Plastic bronchitis in an adult.

Plastic bronchitis is rare in adult pulmonology and has a wide range of aetiology. Cast analysis is key in narrowing down the differential diagnosis of plastic bronchitis. If suspected of having lymphocytic PB, complete imaging to evaluate thoracic lymphatics is important to find out the potential causes for PB.

Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita causing hypercapnic respiratory failure and airway obstruction in an adult patient.

This case highlights arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) as a rare cause of hypercapnoeic respiratory failure and airway obstruction in adults and emphasizes the usage of leak-port in tracheostomy-NIV (non-invasive-ventilation) specially in resource poor setting when the tracheostomy-NIV mask is unavailable.

Unilateral pulmonary agenesis with ipsilateral facial congenital anomalies in an adult with obstructive airway disease.

Pulmonary agenesis is a rare congenital anomaly which can be isolated or co-exist with other developmental defects. Boyden et al has described three degrees of mal development of lung which include agenesis, hypoplasia and aplasia. Almost all the reported cases are in paediatric age group patients while, adults with pulmonary developmental abnormalities are sparsely documented in the literature.

Exploring bilateral pneumothorax leading to a rare diagnosis in a young lady.

Bilateral pneumothorax is a rare occurrence and vigilant clinical examination is mandatory to suspect that during the presentation. This case illustrates a young lady presented with bilateral pneumothorax, new identification of lung cysts and chylous pleural effusion leading to diagnosis of lymphangioleiomyomatosis.

Mucormycosis-causing fungi in humans: a meta-analysis establishing the phylogenetic relationships using internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences.

Mucormycosis is a severe angio-invasive fungal infection caused by mucormycetes, a group of fungi that are ubiquitous in the environment. The incidence of mucormycosis has been surging rapidly due to the global corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The complete picture of the causative fungi associated with mucormycosis and their phylogenetic relationships are not well defined.

Synbiotic skin extract and K12 inhibit species biofilm formation.

This study aimed to determine the effect of synbiotic skin extract (MASE) and K12 (K12) on species biofilm formation. Liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight (LC-Q-TOF-MS) was conducted to characterize MASE. To determine the effect of synbiotic on biofilm, 200 µL of RPMI-1640 containing , K12, and MASE were pipetted into the same well and incubated at 37 °C for 72 h.

Emerging strategies for environmental decontamination of the nosocomial fungal pathogen .

is a recently emerged multidrug-resistant fungal pathogen that causes life-threatening infections to the human population worldwide. Recent rampant outbreaks of in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, together with outbreaks in over 45 countries, highlight its threat to patients and healthcare economies. Unlike other pathogenic species, is capable of surviving in abiotic surfaces of healthcare facilities for prolonged periods, leading to increased risk of transmission within nosocomial settings.

Design and construction of a low cost air purifier for killing harmful airborne microorganisms using a combination of a strong multi-directional electric-field and an ultra violet light.

In this work we have designed and developed a low cost and simple instrument to purify air in an enclosure. The device sucks up the air in the enclosed area, kills the microorganisms and let clean air flow out. A combination of an ultra violet light and an electric field are used to kill the microorganisms in air.

Orofacial Mycoses in Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19): A Systematic Review.

Objectives: Studies reviewing orofacial mycoses in coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection are sparse. Here we review the major oral and maxillofacial mycoses of COVID-19, the associated comorbidities, and the probable precipitating factors.

Methods: English-language manuscripts published between March 2020 and October 2021 were searched using PubMed, OVID, SCOPUS, and Web of Science databases, using appropriate keywords.

Nitrogen doped titanium dioxide as an aesthetic antimicrobial filler in dental polymers.

Objective: To develop an aesthetic resin composite using a nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide (NTiO) filler that possesses antimicrobial properties against cariogenic bacteria.

Methods: N-TiO powder was manufactured by calcining commercial TiO with urea. Free radical release from the N-TiO powder under visible light irradiation was analysed using UV-Vis spectrophotometry.

Growth Inhibitory Effects of Antimicrobial Natural Products against Cariogenic and Health-Associated Oral Bacterial Species.

Purpose: This study investigated whether selected natural products could specifically target the growth of a caries-associated bacterial species (Streptococcus mutans) without affecting the viability of a health-associated oral commensal bacterial species (Streptococcus sanguinis).

Materials And Methods: Agar diffusion assays were used to screen the natural products for bacterial-growth inhibitory effects and the diameters of the inhibitory zones for the two bacterial species compared. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the natural products that showed growth inhibitory effects were determined using the broth microdilution method.

An Intelligent Gesture Classification Model for Domestic Wheelchair Navigation with Gesture Variance Compensation.

Elderly and disabled population is rapidly increasing. It is important to uplift their living standards by improving the confidence towards daily activities. Navigation is an important task, most elderly and disabled people need assistance with.

Fluconazole resistance in Candida albicans is induced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum sensing.

Microorganisms employ quorum sensing (QS) mechanisms to communicate with each other within microbial ecosystems. Emerging evidence suggests that intraspecies and interspecies QS plays an important role in antimicrobial resistance in microbial communities. However, the relationship between interkingdom QS and antimicrobial resistance is largely unknown.

