The characteristics of autolysins associated with cell separation in .

The peptidoglycan hydrolases responsible for the cell separation of cells are collectively referred to as autolysins. However, the role of each autolysin in the cell separation of is not fully understood. In this study, we constructed a series of cell separation-associated autolysin deficient strains and strains overexpressing the transcription factors SlrR and SinR, and the morphological changes of these strains in liquid culture were observed.

Metal-organic polymer enables efficient organic photoelectrochemical transistor biosensing.

The field of organic photoelectrochemical transistor (OPECT) is newly emerged, with increasing efforts attempting to utilize its properties in biological sensing. Advanced materials with new physicochemical properties have proven important to this end. Herein, we report a metal-organic polymers-gated OPECT biosensing exemplified by Cu-arylacetylide polymers (CuAs)-modulated poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) channel.

Force-Directed Graph Layouts Revisited: A New Force Based on the T-Distribution.

In this article, we propose the t-FDP model, a force-directed placement method based on a novel bounded short-range force (t-force) defined by Student's t-distribution. Our formulation is flexible, exerts limited repulsive forces for nearby nodes and can be adapted separately in its short- and long-range effects. Using such forces in force-directed graph layouts yields better neighborhood preservation than current methods, while maintaining low stress errors.

Alkaline Phosphatase-Mediated Bioetching of CoOOH/BiVO for Signal-On Organic Photoelectrochemical Transistor Bioanalysis.

Organic photoelectrochemical transistor (OPECT) bioanalytics has recently appeared as a promising route for biological measurements, which has major implications in both next-generation photoelectrochemical (PEC) bioanalysis and futuristic biorelated implementations. Via biological dissociation of materials, bioetching is a useful technique for bio-manufacturing and bioanalysis. The intersection of these two domains is expected to be a possible way to achieve innovative OPECT bioanalytics.

Biological modulating organic photoelectrochemical transistor through in situ enzymatic engineering of photoactive gate for sensitive detection of serum alkaline phosphatase.

Innovative optoelectronics are expected to play more important role in clinical diagnosis. In this study, on the basis of sensitive gating effect by in situ enzymatic functionalization of semiconductors, a novel organic photoelectrochemical transistor (OPECT) detection of serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level was demonstrated. Specifically, the OPECT detection operates upon the ALP-catalyzed hydrolysis of sodium thiophosphate to yield hydrogen sulfide (HS), which could in situ generate CdS on the TiO electrode in the presence of Cd cations.

Semiconducting metal-organic framework derivatives-gated organic photoelectrochemical transistor immunoassay.

Metal-organic framework (MOF) derivatives with unique physicochemical and electronic properties have seen a tremendous growth in diverse applications. Organic optobioelectronics have long been pursued in modern electronics for next-generation bio-relevant implementations. The intersection of these two disciplines could be an appealing way to pursue better performance of materials and devices.

Tuning the Surface Molecular Charge of Organic Photoelectrochemical Transistors with Significantly Improved Signal Resolution: A General Strategy toward Sensitive Bioanalysis.

Nature makes use of molecular charges to operate specific biological synthesis and reactions. Targeting advanced opto-bioelectronic sensors, organic photoelectrochemical transistors (OPECTs), taking advantage of the light fuel substituting an external gate potential, is now debuting and expected to serve as a universal platform for studying the rich light-biomatter interplay for new bioanalytics. Given the ubiquity of charged biomolecules in nature, molecular charge manipulation should underpin a generic route for innovative OPECT regulation and operation, which nevertheless has remained unachieved.

Construction of a mutant Bacillus subtilis strain for high purity poly-γ-glutamic acid production.

Objective: To construct a Bacillus subtilis strain for improved purity of poly-γ-glutamic acid.

Results: The construction of strain GH16 was achieved by knocking out five genes encoding extracellular proteins and an operon from Bacillus subtilis G423. We then analyzed the amount of protein impurities in the γ-PGA produced by the resulting strain GH16/pHPG, which decreased from 1.

