[Fetal pulse oximetry sub partu: on morbidity of infection and acceptance in intrapartum monitoring].

156 mothers and their newborns (Group A), whose deliveries were monitored using cardiotocography and fetal pulse oximetry, were investigated during and after delivery regarding amnioninfection as well as changes in morbidity und compared to matched controls (Group B). The parameters observed were temperature during labor and delivery and after delivery, infection parameters of mother and baby, bacterial smears of the vagina before placement of the oximetry sensor and smears of the sensor tip when the evaluation was concluded. An amnioninfection syndrome was registered twice in group A and three times in control group B.

Use of small fragment restriction endonuclease analysis (SF-REA) for epidemiological fingerprinting of Klebsiella oxytoca.

A group of infections caused by Klebsiella oxytoca was observed among preterm neonates in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of a pediatric hospital in Osnabrück, Germany. The presence of unique antimicrobial susceptibility patterns among the bacterial isolates prompted an investigation to determine whether a limited spread of one single strain existed. All 4 K.

Genotyping of Staphylococcus epidermidis by small-fragment restriction endonuclease analysis and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of genomic restriction fragments.

Small-fragment restriction endonuclease analysis (SF-REA) was established as a typing tool for Staphylococcus epidermidis. A total of 60 isolates comprising 48 epidemiologically nonrelated strains and 12 putatively linked isolates from 7 patients in 2 wards were analyzed. Nonrelated isolates were characterized by unique fingerprints when DNA was cleaved with EcoRI or ClaI, electrophoretically separated in a polyacrylamide gel, and silver stained.

Molecular typing of Enterobacter cloacae by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of genomic restriction fragments.

Eleven multiply resistant Enterobacter cloacae isolates were obtained from eight preterm neonates in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of one hospital in Osnabrück, together with one sensitive strain from another infant. The presence of similar antibiograms and biotypes in 11 isolates prompted further characterization of the isolates by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of NotI generated genomic restriction fragments. For assessment of the discriminatory power of this typing method 50 non-related strains were included in the study.

Epidemiological fingerprinting of Enterobacter cloacae by small-fragment restriction endonuclease analysis and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of genomic restriction fragments.

A cluster of infections caused by Enterobacter cloacae was observed among preterm neonates in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of a pediatric hospital in Osnabrück, Germany. The presence of similar antimicrobial susceptibility patterns among the bacterial isolates prompted an investigation to determine whether a limited spread of a single strain existed. All 12 E.

Subtyping of Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 isolates by small-fragment restriction endonuclease analysis.

Whole cell DNA of Legionella pneumophila isolates was examined by small-fragment restriction endonuclease analysis (SF-REA). Fourteen serogroup 1 isolates from tap water in one hospital collected before and after eradication measures had been taken were compared with control strains of serogroup 1 and other serogroups that were not epidemiologically linked. DNA was digested with EcoRI and electrophoresed on polyacrylamide gels.

Epidemiological fingerprinting of Klebsiella pneumoniae by small-fragment-restriction-endonuclease-analysis (SF-REA).

Epidemiological fingerprinting of Klebsiella pneumoniae was performed by restriction endonuclease analysis (REA) of whole cell DNA. 11 isolates from 4 patients in an intensive care unit and 80 unrelated strains were examined in this study. DNA was cleaved with restriction endonuclease EcoR I, electrophoresed on 10% polyacrylamide gels, and restriction fragment patterns were visualized by silver staining.

Application of small fragment restriction endonuclease analysis (SF-REA) to the epidemiological fingerprinting of Staphylococcus aureus.

Total cell DNA of 14 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus from patients of an intensive care unit (ICU) and 180 unrelated strains was examined by restriction endonuclease analysis (REA). EcoRI-generated DNA fragments were either subjected to conventional REA on agarose gels and stained with ethidium bromide or separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and visualised by silver staining (SF-REA). Both methods were compared for inter-strain discriminatory ability, reproducibility and handling.

Selection and isolation of a new variant of DBA/2 mastocytoma P 815 X 2.

A tumor model was developed in DBA/2 mice for studying the progression of the mastocytoma P 815 X 2 tumor. Tumor cells obtained from ascites were grown in vitro. The number of cells derived from a single clone was increased by in vitro culture.

Differential expression of endogenous sugar-binding proteins (lectins) in murine tumor model systems with metastatic capacity.

In order to investigate possible differences in sugar binding activities of strongly versus weakly metastatic tumors, sugar-binding molecules (endogenous lectins) of murine tumor cells differing in metastatic capacity were analyzed by affinity chromatography on supports with immobilized sugars or glycoproteins and compared. After elution with specific sugar in the absence of Ca2+-ions, the proteins were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis. In comparison to a weakly metastatic subline (Eb) spontaneous strongly metastatic variants (ESb) of a murine lymphoma contained additional sugar receptors for N-acetylglucosamine (Mr 30 kDa) and maltose (Mr 64 kDa, 62 kDa, 54 kDa and 32 kDa), and lacked one sugar receptor for myoinositol (Mr 85 kDa), N-acetylglucosamine (Mr 23 kDa) and maltose (Mr 22 kDa), respectively.

[Diagnostic validity of CEA determination in metastasizing breast cancer].

The diagnostic validity of serial CEA determinations in metastatic breast cancer was investigated. First, the CEA values within 8 weeks after start of therapy were correlated with the response to therapy. Second, the CEA levels were used to predict progression after remission or stable disease.

