Wrist Arthroscopy: Positioning, Portal Placement, and Diagnostic Evaluation.

Wrist arthroscopy can be an invaluable technique with both diagnostic and therapeutic utility for surgeons treating pathologies of the wrist. Its use has increased in recent years for a myriad of diagnoses. Understanding the foundations of the preparation for and performance of diagnostic arthroscopy is critical to the successful execution of arthroscopic treatment of pathologies of the wrist.

Dermal Allograft Augmentation of Rotator Cuff Repair via the Arthroscopic Shoulder Kite Technique.

Rotator cuff tears are a common cause of shoulder pain and dysfunction. Recent and historical reports suggest that a sizable percentage of patients may experience a retear of the rotator cuff despite surgical intervention. Multiple biological and mechanical factors can influence outcomes after rotator cuff surgery, including patient age, rotator cuff tear size, chronicity, and rotator cuff tissue quality.

Comparing psilocybin to metformin as neuroprotective agents against Parkinson's dementia: A systematic review of evidence and efficacy.

Background & Aim: Treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) has remained largely unchanged and focuses primarily on symptomatic relief through activation of dopaminergic pathways. Currently, there are no proven prophylactic approaches to the prevention of PD. This systematic review seeks to compare two separate compounds, metformin (MTF) and psilocybin, as potential prophylactic therapeutics against the development of PD.

So, what's best? Accuracy and acceptance of thermometers in triage and inpatients in a low-resource tropical setting - The MaTe study.

Objectives: We searched for the most-suitable thermometry method in the low-resource, tropical setting of Sierra Leone, both in terms of accuracy and also patient and user acceptance.

Methods: We conducted a prospective comparative study of different methods of body temperature measurement. Each participant had their temperature taken by four different methods: non-contact infrared temperature (NCIT), axillary, tympanic membrane and rectal measurements.

Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction With Double-Bundle Internal Bracing: A Technique Guide.

There has been a recent increase in interest for double-bundle (db) anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions (ACLRs). Although this surgical technique has shown to improve rotational and translational stability, the literature has been inconsistent, finding its graft failure rates to be superior to that of the single-bundle (sb) ACLR. So far, no studies have reported the sb ACLR to be superior to db ACLR.

Survey of organ-derived small extracellular vesicles and particles (sEVPs) to identify selective protein markers in mouse serum.

Extracellular vesicles and particles (EVPs) are secreted by organs across the body into different circulatory systems, including the bloodstream, and reflect pathophysiologic conditions of the organ. However, the heterogeneity of EVPs in the blood makes it challenging to determine their organ of origin. We hypothesized that small (s)EVPs (<100 nm in diameter) in the bloodstream carry distinctive protein signatures associated with each originating organ, and we investigated this possibility by studying the proteomes of sEVPs produced by six major organs (brain, liver, lung, heart, kidney, fat).

A deep surgical site infection risk score for patients with open tibial shaft fractures treated with intramedullary nail.

Objectives: To identify deep infection risk factors in patients with open tibial shaft fractures and to develop a scoring algorithm to predict the baseline deep infection risk in this patient population.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study conducted at a single academic trauma center identified patients with open tibial shaft fractures treated with intramedullary nail fixation from December 2006 to October 2020. The primary outcome was a deep surgical site infection requiring surgical debridement.

Secondary Bony Defects after Soft Tissue Reconstruction in Limb-Threatening Lower Extremity Injuries: Does the Approach to Flap Elevation Matter?

Background:  Limb-threatening lower extremity injuries often require secondary bone grafting after soft tissue reconstruction. We hypothesized that there would be fewer wound complications when performing secondary bone grafting via a remote surgical approach rather than direct flap elevation.

Methods:  A retrospective cohort study was performed at a single Level 1 trauma center comparing complications after secondary bone grafting in patients who had undergone previous soft tissue reconstruction after open tibia fractures between 2006 and 2020.

Facilitating hand hygiene in displacement camps during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative assessment of a novel handwashing stand and hygiene promotion package.

Background: Handwashing with soap is critical for the prevention of diarrhoeal diseases and outbreak related diseases, including interrupting the transmission of COVID-19. People living in large displacement settings are particularly vulnerable to such outbreaks, however, practicing handwashing is typically challenging in these contexts.

Methods: We conducted a qualitative assessment of the implementation of a combined intervention to facilitate handwashing behaviour in displacement camps and in surrounding communities in Bangladesh, Ethiopia and the Democratic Republic of Congo during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Patients value their own pain over braking safety when deciding when to return to driving: a discrete choice experiment on lower extremity injuries.

Objective: To quantify patient preferences towards time to return to driving relative to compromised reaction time and potential complication risks.

Design: Cross-sectional discrete choice experiment.

Setting: Academic trauma center.

Safety and immunogenicity of an Ad26.ZEBOV booster dose in children previously vaccinated with the two-dose heterologous Ad26.ZEBOV and MVA-BN-Filo Ebola vaccine regimen: an open-label, non-randomised, phase 2 trial.

Background: Children account for a substantial proportion of cases and deaths during Ebola virus disease outbreaks. We aimed to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of a booster dose of the Ad26.ZEBOV vaccine in children who had been vaccinated with a two-dose regimen comprising Ad26.

