ReXamine-Global: A Framework for Uncovering Inconsistencies in Radiology Report Generation Metrics.

Given the rapidly expanding capabilities of generative AI models for radiology, there is a need for robust metrics that can accurately measure the quality of AI-generated radiology reports across diverse hospitals. We develop ReXamine-Global, a LLM-powered, multi-site framework that tests metrics across different writing styles and patient populations, exposing gaps in their generalization. First, our method tests whether a metric is undesirably sensitive to reporting style, providing different scores depending on whether AI-generated reports are stylistically similar to ground-truth reports or not.

Arresting environmental degradation to build wealth in Thailand.

Thailand aims to achieve high-income status by 2037 through the strategies developed in its 20-year National Strategy Preparation Act. Considerable friction is being generated through climate change and unsustainable natural resources management which are eroding Thailand's natural capital base, resilience and ability to generate wealth and progress toward its target. In this paper, we examine the impacts of ongoing environmental degradation including continued deforestation and climate change-induced impacts on flooding, productivity and sea-level rise.

Disturbed flow impairs MerTK-mediated efferocytosis in aortic endothelial cells during atherosclerosis.

MER proto-oncogene tyrosine kinase (MerTK) is a key receptor for efferocytosis, a process for the clearance of apoptotic cells. MerTK is mainly expressed in macrophages and immature dendritic cells. There are very limited reports focused on MerTK biology in aortic endothelial cells (ECs).

Centella asiatica mitigates the detrimental effects of Bisphenol-A (BPA) on pancreatic islets.

Bisphenol-A (BPA) is widely used in food packaging and household products, leading to daily human exposure and potential health risks including metabolic diseases like type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Understanding BPA's mechanisms and developing intervention strategies is urgent. Centella asiatica, a traditional herbal medicine containing pentacyclic triterpenoids, shows promise due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, utilized for centuries in Ayurvedic therapy.

Heterogeneity and predictors of the effects of AI assistance on radiologists.

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in medical image interpretation requires effective collaboration between clinicians and AI algorithms. Although previous studies demonstrated the potential of AI assistance in improving overall clinician performance, the individual impact on clinicians remains unclear. This large-scale study examined the heterogeneous effects of AI assistance on 140 radiologists across 15 chest X-ray diagnostic tasks and identified predictors of these effects.

Comparison of Fixed Dosing vs Train of Four Titration of Cisatracurium in COVID-19 ARDS Patients.

Early neuromuscular blockade with cisatracurium has been associated with improved outcomes in moderate-severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Previous studies have demonstrated increased drug utilization without benefits in oxygenation using fixed dose cisatracurium compared to train-of-four (TOF) titration. We sought to compare a novel, lower fixed dose cisatracurium protocol to TOF titration evaluating the impact on PaO2:FiO2 ratio (P/F).

Exploring aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) as a target for Bisphenol-A (BPA)-induced pancreatic islet toxicity and impaired glucose homeostasis: Protective efficacy of ethanol extract of Centella asiatica.

The estrogenic impact of Bisphenol-A (BPA), a widely recognized endocrine disruptor, causes disruption of pancreatic β-cell function through estrogen receptors (ERs). While BPA's binding affinity for ERs is significantly lower than that of its natural counterpart, estrogen, recent observations of BPA's affinity for aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in specific cellular contexts have sparked a specific question: does AhR play a role in BPA's toxicological effects within the endocrine pancreas? To explore this question, we investigated BPA's (10 and 100 μg/ kg body weight/day for 21 days) potential to activate AhR within pancreatic islets and assessed the protective role of ethanol extract of Centella asiatica (CA) (200 and 400 mg/kg body weight/day for 21 days) against BPA-mediated toxicity in mouse model. Our results indicate that BPA effectively triggers the activation of AhR and modulates its target genes within pancreatic islets.

Autonomous AI systems in the face of liability, regulations and costs.

Autonomous AI systems in medicine promise improved outcomes but raise concerns about liability, regulation, and costs. With the advent of large-language models, which can understand and generate medical text, the urgency for addressing these concerns increases as they create opportunities for more sophisticated autonomous AI systems. This perspective explores the liability implications for physicians, hospitals, and creators of AI technology, as well as the evolving regulatory landscape and payment models.

Foundation models for generalist medical artificial intelligence.

The exceptionally rapid development of highly flexible, reusable artificial intelligence (AI) models is likely to usher in newfound capabilities in medicine. We propose a new paradigm for medical AI, which we refer to as generalist medical AI (GMAI). GMAI models will be capable of carrying out a diverse set of tasks using very little or no task-specific labelled data.

Molecular dissection of cellular response of pancreatic islet cells to Bisphenol-A (BPA): A comprehensive review.

Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine disrupting chemical which poses great concern because of its high proportionate industrial production, omnipresent human exposure and budding toxic consequences in human. A plethora of previous studies has connected BPA to a variety of negative health outcomes and diabetes mellitus is among the first bencher. However, there is disagreement over the degree of toxic effects generated by low and high doses of BPA and critical period of exposure.

AI in health and medicine.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is poised to broadly reshape medicine, potentially improving the experiences of both clinicians and patients. We discuss key findings from a 2-year weekly effort to track and share key developments in medical AI. We cover prospective studies and advances in medical image analysis, which have reduced the gap between research and deployment.

