Empirical Bayes Methods, Evidentialism, and the Inferential Roles They Play.

Empirical Bayes-based Methods () is an increasingly popular form of Objective Bayesianism (). It is identified in particular with the statistician Bradley Efron. The main aims of this paper are, first, to describe and illustrate its main features and, second, to locate its role by comparing it with two other statistical paradigms, Subjective Bayesianism () and Evidentialism's main formal features are illustrated in some detail by schematic examples.

Rapid composting of groundnut residues through novel microbial consortium: Evaluating maturity, stability, and microbial activity.

A laboratory pot experiment (Experiment 1) was conducted to determine the optimal ratio of groundnut haulm and shell as composting substrates. The aim was to identify the most effective combination for rapid decomposition under conditions. The experiment was carried out in 2022, from May to July, using a completely randomized design (CRD) with 6 treatments that were replicated 4 times.

Effects of nonsurgical periodontal therapy on serum creatinine level in systemically healthy individuals with periodontitis: An interventional study.

Background: Several studies have suggested a relationship between periodontitis and serum creatinine levels. Both low and high serum creatinine levels have been reported in individuals with periodontitis. The impact of periodontal therapy on serum creatinine levels has not been fully investigated yet.

Association of minimum dietary diversity with anaemia among 6-59 months' children from rural India: An evidence from a cross-sectional study.

Introduction: Anaemia is one of the micronutrient deficiency disorders that have global public health implications. The present study aims to determine the association of minimum dietary diversity (MDD) with anaemia among children aged 6-59 months in rural North India.

Methods: In Rohtak (a north Indian city), a cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2018-19 (n = 266).

Modeling coarse-grained van der Waals interactions using dipole-coupled anisotropic quantum Drude oscillators.

The Quantum Drude Oscillator (QDO) model is a promising candidate for accurately calculating the van der Waals (vdW) interaction. Anisotropic QDO models have recently been used to represent quantum fluctuations of molecular fragments rather than that of single atoms. While this model promises accurate calculation of vdW energy, there is significant room for improvements, such as incorporating a proper fragmentation method, higher-order dispersion corrections, and so forth.

Matrix metalloproteinase-9-1562 C/T promoter gene polymorphism in chronic periodontitis: A cross-sectional observational study.

Background: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a major group of enzymes, released in inflamed periodontal tissues in large quantities, resulting in connective tissue matrix breakdown. One of the most predominant MMPs is MMP-9. Association between chronic periodontitis (CP) and MMP-9 gene polymorphism (GP) in some ethnic populations has been already established.

A simple fragment-based method for van der Waals corrections over density functional theory.

Modeling intermolecular noncovalent interactions between large molecules remains a challenge for the electron structure theory community due to the high cost. Fragment-based methods usually fare well in reducing the cost of computations in such systems. On the other hand, the interactions between quantum mechanical fluctuations of electron density can be modeled well by the interaction between atom-centered quantum Drude oscillators.

Expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in gingival tissue biopsy in patients with slowly/ moderately and rapidly progressing periodontitis: An observational study.

Background: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a group of host-derived zinc-dependent enzymes which mediates the destruction of the extracellular matrix. In periodontitis, there is excess production of MMPs associated with periodontal tissue destruction. The aim of this study was to estimate the level MMP-9 in both active and latent form in gingival tissue (GT) samples collected from periodontitis patients with different rates of progression and compare it with healthy individuals.

The Epistemology of a Positive SARS-CoV-2 Test.

We investigate the epistemological consequences of a positive polymerase chain reaction SARS-CoV test for two relevant hypotheses: (i) V is the hypothesis that an individual has been infected with SARS-CoV-2; (ii) C is the hypothesis that SARS-CoV-2 is the cause of flu-like symptoms in a given patient. We ask two fundamental epistemological questions regarding each hypothesis: First, how much confirmation does a positive test lend to each hypothesis? Second, how much evidence does a positive test provide for each hypothesis against its negation? We respond to each question within a formal Bayesian framework. We construe degree of confirmation as the difference between the posterior probability of the hypothesis and its prior, and the strength of evidence for a hypothesis against its alternative in terms of their likelihood ratio.

A randomized split mouth clinical study to compare the clinical outcomes of subepithelial connective graft and acellular dermal matrix in Miller's Class I recession coverage therapy.

Background: According to the American Association of Periodontology, subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG) is one the most reliable surgical technique available for the treatment of gingival recession (GR) with Miller's Class I defect. However, due to its various disadvantages, alternate grafts such as acellular dermal matrix (ADM) grafts have been introduced for recession coverage. The present study compares the clinical outcome of these two grafts in treating Miller's Class I GR.

