Theory and Algorithms for Shapelet-Based Multiple-Instance Learning.

We propose a new formulation of multiple-instance learning (MIL), in which a unit of data consists of a set of instances called a bag. The goal is to find a good classifier of bags based on the similarity with a "shapelet" (or pattern), where the similarity of a bag with a shapelet is the maximum similarity of instances in the bag. In previous work, some of the training instances have been chosen as shapelets with no theoretical justification.

Relationships Among Performance Anxiety, Agari Experience, and Depressive Tendencies in Japanese Music Students.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships among anxiety prior to actual performance (music performance anxiety, MPA), mental and physical negative responses during performance (agari), and depressive tendencies in Japanese college students majoring in music. Participants were 171 music majors (33 males, 138 females, 20.6±1.

[Development of the Life Skills Scale for Adolescents and Adults].

The present study aims to develop and examine the reliability, internal validity, and criterion validity of the Life Skills Scale for Adolescents and Adults (LSSAA) that would enable measurement of the level of life skills in Japanese adolescents and adults. In study 1, 238 university students completed a 41-item questionnaire for the LSSAA based on a previous study (Kase et al., 2016).

Cardiac remodeling associated with protein increase and lipid accumulation in early-stage chronic kidney disease in rats.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with increased risks of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Cardiac remodeling including myocardial fibrosis and hypertrophy is frequently observed in CKD patients. In this study, we investigate the mechanism involved in cardiac hypertrophy associated with CKD using a rat model, by morphological and chemical component changes of the hypertrophic and non-hypertrophic hearts.

Renal vascular structural properties and their alterations by removal of uraemic toxins in a rat model of chronic kidney disease.

1. Renal vascular structural properties and their alterations by removal of uraemic toxins with AST-120, an oral adsorbent, were examined in subtotal nephrectomized rats. 2.

Dietary inorganic phosphorus regulates the intestinal peptide transporter PepT1.

Background: Both organic and inorganic phosphorus (Pi) are present in regularly consumed foods, such as meats, eggs, and dairy products. Pi is often included in foods as an additive (as hidden phosphorus). The intestinal peptide transporter PepT1 mediates protein absorption, which is disturbed in renal insufficiency.

Polysaccharide-K (PSK) may suppress surgical stress-induced metastasis in rat colon cancer.

Purpose: We previously demonstrated that hepatic ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury increased liver metastasis and cancer growth of RCN-H4 cells. Using a rat model of hepatic I/R-induced liver metastasis, we investigated the metastasis-suppressing effect of polysaccharide-K (PSK), a biological response modifier composed of protein-bound polysaccharide.

Methods: Fischer rats underwent 60 min of 70% partial hepatic ischemia.

Spherical carbon adsorbent (AST-120) protects deterioration of renal function in chronic kidney disease rats through inhibition of reactive oxygen species production from mitochondria and reduction of serum lipid peroxidation.

Background/aim: An imbalance in renal redox status contributes to progression of renal dysfunction. We investigated the effects of an oral charcoal adsorbent (AST-120) on renal redox status, superoxide production from renal mitochondria, and serum lipid peroxidation using chronic kidney disease (CKD) model rats.

Methods: CKD was induced by 5/6 nephrectomy.

Indoxyl sulfate reduces superoxide scavenging activity in the kidneys of normal and uremic rats.

Background/aim: Indoxyl sulfate (IS) is a uremic toxin that accelerates the progression of chronic renal failure (CRF). This study aimed at determining whether IS impairs antioxidative systems (redox status) in the kidney.

Methods: IS was orally administered to normal and subtotally nephrectomized (three fourths and five sixths) rats (CRF rats) for 2 weeks.

The carboxyl-terminal half region of ADAMTS-1 suppresses both tumorigenicity and experimental tumor metastatic potential.

ADAMTS-1 is an ECM-anchored metalloproteinase with proteoglycan-degrading activity as well as an angiogenesis inhibiting activity. Here, we examined the effects of ADAMTS-1 overexpression on in vivo tumor growth and tumor metastasis. Overexpression of only the C-terminal half region of ADAMTS-1, consisting of TSP type I motifs and the spacer region, suppressed Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) tumor growth in mice.

A duodenally absorbable CXC chemokine receptor 4 antagonist, KRH-1636, exhibits a potent and selective anti-HIV-1 activity.

