planning for earthquake-related disasters.

Extra and Intra-articular Synovial Chondromatosis.

Synovial chondromatosis is not so rare intra-articular condition secondary to synovial metaplasia, that affects the knee joint. Extra-articular synovial chondromatosis however is an extremely rare condition that usually involves the synovial sheath or bursa of the foot or hand. We present two cases of synovial chondromatosis, one intra and one extra-articular.

Patterns of Orthopaedic Injuries among Motorbike Accident Admissions Presenting to a Tertiary Care Hospital in Kathmandu.

Background: The anecdotal burden of morbidity secondary to motorbike accidents is thought to enormous by personnel involved in trauma care. The objective of the present study is to ascertain patterns and association of injuries and causes of mortality in a cohort of motorbike accident victims.

Methods: A retrospective chart review of 1337 motorbike accident admissions B and B Hospital in Kathmandu between January 2009 and December 2010 was undertaken.

A Snapshot of 1001 Children Presenting with Cerebral Palsy to a Children's Disability Hospital.

Background: Cerebral palsy (CP) has largely been an unaddressed problem in low and middle income countries (LMIC's). The purpose of this retrospective study is to provide a facility-based snapshot of CP in Nepal.

Methods: A retrospective chart review of 1001 patients diagnosed as having cerebral palsy, presenting to our institution from December 2008 to December 2011, was carried out.

CT evaluation of pelvic and hip fractures.

Introduction: To analyze the spectrum of pelvic and hip joint injuries by computed tomography in patients attending to emergency.

Methods: CT evaluation with multiplanar and 3-D reformations of 62 patients done with pelvic and hip fractures during 18 months. The mode of injury and treatment were recorded.

Pinless halo in the pediatric population: indications and complications.

Background: The use of the conventional halo is accompanied by the possibility of serious complications, especially in the pediatric population. Complications could include penetration of pin into the skull, pin loosening, pin tract infection, cranial nerve palsies, and vest-related pressure sores. The noninvasive "pinless" halo was introduced in an attempt to mitigate these problems while retaining the effectiveness of the conventional halo.