Local excision for T1 rectal cancer: A population-based study of practice patterns and oncological outcomes.

Aim: Local excision (LE) for T1 rectal cancer may be recommended in those with low-risk disease, while resection is typically recommended in those with a high risk of luminal recurrence or lymph node metastasis. The aim of this work was to compare survival between resection and LE.

Method: This was a population-based retrospective cohort study set in the Canadian province of Ontario.

Prevalence and patterns of testing for anaemia in primary care in England.

Despite epidemiological data on anaemia being available on a global scale, its prevalence in the United Kingdom is not well described. To investigate anaemia prevalence and testing patterns for haemoglobin and other blood parameters. A population-based cohort study using data drawn from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink Aurum database in 2019.

An assessment of cancer centre level designation and guideline adherent care in those with rectal cancer: A population based retrospective cohort study.

Background: Institutions providing care to individuals with cancer are organized based on available resources and treatments offered. It is presumed that increasing levels of care will result in improved quality of care and outcomes. The objective is to determine whether Cancer Level Designation is associated with guideline adherent care and/or survival.

The Association between Blood Test Trends and Undiagnosed Cancer: A Systematic Review and Critical Appraisal.

Clinical guidelines include monitoring blood test abnormalities to identify patients at increased risk of undiagnosed cancer. Noting blood test changes over time may improve cancer risk stratification by considering a patient's individual baseline and important changes within the normal range. We aimed to review the published literature to understand the association between blood test trends and undiagnosed cancer.

Ethnic inequities in 6-8 week baby check coverage in England 2006- 2021: a cohort study using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink.

Background: Inequities in the coverage of 6-8-week maternal checks, health visitor reviews, and infant vaccinations have been reported in England. Ethnic inequities in 6-8-week baby checks have not been studied nationally.

Aim: To examine the effect of maternal ethnicity on 6-8 week baby check coverage in England 2006-2021.

Ethnic inequities in routine childhood vaccinations in England 2006-2021: an observational cohort study using electronic health records.

Background: Population groups that are underserved by England's childhood vaccination programme must be identified to address the country's declining vaccination coverage. We examined routine childhood vaccination coverage in England by maternal ethnicity between 2006 and 2021.

Methods: We created first, second and fifth birthday cohorts using mother-child linked electronic health records from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) Aurum.

Electronic safety-netting tool features considered important by UK general practice staff: an interview and Delphi consensus study.

Background: The potential of the electronic health record to support safety netting has been recognised and a number of electronic safety-netting (E-SN) tools developed.

Aim: To establish the most important features of E-SN tools.

Design & Setting: User-experience interviews followed by a Delphi study in a primary care setting in the UK.

BLOod Test Trend for cancEr Detection (BLOTTED): protocol for an observational and prediction model development study using English primary care electronic health record data.

Background: Simple blood tests can play an important role in identifying patients for cancer investigation. The current evidence base is limited almost entirely to tests used in isolation. However, recent evidence suggests combining multiple types of blood tests and investigating trends in blood test results over time could be more useful to select patients for further cancer investigation.

Step-Wise Management of Anemia in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease in Primary Care: Qualitative Study.

Introduction: Anemia is common in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is associated with increased cardiovascular risk and reduced quality of life, but is often sub-optimally managed. Most patients are managed in primary care alongside other comorbidities. Interventions to improve the management of anemia in CKD in this setting are needed.

Representativeness, Vaccination Uptake, and COVID-19 Clinical Outcomes 2020-2021 in the UK Oxford-Royal College of General Practitioners Research and Surveillance Network: Cohort Profile Summary.

Background: The Oxford-Royal College of General Practitioners (RCGP) Research and Surveillance Centre (RSC) is one of Europe's oldest sentinel systems, working with the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) and its predecessor bodies for 55 years. Its surveillance report now runs twice weekly, supplemented by online observatories. In addition to conducting sentinel surveillance from a nationally representative group of practices, the RSC is now also providing data for syndromic surveillance.

Ethnic differences and inequities in paediatric healthcare utilisation in the UK: a scoping review.

Background: Despite the increased policy attention on ethnic health inequities since the COVID-19 pandemic, research on ethnicity and healthcare utilisation in children has largely been overlooked.

Objectives: This scoping review aimed to describe and appraise the quantitative evidence on ethnic differences (unequal) and inequities (unequal, unfair and disproportionate to healthcare needs) in paediatric healthcare utilisation in the UK 2001-2021.

Methods: We searched Embase, Medline and grey literature sources and mapped the number of studies that found differences and inequities by ethnic group and healthcare utilisation outcome.

Primary care practice and cancer suspicion during the first three COVID-19 lockdowns in the UK: a qualitative study.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly affected UK primary care, and as a result the route to cancer diagnosis for many patients.

Aim: To explore how the pandemic affected primary care practice, in particular cancer suspicion, referral, and diagnosis, and how this experience evolved as the pandemic progressed.

Design And Setting: Seventeen qualitative interviews were carried out remotely with primary care staff.