A low molecular weight nonpeptide compound, KRH-1636, efficiently blocked replication of various T cell line-tropic (X4) HIV type 1 (HIV-1) in MT-4 cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells through the inhibition of viral entry and membrane fusion via the CXC chemokine receptor (CXCR)4 coreceptor but not via CC chemokine receptor 5. It also inhibited binding of the CXC chemokine, stromal cell-derived factor 1alpha, to CXCR4 specifically and subsequent signal transduction. KRH-1636 prevented monoclonal antibodies from binding to CXCR4 without down-modulation of the coreceptor.

Platelet aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate released from cloned murine fibrosarcoma cells is positively correlated with the experimental metastatic potential of the cells.

We established five clones (ML-01, ML-02, MH-01, MH-02, MH-03) from murine 3-methylcholanthrene-induced fibrosarcoma A (Meth A), and investigated their experimental metastatic potentials in relation to their platelet-aggregating activities. A clone with a high metastatic potential (MH-02) showed a characteristic biphasic pattern of platelet aggregation, of which the first peak was not present in the aggregation patterns of the clone with low metastatic potential (ML-01). The first peak was eliminated by treatment of the cells with apyrase, indicating that adenosine diphosphate (ADP) was the causative substance of this particular peak.

Effects of intra-arterial chemotherapy with a new lipophilic anticancer agent, estradiol-chlorambucil (KM2210), dissolved in lipiodol on experimental liver tumor in rats.

Anticancer effects and biodistribution of a new lipophilic anticancer agent, estradiol-chlorambucil (KM2210), dissolved in lipiodol (LPD) were investigated as an intra-arterial chemotherapy (IAC) on Walker 256 carcinosarcoma grown in the liver of 136 Wistar rats. All rats treated with KM2210 (10 mg)-LPD survived for 90 days after administration, whereas none of the rats with LPD alone were alive for more than 19 days. Histological examination revealed that there was no viable tumor cell in the encapsulated necrotic tumor at 21 days after administration.

Effects of intraarterial chemotherapy using the new lipophilic anticancer agent 'KM2210' (estradiol-chlorambucil) dissolved in lipiodol on Walker 256 carcinosarcoma in Wistar rats--a preliminary report.

The effect of a new oil-soluble anticancer agent 'KM2210' (estradiol-chlorambucil) dissolved in lipiodol (LPD) was investigated as intraarterial chemotherapy, using 40 Wistar rats bearing Walker 256 carcinosarcoma in the extremities. KM2210-LPD significantly inhibited tumor growth and prolonged the survival time, as compared to LPD alone or saline alone, p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.

[Studies on platelet aggregation induced by human cultured carcinoma cell lines].

Attempts were made to clarify the mechanism of platelet aggregation and to characterize the platelet aggregating material employing established human cancer cell lines. Eleven out of the nineteen human cancer cell lines investigated showed platelet aggregating activity. The existence of divalent cation was required for the platelet aggregation induced by HMV-1 tumor cells.

The 1 alpha-hydroxylation of 24-hydroxyvitamin D3 by chick kidney homogenates.

Tritium-labeled 24(R)-hydroxyvitamin D3 and 24(S)-hydroxyvitamin D3 were chemically synthesized and the 1 alpha-hydroxylation of these compounds by chick kidney homogenates was studied. A marked stereospecific preference with regard to the orientation of the hydroxyl functionality on carbon-24 was noted: while the 24(R)-epimer could be 1 alpha-hydroxylated in readily detectable amounts, the 24(S)-epimer was not hydroxylated. Thus, 1.

Studies on the mechanism of action of 1 alpha,24-dihydroxyvitamin D3. III. The specific binding of 1 alpha,24-dihydroxyvitamin D3 to the receptor of chick parathyroid gland.

Three protein fractions of the cytosol of the chick parathyroid glands, which had the sedimentation constants of 2.5 S, 3.7 S and 5.

Studies on the mechanism of action of 1 alpha, 24-dihydroxyvitamin D3. II. Specific binding of alpha, 24-dihydroxyvitamin D3 to chick intestinal receptor.

The binding of vitamin D3 analogues to the chick intestinal cytosol receptor was studied. In intestinal cytosol fraction, receptor proteins having the sedimentation constant of 2.5 S and 3.