Understanding the structure and cutting mechanism of shaver blades: A case study on articular cartilage.

Mechanical shaver blades have been used in minimally invasive knee arthroscopy surgery for nearly 50 years, however, the tooth structure and cutting mechanism of shaver blades were less reported. This paper designed several shaver blades (triangular tooth/TT, circular tooth/CT and convex arc tooth/CAT), defined the cutting edges and angles of the original shaver (OS) and proposed a newly designed shaver (NDS) with a positive secondary rake angle to optimize cutting performance. The cutting process and theoretical model of the OS and NDS were analysed from 2D and 3D perspectives.