Bradycardia resulting in cardiac arrest in a critically ill patient receiving dexmedetomidine.

Dexmedetomidine is an alpha-2 agonist sedative and analgesic used in anesthesia practice, and it has become more prevalent in the critically ill patients requiring short-term mechanical ventilation. While dexmedetomidine is known to have minimal effects on respiratory drive, it has been well-documented to cause bradycardia and hypotension, especially in patients with existing comorbidities. We present a patient without cardiovascular comorbidities who was in the surgical ICU under dexmedetomidine sedation.

Dichlorophene activates aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) to mediate splenotoxicity in rat.

Dichlorophene (DCP) is a halogenated phenolic compound, widely used as fungicide, bactericide and antiprotozoan and also exhibit therapeutic application in several pathological conditions. Taking account of broad use of DCP, its possible effect on spleen (an important immune organ) was investigated in this study. Male albino rats were treated with graded doses of DCP (10%, 20% and 30% of LD50) and spleen and blood were obtained at 24, 48 and 72 hours post treatment.

Unusual Near-Horizon Cosmic-Ray-like Events Observed by ANITA-IV.

ANITA's fourth long-duration balloon flight in 2016 detected 29 cosmic-ray (CR)-like events on a background of 0.37_{-0.17}^{+0.

Economic, land use, and ecosystem services impacts of Rwanda's Green Growth Strategy: An application of the IEEM+ESM platform.

We develop and link the Integrated Economic-Environmental Modeling (IEEM) Platform to ecosystem services modeling (ESM). The IEEM+ESM Platform is an innovative decision-making framework for exploring complex public policy goals and elucidating synergies and trade-offs between alternative policy portfolios. The IEEM+ESM approach is powerful in its ability to shed light on (i) change in land use and ecosystem services driven by public policy and the supply and demand responses of businesses and households; and (ii) impacts on standard economic indicators of concern to Ministries of Finance such as gross domestic product and employment, as well as changes in wealth and ecosystem services.

Altered composition of high-lipid diet may generate reactive oxygen species by disturbing the balance of antioxidant and free radicals.

Background In the present era, obesity is increasing rapidly, and high dietary intake of lipid could be a noteworthy risk factor for the occasion of obesity, as well as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, which is the independent risk factor for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. For a long time, high-lipid diet (HLD) in "fast food" is turning into part of our everyday life. So, we were interested in fulfilling the paucity of studies by means of preliminary evaluation of these three alternative doses of HLD on a rat model and elucidating the possible mechanism of these effects and divulging the most alarming dose.

Association between duration of coal dust exposure and respiratory impairment in coal miners of West Bengal, India.

. The prevalence and severity of respiratory disorders are very high among coal miners as continuous exposure of workers in such an environment leads to accumulation of dust in the lungs. This study was designed to assess the prevalence of lung function impairment and to determine whether there is any correlation between dust exposure duration and lung function indices.

Protective efficacy of Tinospora sinensis against streptozotocin induced pancreatic islet cell injuries of diabetic rats and its correlation to its phytochemical profiles.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Tinospora sinensis Lour. (Merr.) belongs to the family Menispermaceae and its stem extract have been used traditionally in broad aspects of therapeutic remedies including debility, dyspepsia, fever, jaundice, ulcer, bronchitis, urinary disease, skin disease, liver disease and diabetes.

Radioprotective effect of ethanolic extract of on γ-irradiation-induced reproductive alterations in ovary and uterus.

Evaluation of the modulatory effect of ethanolic extract of tuber (EEAIT) against γ-irradiation induced ovarian and uterine toxicity. Extract preparation was done by 80% hydro-ethanol using Soxhlet apparatus. EEAIT was administered to female Swiss albino mice ( 5) daily (200 and 400 mg/kg body weight/d) for 7 days before γ-irradiation exposure (2.

Use of anti-inflammatory agents in clinical islet cell transplants: A qualitative systematic analysis.

Immunologic and non-immunologic loss of islet cells upon their transplantation into the liver leads to suboptimal outcomes. Anti-inflammatory agents are used during autologous and allogeneic transplantation. The aim of this qualitative systematic literature review is to evaluate their clinical use and safety.

Combined effect of coal dust exposure and smoking on the prevalence of respiratory impairment among coal miners of West Bengal, India.

Accelerating prevalence of coal workers pneumoconiosis is considered as a serious occupational health problem. This cross-sectional study was designed to determine the prevalence of lung function impairment of underground coal miners in West Bengal, India. A total of 230 underground coal dust-exposed subjects and 130 nonexposed subjects were examined for lung function test and also information on sociodemographic characteristics, addiction, respiratory morbidity, personnel protective equipment and dust exposure were collected.

Cold stress modulates redox signalling in murine fresh bone marrow cells and promotes osteoclast transformation.

Alteration of redox signalling and RANK-L expression in FBMCs of mice exposed to different intensities of cold stress (15 °C, 8 °C and 4 °C) were studied. To understand the effects of varying intensities of cold stress on murine FBMCs and its impact on osteoclastogenesis. FBMCs were isolated from mice exposed to different intensities of cold stress and used for immunoblotting and biochemical assays.