The clinical significance of tissue polypeptide antigen in breast cancer patients.

TPA levels in patients with primary or metastatic breast cancer were determined. The rate of TPA elevations in patients with local recurrence and metastatic breast cancer was determined from follow-up studies. The control group included healthy persons and patients with benign diseases of the breast.

Cytostatic effect of gangliosides present in the membrane of macrophages.

Stimulated macrophages are known to inhibit the growth of certain tumor cells. Using mouse peritoneal exudates as a source of macrophages and the mastocytoma cell line P815 as the target, the inhibition was found to depend on direct contact between the macrophages and the growing cells. Cytostatic activities were detected in extracts of macrophages as well as in membranes of macrophages bound to substances of low molecular weight.

Metastatic breast cancer with constantly low CEA blood levels. A subgroup with unfavorable prognosis?

The capability of breast cancer to secrete CEA might have biological significance. In 105 patients with metastatic breast cancer serial CEA determinations and clinical follow-up data were available during progression of disease up to death. In this series, 39 patients (37%) had constantly low CEA levels (less than 10 ng/ml), whereas 66 patients (63%) showed CEA values exceeding 10 ng/ml with progression.

[Determination of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) for predicting the success of therapy in metastatic breast cancer].

In 53 patients with metastatic breast cancer and increased CEA serum levels (greater than 10 micrograms/l) the CEA titer within the first 8 weeks after commencement of chemotherapy was compared with results of therapy. Among 30 patients in whom CEA values had decreased by at least 30% of pretreatment values 12 showed remission, 15 no change and 3 progression of the malignancy. Among 23 patients with unchanged or increasing CEA values during therapy 19 had progression, 3 an arrest and one a remission of the disease.

Abnormal lysozyme production of peritoneal macrophages from mastocytoma P-815 bearing C3D2F1-mice.

Sodium thioglycollate-induced peritoneal macrophages from C3D2F1 mice were examined for their ability to produce and secrete lysozyme in vitro. Lysozyme was quantitated by use of a "lysoplate assay", in which lyophilized Micrococcus lysodeicticus suspended in agar were lysed by the enzyme. The ability to secrete lysozyme decreased in mice bearing a subcutaneous or intraperitoneal mastocytoma P-815 with progressive tumour growth.

Cytostatic effect of macrophages from non-immunised mice on mastocytoma P-815 cells in vitro.

Peritoneal macrophages from non-immunised C57/bl, C3H, and DBA/2 mice were examined for their capability of inhibiting the growth of mastocytoma P-815 cells in vitro. The rate of tumour cell growth was measured by the uptake of 125IUDR into the DNA of the tumor cells. Sodium thioglycollate-induced macrophages as well as resident macrophages inhibited the growth of allogeneic tumor cells distinctly, when incubated for 48 h.

[Mononuclear phagocytes in tumors: differentiation by a rosette technique (author's transl)].

Mononuclear phagocytes in tumors cannot be reliably identified and quantified using morphological criteria alone. For this reason an alternative method, which depends on functional properties is described: Macrophages and monocytes derived from tumors from rosettes with antibody-coated sheep red blood cells and can thereby easily be detected and differentiated from tumor cells.

An immunoperoxidase method for the identification of B lymphocytes by light microscopy.

Peroxidase-conjugated anti-human immunoglobulin was used to determine the percentage of B lymphocytes in the mononuclear cell fraction of peripheral blood of 100 healthy persons (blood donors). Peroxidase activity was revealed by incubation with the usual mixture of 3'3 diaminobenzidine and hydrogen peroxide. Cells which were peroxidase-positive after incubation with benzidine solution alone were considered to be monocytes.

[Herpes simplex causing a therapy-resistant panaritium (author's transl)].

In an eight-month-old child an inflammation developed in the region of the nail bed of the right middle finger. It showed no improvement after immobilisation, extraction of the nail and antibiotics. After ten months unsuccessful treatment electron microscopy of the inflammatory tissue showed numerous Herpes simplex viruses.

Monocytosis associated with the growth of transplanted syngeneic rat sarcomata differing in immunogenicity.

The effect of the growth of two syngeneic transplanted sarcomata of widely differing biological properties on the number of monocytes in the blood of rats was measured (1) by binding of a specific antimacrophage serum to leucocytes, and (2) by sedimenting in a density gradient rosettes between mononuclear cells and antibody-coated sheep red cells under conditions in which B-cells are not brought down. For the 4 syngeneic sarcomata studied there was a progressive increase in the number of monocytes with tumour growth and the values returned to normal a few days after their surgical removal. The extent of monocytosis was related to the immunogenicity of the tumour and was most pronounced for the HSBPA sarcoma, which is highly immunogenic, has a low rate of spontaneous metastasis and contains many macrophages, and least for the MC-3 sarcoma which is essentially non-immunogenic, invariably gives rise to distant metastases and contains only about 8% macrophages.

Induction and in Vitro demonstration of cellular immunity to DNA and RNA viruses in guinea-pigs.

Guinea-pigs were immunized with different cells infected with vaccinia virus, herpes simplex virus type 1, herpesvirus saimiri, and the virus of vesicular stomatitis. Development of cellular immunity against these viruses was observed with transformation of blood and spleen lymphocytes and with the migration inhibition test using peritoneal exudate cells. Cellular immunity against vaccinia virus was first seen 6 days after the inoculation of cell-bound vaccinia virus by lymphocyte transformation.