Prediction of land use for the next 30 years using the PLUS model's multi-scenario simulation in Guizhou Province, China.

Land use changes significantly impact the structure and functioning of ecosystems. The current research focus lies in how to utilize economic and policy instruments to regulate conflicts among stakeholders effectively. The objective is to facilitate rational planning and sustainable development of land utilization resources.

Designing of trimetallic-phase ternary metal sulfides coupled with N/S doped carbon protector for superior and safe Li/Na storage.

Traditional transition metal sulfides (TMSs) have shown favorable potentials in energy storage. Nevertheless, its further usage is plagued by the issues of particle breakage and large volume change. In this work, the nanostructured ternary TMSs coupled with N/S doped carbon protector (NiCoFe-S@NSC) is delicately designed via compositional regulation and spatial structure protection strategies.

Characterization and nutritional value of hydrothermal liquid products from distillers grains.

Hydrothermal liquid products (HLPs) produced by hydrothermal treatment (HTT) contain a large amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and other substances, while the environmental problems caused by arbitrary discharge. This work explored the effects of temperature, reaction time and solid-liquid ratio on the chemistry of HLPs of two different distillers grains, with a focus on nutrient composition. Increased HTT temperature was related to increased HLPs pH, dissolved organic carbon content, and aromaticity, and decreased electrical conductivity.

Host CDK-1 and formin mediate microvillar effacement induced by enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli.

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) induces changes to the intestinal cell cytoskeleton and formation of attaching and effacing lesions, characterized by the effacement of microvilli and then formation of actin pedestals to which the bacteria are tightly attached. Here, we use a Caenorhabditis elegans model of EHEC infection to show that microvillar effacement is mediated by a signalling pathway including mitotic cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) and diaphanous-related formin 1 (CYK1). Similar observations are also made using EHEC-infected human intestinal cells in vitro.

HLH-30/TFEB-mediated autophagy functions in a cell-autonomous manner for epithelium intrinsic cellular defense against bacterial pore-forming toxin in C. elegans.

Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved intracellular system that maintains cellular homeostasis by degrading and recycling damaged cellular components. The transcription factor HLH-30/TFEB-mediated autophagy has been reported to regulate tolerance to bacterial infection, but less is known about the bona fide bacterial effector that activates HLH-30 and autophagy. Here, we reveal that bacterial membrane pore-forming toxin (PFT) induces autophagy in an HLH-30-dependent manner in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Pd-Catalyzed C-S Activation/Isocyanide Insertion/Hydrogenation Enables a Selective Aerobic Oxidation/Cyclization.

Unique imidoylation of thioorganics with isocyanides endows an unprecedented aerobic oxidation process. Catalyzed by Pd(Ph3P)2Cl2 in the presence of Ph3SiH under N2 then upon exposure to air, a wide range of α-acyl ketene dithioacetals react with isocyanides to afford 5-hydroxy-α,β-unsaturated γ-lactams via a C-S bond activation, isocyanide migratory insertion, hydrogenation, selective aerobic oxidation, and intramolecular nucleophilic addition sequence.

Palladium-catalyzed C-S activation/aryne insertion/coupling sequence: synthesis of functionalized 2-quinolinones.

The insertion of an aryne into a C-S bond can suppress the addition of an S nucleophile to the aryne in the presence of palladium. Catalyzed by Pd(OAc)₂, a wide range of α-carbamoyl ketene dithioacetals readily react with arynes to selectively afford functionalized 2-quinolinones in high yields under neutral reaction conditions by a C-S activation/aryne insertion/intramolecular coupling sequence. The attractive feature of the new strategy also lies in the versatile transformations of the alkythio-substituted quinolinone products.

Regio- and stereoselective synthesis of 2-cyclopentenones via a hydrogenolysis-terminated Heck cyclization of β-alkylthio dienones.

Palladium-catalyzed cyclization of β-alkylthio dienone derivatives affords 2-cyclopentenones in a regio- and stereoselective manner in the presence of silane. C-S activation, intramolecular carbopalladation and hydrogenolysis construct the cascade process.

Biochemical characterization of the small ubiquitin-like modifiers of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.

Dynamic modification of target proteins by small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) is known to modulate many important cellular processes and is required for cell viability and development in all eukaryotes. However, understanding of SUMO systems in plants, especially in unicellular green algae, remains elusive. In this study, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii CrSUMO96, CrSUMO97 and CrSUMO148 were characterized.