Components of the interaction energy of the odd-electron halogen bond: an ab initio study.

In the realm of non-covalent interactions (NCI), the odd-electron halogen bond offers a fertile ground to explore the nature of such weak interactions. Here, an ab initio study of odd-electron halogen bonding (XB) is reported. The interactions of five radicals with several freons and interhalogens are studied using the Møller-Plesset (MP2) method.

Unraveling the regioselectivity of odd electron halogen bond formation using electrophilicity index and chemical hardness parameters.

Odd electron halogen bonding of freons with five different free radicals have been investigated using M06-2X/6-311G++(d,p). Conceptual density functional theory parameters such as Fukui functions, electrophilicity index and chemical hardness have been utilised to examine the regioselectivity and strength of free radical induced halogen bonding. The strong electrophilic radical Cl˙ forms three-electron bonds upon interacting with the nucleophilic ring surrounding the sigma hole or fk- regions.

Non-covalent interactions between epinephrine and nitroaromatic compounds: A DFT study.

Here, we present a density functional theory (DFT) study of hydrogen bonding and π-π stacking interactions between epinephrine and different aromatic nitro-compounds in gas phase as well as in methanol solvent. Detail investigations of hydrogen bonding and π-π interactions are performed and confirmed on the basis of theoretical IR spectra, natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis, non-covalent interaction (NCI), chemical reactivity descriptors and electronic spectra. Among different functionals used for the calculation, the results obtained from ωB97XD functional are found to be more suitable to describe the hydrogen bonding and π-π stacking phenomenon for our considered systems.

Application of Bayesian evidence synthesis to modelling the effect of ketogenic therapy on survival of high grade glioma patients.

Background: Ketogenic therapy in the form of ketogenic diets or calorie restriction has been proposed as a metabolic treatment of high grade glioma (HGG) brain tumors based on mechanistic reasoning obtained mainly from animal experiments. Given the paucity of clinical studies of this relatively new approach, our goal is to extrapolate evidence from the greater number of animal studies and synthesize it with the available human data in order to estimate the expected effects of ketogenic therapy on survival in HGG patients. At the same time we are using this analysis as an example for demonstrating how Bayesianism can be applied in the spirit of a circular view of evidence.

Estimation of interleukin-18 in the gingival crevicular fluid and serum of Bengali population with periodontal health and disease.

Context: Host's immune response elicits cytokines in response to bacterial challenge. We explore role of one such cytokine interleukin-18 (IL-18) in periodontal health and disease.

Aims: IL-18 is a pro-inflammatory and tumor suppressive cytokine.

Aggressive periodontitis: An appraisal of systemic effects on its etiology-genetic aspect.

Background: Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a lysosomal enzyme found in the azurophilic granules of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and is able to mediate inflammatory tissue destruction in aggressive and chronic periodontitis (CP). Human telomerase is a multi subunit ribonucleoprotein enzyme concerned with telomeric lengthening and homeostasis in man and has been found to be elevated in inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and periodontitis. The aim of this study was to explore in aggressive periodontitis (AP) subjects: (i) The role of MPO-463G/A gene polymorphism and (ii) the level of telomerase expression.

Telomerase expression in individuals with chronic and aggressive periodontitis.

Background: The aim of this study is to evaluate the expression of human telomerase reverse transcription (hTERT) enzyme in chronic periodontitis (CP) and aggressive periodontitis (AgP) compared with healthy individuals.

Methods: A total of 79 individuals consented to participate in the study. The study sample comprised healthy individuals (n = 30), patients with CP (n = 30), and patients with AgP (n = 19).

Cryosurgery by tetrafluoroethane: An answer to black gums.

To highlight the effect of 1,1,1,2 tetrafluoroethane (TFE), a new material for cryosurgery of gingival melanin pigmentation (GMP). Five patients were treated using a TFE-cooled swab and the pre- and post-treatment photographs were compared. Complete keratinization took place in 3-4 weeks after application without any trace of pigmentation.

A huge epidermoid cyst endangering life.

Epidermoid cyst of the neck or auricular area are relatively more common than that of the oral cavity. In most cases about 80% they remain asymptomatic. But in about 20% cases it becomes painful because of secondary infection seeking treatment.

Management of amlodipine-induced gingival enlargement: Series of three cases.

Gingival enlargement is one of the side effects associated with certain drugs. Amlodipine, a calcium channel blocker, used as antihypertensive drug has been found associated with gingival hyperplasia. This case series presents diagnosis and management of amlodipine-induced gingival hyperplasia.