Trends and cross-country inequalities in the global burden of inguinal, femoral, and abdominal hernia from 1990 to 2021, with projections from 2022 to 2035: a cross-sectional study.

Background: The global burden of inguinal, femoral, and abdominal hernias remains significant, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, despite medical advancements. This study aims to examine trends and cross-country inequalities in the burden of these hernias from 1990 to 2021 and project future trends to 2035.

Methods: Utilizing Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) 2021 data, we analyzed prevalence, incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) across 204 countries and territories.

GFRA4 improves the neurogenic potential of enteric neural crest stem cells via hedgehog pathway.

Background: Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) is a congenital intestinal disease characterised by functional obstruction of the colon. Herein, we investigated the role and mechanism of the gene GFRA4 in HSCR.

Methods: GFRA4 expression in the ganglionic and aganglionic segment tissues in patients with HSCR and healthy colon tissues were detected using qRT-PCR, western blot, and immunohistochemistry.

Global, regional, and national burden of inguinal, femoral, and abdominal hernias: a systematic analysis of prevalence, incidence, deaths, and DALYs with projections to 2030.

Background: Hernias, particularly inguinal, femoral, and abdominal, present a global health challenge. While the global burden of disease (GBD) study offers insights, systematic analyses of hernias remain limited. This research utilizes the GBD dataset to explore hernia implications, combining current statistics with 2030 projections and frontier analysis.

Key Modulation of ROS and HSP for Effective Therapy Against Hypoxic Tumor with Multifunctional Nanosystem.

Background: Though nanomedicine-based photothermal therapy (PTT) has demonstrated promising prospect in tumor treatment due to its high therapeutic efficiency and controllable range, the overexpression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) during PTT can lead to intracellular thermal resistance and reduce its effectiveness. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), followed by the application of chemodynamic therapy (CDT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT), can eliminate HSPs and overcome thermal resistance. However, the tumor microenvironment, including hypoxia and glutathione (GSH) overexpression, impedes the production of ROS and therapeutic efficacy of CDT and PDT.

Spatially resolved visualization of reprogrammed metabolism in hepatocellular carcinoma by mass spectrometry imaging.

Background: Metabolic reprogramming refers to tumor-associated metabolic alterations during tumorigenesis and has been regarded as one of the most important features of cancer. Profiling the altered metabolites and lipids in hepatocellular carcinoma with spatial signature will not only enhance our understanding of tumor metabolic reprogramming, but also offer potential metabolic liabilities that might be exploited for hepatocellular carcinoma therapy.

Methods: We perform matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) analysis on both hepatocellular carcinoma xenograft mouse model and hepatocellular carcinoma patients.

Effects of sphincter of Oddi motility on the formation of cholesterol gallstones.

Aim: To investigate the mechanisms and effects of sphincter of Oddi (SO) motility on cholesterol gallbladder stone formation in guinea pigs.

Methods: Thirty-four adult male Hartley guinea pigs were divided randomly into two groups, the control group (n = 10) and the cholesterol gallstone group (n = 24), which was sequentially divided into four subgroups with six guinea pigs each according to time of sacrifice. The guinea pigs in the cholesterol gallstone group were fed a cholesterol lithogenic diet and sacrificed after 3, 6, 9, and 12 wk.