Telemedicine and Socioeconomics in Orthopaedic Trauma Patients: A Quasi-Experimental Study During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Introduction: Socioeconomic factors may introduce barriers to telemedicine care access. This study examines changes in clinic absenteeism for orthopaedic trauma patients after the introduction of a telemedicine postoperative follow-up option during the COVID-19 pandemic with attention to patient socioeconomic status (SES).

Methods: Patients (n = 1,060) undergoing surgical treatment of pelvic and extremity trauma were retrospectively assigned to preintervention and postintervention cohorts using a quasi-experimental design.

What Outcomes Are Most Important to Patients Following a Lower Extremity Limb-threatening Injury?

Objective: To determine what outcomes are most important to patients after a limb-threatening injury, and if those preferences vary based on the patients' treatment (salvage vs amputation), health, demographics, or time since injury.

Background: The preferences that motivate the patients' choice of treatment following a limb-threatening injury are poorly understood. Discrete choice experiments (DCEs) are a robust survey methodology to quantify preferences.

Pesticide Importation in Sierra Leone, 2010-2021: Implications for Food Production and Antimicrobial Resistance.

There are no previous studies reporting the type and quantity of pesticides for farming from Sierra Leone and the impact of Ebola or COVID-19 on importation. This study reviewed imported farming pesticides by the Sierra Leone, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (MAF), between 2010-2021. It was a descriptive study using routinely collected importation data.

Dual-Energy CT and Cinematic Rendering to Improve Assessment of Pelvic Fracture Instability.

Background Grading of pelvic fracture instability is challenging in patients with pelvic binders. Dual-energy CT (DECT) and cinematic rendering can provide ancillary information regarding osteoligamentous integrity, but the utility of these tools remains unknown. Purpose To assess the added diagnostic value of DECT and cinematic rendering, with respect to single-energy CT (SECT), for discriminating any instability and translational instability in patients with pelvic binders.

Genome Sequences of Five Arenaviruses from Pygmy Mice (Mus minutoides) in Sierra Leone.

The genome sequences of five strains of a mammarenavirus were assembled from metagenomic data from pygmy mice (Mus minutoides) captured in Sierra Leone. The nearest fully sequenced relatives of this virus, which was named Seli virus, are lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, Lunk virus, and Ryukyu virus.

Are Pelvic Binders an Effective Prehospital Intervention?

Objective: Widespread adoption of prehospital pelvic circumferential compression devices (PCCDs) by emergency medical services (EMS) systems has been slow and variable across the United States. We sought to determine the frequency of prehospital PCCD use by EMS providers. Secondarily, we hypothesized that prehospital PCCD use would improve early hemorrhagic shock outcomes.

Evidence for a delocalization quantum phase transition without symmetry breaking in CeCoIn.

The study of quantum phase transitions that are not clearly associated with broken symmetry is a major effort in condensed matter physics, particularly in regard to the problem of high-temperature superconductivity, for which such transitions are thought to underlie the mechanism of superconductivity itself. Here we argue that the putative quantum critical point in the prototypical unconventional superconductor CeCoIn is characterized by the delocalization of electrons in a transition that connects two Fermi surfaces of different volumes, with no apparent broken symmetry. Drawing on established theory of f-electron metals, we discuss an interpretation for such a transition that involves the fractionalization of spin and charge, a model that effectively describes the anomalous transport behavior we measured for the Hall effect.

Pelvic Ring Injury Mortality: Are We Getting Better?

Objectives: To determine if changes in pelvic trauma care and treatment protocols have affected overall mortality rates after pelvic ring injury.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Level I trauma center.

Socio-Demographic Predictors of Willingness to Pay for Premium of National Health Insurance: A Cross-sectional Survey of Six Districts in Sierra Leone.

Background: The government of Sierra Leone introduced Social Health Insurance Scheme as a measure to remove financial barriers that beset the people in accessing health to ensure universal coverage. Under this policy, the citizens were encouraged to subscribe to the scheme to avoid out of pocket payment for healthcare at the point of use. This study was conducted to find out the predictors of willingness among the people to pay for health insurance premium.

Conference report: 34th IUSTI Europe Congress.

The 34th IUSTI European Conference was held from the 3rd to the 5th of October 2020. There were presentations on STIs in Europe, many centred on Romania. A full session was devoted to syphilis, including global efforts in syphilis vaccine development.

Hypophosphatasia: Current Literature for Pathophysiology, Clinical Manifestations, Diagnosis, and Treatment.

Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is a rare inherited bone disorder identified by impaired bone mineralization. There are seven subtypes of HPP mainly characterized by their age of onset. These subtypes consist of perinatal (prenatal) benign, perinatal lethal, infantile, childhood, adult, odontohypophosphatasia, and pseudohypophosphatasia.

Isolation of Angola-like Marburg virus from Egyptian rousette bats from West Africa.

Marburg virus (MARV) causes sporadic outbreaks of severe Marburg virus disease (MVD). Most MVD outbreaks originated in East Africa and field studies in East Africa, South Africa, Zambia, and Gabon identified the Egyptian rousette bat (ERB; Rousettus aegyptiacus) as a natural reservoir. However, the largest recorded MVD outbreak with the highest case-fatality ratio happened in 2005 in Angola, where direct spillover from bats was not  shown.