The Variations in Care and Real-world Outcomes in Individuals With Rectal Cancer: Protocol for the Ontario Rectal Cancer Cohort.

Background: Individuals with rectal cancer require a number of pretreatment investigations, often require multidisciplinary treatment, and require ongoing follow-ups after treatment is completed. Due to the complexity of treatments, large variations in practice patterns and outcomes have been identified. At present, few comprehensive, population-level data sets are available for assessing interventions and outcomes in this group.

The association between conception history and subsequent postpartum depression and/or anxiety: Evidence from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink 1991-2013.

Background: Infertility, and fertility treatment, are associated with psychological distress that may influence subsequent mental health including postpartum depression and anxiety.

Methods: Data for women who had a livebirth between 1991 and 2013 were drawn from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink. Conception history prior to their first recorded birth was categorised as 'no fertility problems', 'untreated subfertility', ovulation induction (OI), and assisted reproductive technologies (ART).

National rates and disparities in childhood vaccination and vaccine-preventable disease during the COVID-19 pandemic: English sentinel network retrospective database study.

Objectives: To describe rates and variation in uptake of pneumococcal and measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccines in children and associated change in vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs) across the first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: Retrospective database study of all children aged <19 registered with a general practice in the Oxford Royal College of General Practitioners Research and Surveillance Centre English national sentinel surveillance network between 2 November 2015 and 18 July 2021.

Results: Coverage of booster dose of pneumococcal vaccine decreased from 94.

Point-of-care NT-proBNP monitoring for heart failure: observational feasibility study in primary care.

Background: Around one million individuals in the UK have heart failure (HF), a chronic disease that causes significant morbidity and mortality. N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) monitoring could help improve the care of patients with HF in the community.

Aim: The aim of this study is to provide evidence to support the routine use of point-of-care (POC) NT-proBNP monitoring in primary care.

Consultations for clinical features of possible cancer and associated urgent referrals before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: an observational cohort study from English primary care.

Background: It remains unclear to what extent reductions in urgent referrals for suspected cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic were the result of fewer patients attending primary care compared to GPs referring fewer patients.

Methods: Cohort study including electronic health records data from 8,192,069 patients from 663 English practices. Weekly consultation rates, cumulative consultations and referrals were calculated for 28 clinical features from the NICE suspected cancer guidelines.

Statin prescription in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and risk of exacerbations: a retrospective cohort study in the Clinical Practice Research Datalink.

Objective: Observational studies have suggested a beneficial effect of taking statins on frequency of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations. However, clinical trials of statins in people with COPD did not confirm those results. This study aimed to investigate this association using a methodological approach, which reduces the biases associated with some previous observational study designs.

Weight change, cardio-metabolic risk factors and cardiovascular incidence in people with serious mental illness: protocol of a population-based cohort study in the UK from 1998 to 2020.

Introduction: People with serious mental illness (SMI), which includes people with diagnoses of schizophrenia spectrum and bipolar disorders, face significant health inequality. This includes a life expectancy reduced by 15-20 years mostly due to premature cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared with the general population. Excess weight gain and related comorbidities are preventable risk factors for CVD.

No Significant Difference Between Intramedullary and Extramedullary Button Fixation for Distal Biceps Brachii Tendon Rupture After Cyclic Loading in a Cadaver Model.

Purpose: To biomechanically compare intramedullary (IM) versus extramedullary (EM) distal biceps button fixation under cyclic loading conditions, which is most representative of postoperative physiologic status.

Methods: This controlled laboratory study used 13 fresh-frozen matched paired cadaver elbows. One specimen from each pair was randomized to either IM (unicortical) or EM (bicortical) distal biceps button fixation via onlay technique.

Frequency of Renal Monitoring - Creatinine and Cystatin C (FORM-2C): an observational cohort study of patients with reduced eGFR in primary care.

Background: Monitoring is the mainstay of chronic kidney disease management in primary care; however, there is little evidence about the best way to do this.

Aim: To compare the effectiveness of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) derived from serum creatinine and serum cystatin C to predict renal function decline among those with a recent eGFR of 30-89 ml/min/1.73 m.

Study into COVID-19 Crisis Using Primary Care Mental Health Consultations and Prescriptions Data.

The effect of the 2020 pandemic, and of the national measures introduced to control it, is not yet fully understood. The aim of this study was to investigate how different types of primary care data can help quantify the effect of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) crisis on mental health. A retrospective cohort study investigated changes in weekly counts of mental health consultations and prescriptions.

The impact of primary care supported shielding on the risk of mortality in people vulnerable to COVID-19: English sentinel network matched cohort study.

Objectives: To mitigate risk of mortality from coronavirus 2019 infection (COVID-19), the UK government recommended 'shielding' of vulnerable people through self-isolation for 12 weeks.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study using a nationally representative English primary care database comparing people aged >= 40 years who were recorded as being advised to shield using a fixed ratio of 1:1, matching to people with the same diagnoses not advised to shield (n = 77,360 per group). Time-to-death was compared using Cox regression, reporting the hazard ratio (HR) of mortality between groups.