Access to inner language enhances memory for events.

Events are temporally bounded experiences involving people, objects, and actions that can be segmented into sequences of smaller, meaningful events (e.g., steps involved in constructing a piece of furniture), but the role of inner language in remembering such events has been unclear.

Consensus Paper: Current Perspectives on Abstract Concepts and Future Research Directions.

concepts are relevant to a wide range of disciplines, including cognitive science, linguistics, psychology, cognitive, social, and affective neuroscience, and philosophy. This consensus paper synthesizes the work and views of researchers in the field, discussing current perspectives on theoretical and methodological issues, and recommendations for future research. In this paper, we urge researchers to go beyond the traditional abstract-concrete dichotomy and consider the multiple dimensions that characterize concepts (e.

More is not necessarily better: How different aspects of sensorimotor experience affect recognition memory for words.

Semantic richness theory predicts that words with richer, more distinctive semantic representations should facilitate performance in a word recognition memory task. We investigated the contribution of multiple aspects of sensorimotor experience-those relating to the body, communication, food, and objects-to word recognition memory, by analyzing megastudy data in a series of hierarchical linear regressions. We found that different forms of sensorimotor experience produced different effects on memory.

Low-cost prosthetic feet for underserved populations: A comparison of gait analysis and mechanical stiffness.

Background: Lower-limb loss is an ongoing cause of disability throughout the world. Despite advancements in prosthetic technologies, there are numerous underserved populations in need of effective low-cost prosthetic foot options.

Objective: To evaluate the biomechanical performance of several low-cost prosthetic feet, using a combination of instrumented gait analysis and mechanical stiffness testing.

Multi-dimensional sensorimotor grounding of concrete and abstract categories.

Semantic categories, and the concepts belonging to them, have commonly been defined by their relative concreteness, that is, their reliance on perception. However, sensorimotor grounding must be regarded as going beyond the basic five senses and incorporate a multi-dimensional variety of perceptual and action experience. We present a series of exploratory analyses examining the sensorimotor grounding of participant-produced member concepts for 117 categories, spanning concrete (e.

Category production norms for 117 concrete and abstract categories.

We present a database of category production (aka semantic fluency) norms collected in the UK for 117 categories (67 concrete and 50 abstract). Participants verbally named as many category members as possible within 60 seconds, resulting in a large variety of over 2000 generated member concepts. The norms feature common measures of category production (production frequency, mean ordinal rank, first-rank frequency), as well as response times for all first-named category members, and typicality ratings collected from a separate participant sample.

Linguistic Distributional Knowledge and Sensorimotor Grounding both Contribute to Semantic Category Production.

The human conceptual system comprises simulated information of sensorimotor experience and linguistic distributional information of how words are used in language. Moreover, the linguistic shortcut hypothesis predicts that people will use computationally cheaper linguistic distributional information where it is sufficient to inform a task response. In a pre-registered category production study, we asked participants to verbally name members of concrete and abstract categories and tested whether performance could be predicted by a novel measure of sensorimotor similarity (based on an 11-dimensional representation of sensorimotor strength) and linguistic proximity (based on word co-occurrence derived from a large corpus).

Eye Gaze and Perceptual Adaptation to Audiovisual Degraded Speech.

Purpose Visual cues from a speaker's face may benefit perceptual adaptation to degraded speech, but current evidence is limited. We aimed to replicate results from previous studies to establish the extent to which visual speech cues can lead to greater adaptation over time, extending existing results to a real-time adaptation paradigm (i.e.

Reading direct speech quotes increases theta phase-locking: Evidence for cortical tracking of inner speech?

Growing evidence shows that theta-band (4-7 Hz) activity in the auditory cortex phase-locks to rhythms of overt speech. Does theta activity also encode the rhythmic dynamics of inner speech? Previous research established that silent reading of direct speech quotes (e.g.

The Relevance of the Availability of Visual Speech Cues During Adaptation to Noise-Vocoded Speech.

Purpose This study first aimed to establish whether viewing specific parts of the speaker's face (eyes or mouth), compared to viewing the whole face, affected adaptation to distorted noise-vocoded sentences. Second, this study also aimed to replicate results on processing of distorted speech from lab-based experiments in an online setup. Method We monitored recognition accuracy online while participants were listening to noise-vocoded sentences.

Demographic Predictors of Dropping Out of Treatment (DOT) in Substance Use Disorder Treatment.

Background: Researchers have not studied or used novel methods for identifying potential disparities for sexual minorities, those with criminal pasts, and veterans in (DOT).

Methods: We used Bayesian logistic regression to identify factors associated with DOT, tested interaction effects, and used machine learning to classify qualitative responses.

Findings: With 2,772 clients from two inpatient clinics in the Southwest United States, we found sexual minorities and females had 52% and 61%, increases and African Americans had 54% decreases in the odds of DOT.

Genetic Influences of the Microbiota on the Life Span of Drosophila melanogaster.