A novel, quorum sensor-infused liposomal drug delivery system suppresses Candida albicans biofilms.

In contrast to the plethora of antibacterial agents, only a handful of antifungals are currently available to treat Candida albicans biofilm-associated infections. Additional novel antibiofilm strategies to eliminate C. albicans biofilm infections are needed.

Randomized Controlled Study to Evaluate Microbial Ecological Effects of CPP-ACP and Cranberry on Dental Plaque.

Introduction: Ecological approaches to dental caries prevention play a key role in attaining long-term control over the disease and maintaining a symbiotic oral microbiome.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the microbial ecological effects of 2 interventional dentifrices: a casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) dentifrice and the same dentifrice supplemented with a polyphenol-rich cranberry extract.

Methods: The interventional toothpastes were compared with each other and with an active control fluoride dentifrice in a double-blinded randomized controlled trial.

Casein Phosphopeptide-Amorphous Calcium Phosphate Attenuates Virulence and Modulates Microbial Ecology of Saliva-Derived Polymicrobial Biofilms.

Background: Casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) acts as a salivary biomimetic that provides bioavailable calcium and phosphate ions to augment fluoride-mediated remineralisation of early caries lesions. However, there are indications that it may also have beneficial ecological effects on the oral microbiome.

Objective: This in vitro study investigated whether CPP-ACP could influence microbial counts, acidogenicity, and the relative abundance of specific caries- and health-associated bacterial -species in polymicrobial biofilms.

Viral, bacterial, and fungal infections of the oral mucosa: Types, incidence, predisposing factors, diagnostic algorithms, and management.

For millions of years, microbiota residing within us, including those in the oral cavity, coexisted in a harmonious symbiotic fashion that provided a quintessential foundation for human health. It is now clear that disruption of such a healthy relationship leading to microbial dysbiosis causes a wide array of infections, ranging from localized, mild, superficial infections to deep, disseminated life-threatening diseases. With recent advances in research, diagnostics, and improved surveillance we are witnessing an array of emerging and re-emerging oral infections and orofacial manifestations of systemic infections.

Effect of polyphenol-rich cranberry extracts on cariogenic biofilm properties and microbial composition of polymicrobial biofilms.

Objective: To investigate the effect of cranberry extracts on saliva-derived polymicrobial biofilms with regards to biofilm biomass, acidogenicity, exopolysaccharide (EPS)/microbial biovolumes, colony forming unit (CFU) counts, and the relative abundance of specific caries- and health-associated bacteria.

Methods: Saliva-derived polymicrobial biofilms were grown for 96 h in a cariogenic environment and treated for 2 min every 12 h over the entire biofilm growth period with 500 μg/mL cranberry extract or vehicle control. The effect of the cranberry extract on biofilm behaviour was evaluated using different assays and its influence on key cariogenic and health-associated bacterial populations was assessed with a microarray real-time quantitative PCR method.

Polyphenol-Rich Cranberry Extracts Modulate Virulence of Biofilms Implicated in the Pathogenesis of Early Childhood Caries.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of polyphenol-rich cranberry extracts on dual-species biofilms implicated in contributing to the severity of early childhood caries. biofilms were grown on saliva-coated hydroxyapatite discs (s-HA) mounted on the high-throughput Amsterdam Active Attachment model. The s-HA discs were treated with the cranberry extracts/vehicle control for five minutes just before biofilm growth and subsequently, for similar exposure times, after 12 hours and 24 hours of biofilm growth.

Inhibitory effects of fruit berry extracts on Streptococcus mutans biofilms.

Dark-colored fruit berries are a rich source of polyphenols that could provide innovative bioactive molecules as natural weapons against dental caries. High-quality extracts of cranberry, blueberry, and strawberry, and a combination of the three berry extracts (Orophenol), were used to treat 24-h-old Streptococcus mutans biofilms. The grown biofilms were treated with the berry extracts at concentrations ranging from 62.

Oxidative stress in the oral cavity is driven by individual-specific bacterial communities.

The term "bacterial dysbiosis" is being used quite extensively in metagenomic studies, however, the identification of harmful bacteria often fails due to large overlap between the bacterial species found in healthy volunteers and patients. We hypothesized that the pathogenic oral bacteria are individual-specific and they correlate with oxidative stress markers in saliva which reflect the inflammatory processes in the oral cavity. Temporally direct and lagged correlations between the markers and bacterial taxa were computed individually for 26 volunteers who provided saliva samples during one month (21.

Biodiversity of the human oral mycobiome in health and disease.

The organisms that colonize the human body over a lifetime are diverse, extensive and gargantuan. A fair proportion of the microbiota that constitutes this human microbiome live within our oral cavities mostly as harmonious associates causing only sporadic disease. An important core constituent of the microbiome is the mycobiome, representing various fungal genera.

Effects of tea extracts on the colonization behaviour of species: attachment inhibition and biofilm enhancement.

We assessed the effects of four different types of tea extracts (green, oolong, black and pu-erh tea) on cellular surface properties (hydrophobicity and auto-aggregation) and the colonization attributes (attachment and biofilm formation) of four strains of and three strains of . The cellular surface properties were determined using spectrophotometry. The colonization activities were quantified using colorimetric viability assays and visualized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM).