Effect of a 12-Week Rehabilitation Exercise Program on Shoulder Proprioception, Instability and Pain in Baseball Players with Shoulder Instability.

Background: The shoulder joint has a wide range of motion, but is vulnerable to sport-related injuries. We aimed to evaluate the differences in the proprioception of the shoulder should instability, and shoulder pain in high school baseball players with shoulder instability following a 12-week rehabilitation exercise program.

Methods: We enrolled 13 baseball players with shoulder instability who visited the Orthopedics Department at Konkook University Hospital in Seoul, South Korea and 12 controls without shoulder instability.

Nitric oxide and interleukin-1β stimulate the proteasome-independent degradation of the retinoic acid hydroxylase CYP2C22 in primary rat hepatocytes.

CYP2C22 was recently described as a retinoic acid-metabolizing cytochrome P450 enzyme whose transcription is induced by all-trans-retinoic acid (atRA) in hepatoma cells (Qian L, Zolfaghari R, and Ross AC (2010) J Lipid Res 51:1781-1792). We identified CYP2C22 as a putative nitric oxide (NO)-regulated protein in a proteomic screen and raised specific polyclonal antibodies to CYP2C22 to study its protein expression. We found that CYP2C22 is a liver-specific protein that was not significantly induced by activators of the pregnane X receptor, constitutive androstane receptor, or peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α, but was downregulated to <25% of control by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist β-naphthoflavone in cultured rat hepatocytes.