To better understand how associated microorganisms ("microbiota") influence organismal aging, we focused on the model organism We conducted a metagenome-wide association (MGWA) as a screen to identify bacterial genes associated with variation in the life span. The results of the MGWA predicted that bacterial cysteine and methionine metabolism genes influence fruit fly longevity. A mutant analysis, in which flies were inoculated with strains bearing mutations in various methionine cycle genes, confirmed a role for some methionine cycle genes in extending or shortening fruit fly life span.

Interoception: the forgotten modality in perceptual grounding of abstract and concrete concepts.

Conceptual representations are perceptually grounded, but when investigating which perceptual modalities are involved, researchers have typically restricted their consideration to vision, touch, hearing, taste and smell. However, there is another major modality of perceptual information that is distinct from these traditional five senses; that is, interoception, or sensations inside the body. In this paper, we use megastudy data (modality-specific ratings of perceptual strength for over 32 000 words) to explore how interoceptive information contributes to the perceptual grounding of abstract and concrete concepts.

Group and individual variability in speech production networks during delayed auditory feedback.

Altering reafferent sensory information can have a profound effect on motor output. Introducing a short delay [delayed auditory feedback (DAF)] during speech production results in modulations of voice and loudness, and produces a range of speech dysfluencies. The ability of speakers to resist the effects of delayed feedback is variable yet it is unclear what neural processes underlie differences in susceptibility to DAF.

Reconnecting with Joseph and Augusta Dejerine: 100 years on.

Bajada mark the centenary of Joseph Dejerine’s death by demonstrating the continuing relevance of his research with his long-standing collaborator, Augusta Dejerine-Klumpke, on the white matter pathways of the brain to modern-day connectional anatomy. A first English translation of the original work is provided in the Supplementary Materials.

Neural bases of accented speech perception.

The recognition of unfamiliar regional and foreign accents represents a challenging task for the speech perception system (Floccia et al., 2006; Adank et al., 2009).

Audiovisual cues benefit recognition of accented speech in noise but not perceptual adaptation.

Perceptual adaptation allows humans to recognize different varieties of accented speech. We investigated whether perceptual adaptation to accented speech is facilitated if listeners can see a speaker's facial and mouth movements. In Study 1, participants listened to sentences in a novel accent and underwent a period of training with audiovisual or audio-only speech cues, presented in quiet or in background noise.

Use of the SONET Score to Evaluate High Volume Emergency Department Overcrowding: A Prospective Derivation and Validation Study.

Background. The accuracy and utility of current Emergency Department (ED) crowding estimation tools remain uncertain in EDs with high annual volumes. We aimed at deriving a more accurate tool to evaluate overcrowding in a high volume ED setting and determine the association between ED overcrowding and patient care outcomes.

Across the Miles: Process and Impacts of Collaboration with a Rural Community Advisory Board in HIV Research.

Background: Project Education and Access to Services and Testing (EAST) worked with a community advisory board (CAB) to (1) identify individual-level, provider-level, and community-level factors influencing attitudes about human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and HIV/acquired immuno-deficiency syndrome (AIDS) research and (2) develop and test a community-based HIV clinical trials educational intervention in six rural counties in the Southeast.

Objectives: We describe the processes and impact of forming and collaborating with a rural, multicommunity CAB.

Methods: CAB members included community leaders, providers, and people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA).

Cognitive predictors of perceptual adaptation to accented speech.

The present study investigated the effects of inhibition, vocabulary knowledge, and working memory on perceptual adaptation to accented speech. One hundred young, normal-hearing adults listened to sentences spoken in a constructed, unfamiliar accent presented in speech-shaped background noise. Speech Reception Thresholds (SRTs) corresponding to 50% speech recognition accuracy provided a measurement of adaptation to the accented speech.

The inaccuracy of determining overcrowding status by using the national ED overcrowding study tool.

Background: Emergency department (ED) crowding has become more common, and perceptions of crowding vary among different health care providers. The National Emergency Department Overcrowding Study (NEDOCS) tool is the most commonly used tool to estimate ED crowding but still uncertain of its reliability in different ED settings.

Objective: The objectives of this study are to determine the accuracy of using the NEDOCS tool to evaluate overcrowding in an extremely high-volume ED and assess the reliability and consistency of different providers' perceptions of ED crowding.

Patterns and perceptions of supplement use by U.S. Marines deployed to Afghanistan.

Dietary supplements are implicated in an increasing number of minor and serious adverse events, including death. A series of adverse events in deployed Marines using multiple supplements prompted medical officers to investigate the prevalence of supplement use among Marines stationed on Camp Leatherneck, Afghanistan. The investigators developed a survey to identify the types of supplements used, patterns of supplement use, reasons for taking supplements, perceived benefits from using supplements, and self-reported adverse effects.

Highly-efficient charge separation and polaron delocalization in polymer-fullerene bulk-heterojunctions: a comparative multi-frequency EPR and DFT study.

The ongoing depletion of fossil fuels has led to an intensive search for additional renewable energy sources. Solar-based technologies could provide sufficient energy to satisfy the global economic demands in the near future. Photovoltaic (PV) cells are the most promising man-made devices for direct solar energy utilization.