Introduction Congenital malformations are a major cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality in developing countries and are assuming greater importance than ever before. They affect a variety of organ systems and various etiologies have been identified in literature including Toxoplasmosis, Other (syphilis, varicella-zoster, parvovirus B19), Rubella, Cytomegalovirus, Herpes Simplex (TORCH) infections, exposure to pollutants, consumption of tobacco and alcohol, and advanced maternal age. In developing countries, diagnosis is frequently delayed which leads to poorer outcomes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis systematic review aimed to explore the efficacy of both pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions in managing hypertension during pregnancy. It analyzed high-quality randomized controlled trials (RCTs), focusing on outcomes related to maternal and fetal health. The findings demonstrated that antihypertensive medications, particularly labetalol and nifedipine, effectively reduced the risks of severe preeclampsia (PE), preterm birth, and other complications.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative disorder that commonly manifests in chronic, accelerated, or blast phase. Typically observed in individuals aged 60-65 years, CML is infrequently diagnosed in adolescents. The usual presentation in late adulthood involves nonspecific symptoms such as fever, fatigue, and weight loss, with rare reports of initial neurological involvement.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFd-limonene is a type of colorless liquid hydrocarbon that falls under the category of cyclic monoterpene. It is the component found in the oil extracted from fruit peels. Isoproterenol, a synthetic β-adrenergic agonist, was administered to rats to induce myocardial injury by increasing heart rate and myocardial oxygen demand, leading to ischemia and oxidative stress.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImproved surgical skill is generally associated with improved patient outcomes, although assessment is subjective, labour intensive, and requires domain-specific expertise. Automated data-driven metrics can alleviate these difficulties, as demonstrated by existing machine learning instrument tracking models. However, these models are tested on limited datasets of laparoscopic surgery, with a focus on isolated tasks and robotic surgery.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAccurate intra-operative Remaining Surgery Duration (RSD) predictions allow for anaesthetists to more accurately decide when to administer anaesthetic agents and drugs, as well as to notify hospital staff to send in the next patient. Therefore, RSD plays an important role in improved patient care and minimising surgical theatre costs via efficient scheduling. In endoscopic pituitary surgery, it is uniquely challenging due to variable workflow sequences with a selection of optional steps contributing to high variability in surgery duration.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is crucial in managing acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), emphasizing the importance of optimal myocardial reperfusion.
Objective: The goal of this research was to determine how loading doses of rosuvastatin and atorvastatin affected the flow rate of thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) immediately post-perfusion thrombolysis in patients undergoing primary PCI.
Methodology: This prospective, comparative study was carried out over a one-year period (January 2023 to December 2023) in Pakistan.
Fishmeal (FM) is a key component of commercial fish feeds, but due its unsustainable supply, the search for quality alternatives of FM has become a significant area of investigation worldwide. The insect-based proteins such as black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) are being recognized as an alternative ingredient. However, anti-nutritional factors in these alternatives may negatively affect nutrient utilization in fish.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets
January 2025
Background: Drug repurposing involves investigating new indications or uses for drugs that have already been approved for clinical use. Empagliflozin is a C-glycosyl compound characterized by the presence of a beta-glucosyl residue. It functions as a sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor and is utilized to enhance glycemic control in adults diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Maintaining optimal oral health is essential for overall well-being; however, conditions such as dental caries and gingivitis remain prevalent in Pakistan and are further worsened by increasing antibiotic resistance.
Objective: To evaluate the antimicrobial properties of salivary peptides as potential therapeutic agents against common oral pathogens in Pakistan.
Methodology: A one-year cross-sectional study was conducted in Lahore, Pakistan, at Sharif Medical and Dental College and Akhter Saeed Medical and Dental College, involving 384 participants aged 18-65 years.
With the increasing demand for mobile computing, the requirement for intelligent resource management has also increased. Cloud computing lessens the energy consumption of user equipment, but it increases the latency of the system. Whereas edge computing reduces the latency along with the energy consumption, it has limited resources and cannot process bigger tasks.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBeing an extremely high mortality rate condition, cardiac arrest cases have rightfully been evaluated via various studies and scoring factors for effective resuscitative practices and neurological outcomes postresuscitation. This narrative review aims to explore the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in predicting neurological outcomes postcardiac resuscitation. The methodology involved a detailed review of all relevant recent studies of AI, different machine learning algorithms, prediction tools, and assessing their benefit in predicting neurological outcomes in postcardiac resuscitation cases as compared to more traditional prognostic scoring systems and tools.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOne-carbon (1C) metabolism is a complex network of metabolic reactions closely related to producing 1C units (as methyl groups) and utilizing them for different anabolic processes, including nucleotide synthesis, methylation, protein synthesis, and reductive metabolism. These pathways support the high proliferative rate of cancer cells. While drugs that target 1C metabolism (like methotrexate) have been used for cancer treatment, they often have significant side effects.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad
November 2024
Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease (KFD) commonly manifests with symptoms of fever, tender cervical adenopathy, and systemic symptoms like night sweats, rashes, headache, weight loss, nausea, vomiting, and sore throat. In this case study, a 27-year-old patient's main complaints included fever, neck oedema, and weight loss that started one month ago. Following preliminary inquiries, ultrasonography, and CT scans, a multidisciplinary team has been overseeing the case.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSynovial sarcoma is a rare mesenchymal tumor, and its occurrence as a primary renal tumor is exceedingly rare. We are presenting a case of renal synovial sarcoma with lung involvement in a 47-year-old female patient who initially presented with typical renal symptoms, including blood in urine and left flank pain. Imaging revealed a large renal mass with extension into the renal vein and metastatic nodules in the lungs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnviron Microbiome
November 2024
Objective: To compare the cycloplegic refraction in children with different iris colour categories and age groups.
Methods: The cross -sectional study was conducted from December 2 022 to June 2023 at the Eye Clinic of Sehat Medical Complex, Hanjarwal, Lahore, and Khizar Eye Centre, Lahore, Pakistan, and comprised hyperopic children aged 5-12 years of either gender. Data regarding age, gender, iris colour, auto -refraction and retinoscopy before and after cycloplegic refraction was collected using a structured proforma.
Pituitary tumours are surrounded by critical neurovascular structures and identification of these intra-operatively can be challenging. We have previously developed an AI model capable of sellar anatomy segmentation. This study aims to apply this model, and explore the impact of AI-assistance on clinician anatomy recognition.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBupropion (Bup), an antidepressant, is used to treat depression and aid in quitting smoking. We aim to investigate the influence of Bup on nicotine withdrawal (NW)-associated disturbances in serotonergic neurotransmission and behavior in mice. Adult albino mice were categorized into control and NW groups.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGlucose homeostasis is maintained by insulin. Insulin resistance is caused by multiple factors including hereditary factors and diet. The molecular mechanism underlying insulin resistance (IR) is not completely understood.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExpert Opin Ther Pat
November 2024