Detection of Diabetic Retinopathy using Convolutional Neural Networks for Feature Extraction and Classification (DRFEC).

Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is caused as a result of Diabetes Mellitus which causes development of various retinal abrasions in the human retina. These lesions cause hindrance in vision and in severe cases, DR can lead to blindness. DR is observed amongst 80% of patients who have been diagnosed from prolonged diabetes for a period of 10-15 years.

Deep variational graph autoencoders for novel host-directed therapy options against COVID-19.

The COVID-19 pandemic has been keeping asking urgent questions with respect to therapeutic options. Existing drugs that can be repurposed promise rapid implementation in practice because of their prior approval. Conceivably, there is still room for substantial improvement, because most advanced artificial intelligence techniques for screening drug repositories have not been exploited so far.

Asymptotically fault-tolerant programmable photonics.

Component errors limit the scaling of programmable coherent photonic circuits. These errors arise because the standard tunable photonic coupler-the Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI)-cannot be perfectly programmed to the cross state. Here, we introduce two modified circuit architectures that overcome this limitation: (1) a 3-splitter MZI mesh for generic errors, and (2) a broadband MZI+Crossing design for correlated errors.

Prevalence and molecular characterization of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing isolated from dogs suffering from diarrhea in and around Kolkata.

Background: Dogs are the favorite companion animals among humans. The close interaction between dogs and people increases the risk of antibiotic resistance spreading. Surveillance for antimicrobial resistance and the identification of ESBL-producing as an indicator bacterium is an important tool for managing antimicrobial drug therapy.

Self-assembly of a CTAB surfactant on gold nanoparticles: a united-atom molecular dynamics study.

Self-assembly of a cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) surfactant on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) is studied using united-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. For AuNPs in the size range of 1-3 nm, CTAB self-assembles such that the tail groups adsorb on the AuNP surface while the ionic head group is exposed to water, giving a net negative charge to the AuNPs. Near the AuNP surface, water molecules are depleted.

A randomised control trial using soap in the prevention of surgical site infection in Tanzania.

Background: Surgical site infections (SSIs) are common and serious complications of surgery. Guidelines on preventing SSIs have been developed, but the role of preoperative bathing with plain soap among paediatric population is unclear. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of pre-operative bathing using plain soap in preventing SSIs among paediatric surgical patients.

Panhypopituitarism and Central Diabetes Insipidus Almost Three Decades After Russell's Viper Envenomation: A Remarkable Case Report and Literature Review.

Background: Snakebite is a preventable yet often-neglected public health hazard with high chronic disability and mortality, mainly faced by rural communities in the tropics/subtropics. Endocrinological disorders following snakebite (especially Russell's viper in India) are notably underrecognized and can lead to remarkable morbidity, poor quality of life, and cardiovascular mortality. Anterior pituitary insufficiency has been the most common ailment following Russell's viper envenomation amid those endocrinological dysfunctions.

In silico strategies to identify protein-protein interaction modulator in cell-to-cell transmission of SARS CoV2.

RNA sequence data from SARS CoV2 patients helps to construct a gene network related to this disease. A detailed analysis of the human host response to SARS CoV2 with expression profiling by high-throughput sequencing has been accomplished with primary human lung epithelial cell lines. Using this data, the clustered gene annotation and gene network construction are performed with the help of the String database.

A spintronic analog of the Landauer residual resistivity dipole on the surface of a topological insulator containing a line defect.

The Landauer 'residual resistivity dipole' is a well-known concept in electron transport through a disordered medium. It is formed when a defect/scatterer reflects an impinging electron causing negative charges to build up on one side of the scatterer and positive charges on the other. This charge imbalance results in the formation of a microscopic electric dipole that affects the electrical resistivity of the medium.

Steering restoration of coal mining degraded ecosystem to achieve sustainable development goal-13 (climate action): United Nations decade of ecosystem restoration (2021-2030).

For millennium, mining sector is a source not only of mineral extraction for industrialization, economic expansion, and urban sprawling, but also of socio-environmental concern. It, therefore, has been the central attention of the business and public policy sustainable development scheme for several years. Thus, gradually, mining industries are getting involved with the concerns such as carbon emissions mitigation and carbon accounting to govern a rhetorical shift towards "sustainable mining".

Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern, Clustering Mechanisms and Correlation Matrix of Drug-Resistant in Black Bengal Goats in West Bengal, India.

A cross-sectional study covering four agro-climatic zones of West Bengal, India, was carried out to understand the risk-factors, antimicrobial resistance mechanism and clustering of the resistance characteristics of Escherichia coli isolated from healthy (170) and diarrhoeic (74) goats reared under intensive (52) and semi-intensive (192) farming practices. Of the 488 E. coli isolates, the majority, including the extended spectrum (n: 64, 13.

A clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of primary and secondary breast angiosarcoma.

Background: We aimed to study the clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical (IHC) (CD117, c-Myc, and p53) characteristics, and overall survival of primary and secondary breast angiosarcoma (BAS).

Methods: This was a retrospective study of BAS cases diagnosed between 1997 and 2020 at our institution. Hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides were reviewed for tumor morphology, margin status, and lymph node metastasis.

Delocalized photonic deep learning on the internet's edge.

Advanced machine learning models are currently impossible to run on edge devices such as smart sensors and unmanned aerial vehicles owing to constraints on power, processing, and memory. We introduce an approach to machine learning inference based on delocalized analog processing across networks. In this approach, named Netcast, cloud-based "smart transceivers" stream weight data to edge devices, enabling ultraefficient photonic inference.

Photoresponsive Small Molecule Enzyme Mimics.

Enzyme mimics emulate the catalytic activities of their natural counterparts. Light-responsive enzyme mimics are an emerging branch of biomimetic chemistry where the catalytic activities can be controlled reversibly by light. These light-responsive systems are constructed by incorporating a suitable photoswitchable unit around the active-site mimic.

What is in a Meter? A Qualitative Exploration into the Implementation of Electricity Metering Across Mumbai Communities Using Normalisation Process Theory.

Unlabelled: Metering is fundamental in the efficient operation of electricity networks, as meters facilitate controlled usage and improve health and well-being. However, across the Global South, meters have often been found to be lacking or not fit for purpose. Therefore, this study sought to determine residents' perceptions and access to electricity metering across a community in Mumbai, with the goal of developing recommendations to support the implementation of meters in the future.

A phase field model combined with a genetic algorithm for polycrystalline hafnium zirconium oxide ferroelectrics.

Ferroelectric hafnium zirconium oxide (HZO) thin films show significant promise for applications in ferroelectric random-access memory devices, ferroelectric field-effect transistors, and ferroelectric tunneling junctions. However, there are shortcomings in understanding ferroelectric switching, which is crucial in the operation of these devices. Here a computational model based on the phase field method is developed to simulate the switching behavior of polycrystalline HZO thin films.

Novel Regulators of Macropinocytosis-Dependent Growth Revealed by Informer Set Library Screening in Pancreatic Cancer Cells.

Cancer cells utilize multiple nutrient scavenging mechanisms to support growth and survival in nutrient-poor, hypoxic tumor microenvironments. Among these mechanisms, macropinocytosis has emerged as an important pathway of extracellular nutrient acquisition in cancer cells, particularly in tumors with activated RAS signaling, such as pancreatic cancer. However, the absence of a clinically available inhibitor, as well as the gap of knowledge in macropinocytosis regulation, remain a hurdle for its use for cancer therapy.

Exploring the Dynamic Heterogeneity at the Interface of a Protein in Aqueous Ionic Liquid Solutions.

Room temperature molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the globular protein α-lactalbumin in aqueous solutions containing BMIM (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium) based ionic liquids (ILs) with a series of Hofmeister anions have been carried out. In particular, effects of anions of different shapes/sizes and hydrophobic/hydrophilic characters, namely, thiocyanate (SCN), dicyanamide (DCA), methyl sulfate (MS), triflate (TFO), and bis(trifluoromethane) sulfonimide (TFN) on the heterogeneous dynamic environment at the interface around the protein have been explored. The calculations revealed exchange of population between water and IL cation-anion components beyond the first layer of bound water molecules at the protein surface.

Clustering and optimising regional segregated resource allocation networks.

Policymakers and officials worldwide are making more stringent environmental norms and waste disposal policies to encourage industries to move towards cleaner production. One of the main challenges that industries face moving towards cleaner production is the adoption of different strategies for optimising their resource utilisation and waste reduction economically. This is particularly challenging for large-scale industries or a group of industrial plants located in an industrial region.

Estrogen receptor status has no prognostic relevance in metaplastic breast carcinoma.

Background: Metaplastic breast carcinoma (MBC) is a rare histologic variant of breast cancer characterized by the presence of glandular and non-glandular components. The prognostic significance of estrogen receptor (ER) status has been scarcely studied in these tumors. We therefore investigated the prognostic relevance of ER status in MBC within our patient population.

Ferroelectricity in a hydrogen-bonded alternating donor-acceptor supramolecular copolymer.

This communication reports synergistic H-bonding and charge-transfer (CT) interaction-promoted alternating supramolecular copolymerization of amide-functionalized pyrene (Py) and naphthalene-diimide (NDI) building blocks and the emergence of ferroelectricity with saturation polarization ∼3.2 μC cm, Curie temperature ∼304 K, and coercive field ∼8.5 kV cm at 100 Hz.