Performance evaluation of various evapotranspiration modeling scenarios based on METRIC method and climatic indexes.

Evapotranspiration (ET) is one of the most important factors controlling hydrologic, agricultural, and weather cycles. It also converts a large portion of rainfall into vapor, being known as the largest water flux from the earth into the atmosphere. Since ET is affected by many factors, such as land surface characteristics and climatic conditions, it undergoes considerable spatiotemporal variations, particularly at the watershed scale.

Optimal Wastewater Loading under Conflicting Goals and Technology Limitations in a Riverine System.

  This paper investigates a novel simulation-optimization (S-O) framework for identifying optimal treatment levels and treatment processes for multiple wastewater dischargers to rivers. A commonly used water quality simulation model, Qual2K, was linked to a Genetic Algorithm optimization model for exploration of relevant fuzzy objective-function formulations for addressing imprecision and conflicting goals of pollution control agencies and various dischargers. Results showed a dynamic flow dependence of optimal wastewater loading with good convergence to near global optimum.

Relationship between benthic macroinvertebrate bio-indices and physicochemical parameters of water: a tool for water resources managers.

The ecosystem health of rivers downstream of dams is among the issues that has become focus of attention of many researchers particularly in the recent years. This paper aims to deal with the question, how the environmental health of a river ecosystem can be addressed in water resources planning and management studies. In this study, different parameters affecting the ecosystem of river-reservoir systems, as well as various biological components of river ecosystems have been studied and among them, benthic macro-invertebrates have been selected.

Developing a master plan for hospital solid waste management: a case study.

Disposal of about 1750tons of solid wastes per day is the result of a rapid population growth in the province of Khuzestan in the south west of Iran. Most of these wastes, especially hospital solid wastes which have contributed to the pollution of the environment in the study area, are not properly managed considering environmental standards and regulations. In this paper, the framework of a master plan for managing hospital solid wastes is proposed considering different criteria which are usually used for evaluating the pollution of hospital solid waste loads.