Tannic acid‑cerium nanoenzymes serve as broad-spectrum antioxidants to alleviate acute kidney injury by modulating macrophage polarization, mitophagy and endoplasmic reticulum stress.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a critical condition marked by a rapid decline in renal function, primarily driven by oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammation. Despite extensive research, effective therapeutic strategies addressing the complex pathophysiology of AKI remain limited. In this study, we prepared a tannic acid‑cerium nanoenzyme (TA-Ce) and explored its potential for treating AKI.

Recent advances of multifunctional zwitterionic polymers for biomedical application.

Zwitterionic polymers possess equal total positive and negative charges in the repeating units, making them electrically neutral overall. This unique property results in superhydrophilicity, which makes the zwitterionic polymers highly effective in resisting protein adsorption, thus endowing the drug carriers with long blood circulation time, inhibiting thrombus formation on biomedical devices in contact with blood, and ensuring the good sensitivity of sensors in biomedical application. Moreover, zwitterionic polymers have tumor-targeting ability and pH-responsiveness, rendering them ideal candidates for antitumor drug delivery.