Comparison of the Unfolded Protein Response in Cellobiose Utilization of Recombinant Angel- and W303-1A-Derived Yeast Expressing β-Glucosidase.

The unfolded protein response (UPR) is one of the most important protein quality control mechanisms in cells. At least, three factors are predicted to activate the UPR in yeast cells during fermentation. Using UPRE-Z as a reporter, we constructed two indicator strains, KZ and WZ, based on Angel-derived K-a and W303-1A strains, respectively, and investigated their UPR response to tunicamycin, ethanol, and acetic acid.

Clinical implementation of RNA sequencing for Mendelian disease diagnostics.

Background: Lack of functional evidence hampers variant interpretation, leaving a large proportion of individuals with a suspected Mendelian disorder without genetic diagnosis after whole genome or whole exome sequencing (WES). Research studies advocate to further sequence transcriptomes to directly and systematically probe gene expression defects. However, collection of additional biopsies and establishment of lab workflows, analytical pipelines, and defined concepts in clinical interpretation of aberrant gene expression are still needed for adopting RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) in routine diagnostics.

Biallelic -Variants Leading to Developmental Regression With Progressive Spasticity and Brain Atrophy in a Chinese Patient.

Objective: The cytochrome c oxidase assembly factor 7 ( gene encodes a protein localized to mitochondria that is involved in the assembly of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex IV. Here, we report the clinical, genetic and biochemical analysis of a female patient with suspected mitochondrial disorder and novel variants in , that presented with a considerably different phenotype and age of onset than the five patients reported to date.

Methods: We performed trio-exome sequencing in the affected patient and both parents.

Case Report: Diagnosis of Human Alveolar Echinococcosis via Next-Generation Sequencing Analysis.

Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a rare parasitic disease caused by the infection of . AE may mimic malignancy both in clinical presentation and radiological imaging, which is often misdiagnosed as metastatic tumor. Recently, next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies are increasingly being used to address a diverse range of biological questions.

Muscular pathological features in patients with myasthenia gravis.

Objective: To analyze muscle histopathology of myasthenia gravis (MG) patients and further explore the underlying mechanism comparing with previous literature.

Materials And Methods: We analyzed the clinicopathological features of 8 MG patients who had muscle biopsy examinations.

Results: Eight patients with a diagnosis of MG were retrospectively recruited from the Chinese PLA General Hospital.

Enzymatic photoelectrochemical bioassay based on hierarchical CdS/NiO heterojunction for glucose determination.

The design and development of a 3D hierarchical CdS/NiO heterojunction and its application in a self-powered cathodic photoelectrochemical (PEC) bioanalysis is introduced. Specifically, NiO nanoflakes (NFs) were in situ formed on carbon fibers via a facile liquid-phase deposition method followed by an annealing step and subsequent integration with CdS quantum dots (QDs). The glucose oxidase (GOx) was then coated on the photocathode to allow the determination of glucose.

A novel homozygous mutation in ATP13A2 gene causing pure hereditary spastic paraplegia.

SPG78 is a subtype of hereditary spastic paraplegia(HSP) caused by ATP13A2 gene mutations. SPG78 was reported as complicated HSP in several cases, but was never associated with pure HSP. Here we report the first Chinese patient carrying a novel homozygous nonsense mutation in ATP13A2 presenting with pure HSP.

Whole genome and exome sequencing identify mutations as a new cause of progressive cavitating leukoencephalopathy.

Background: Progressive cavitating leukoencephalopathy (PCL) is thought to result from mutations in nuclear genes affecting mitochondrial function and energy metabolism. To date, mutations in two subunits of complex I, and , have been reported to be related to PCL.

Methods: Patients underwent clinical examinations, brain MRI, skin biopsy and muscle biopsy.

Muscular pathological features in patients with Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome associated with small cell lung carcinoma.

Aims: Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) is a kind of autoimmune disease of the neuromuscular junction that is often misdiagnosed as a peripheral nerve disease or myopathy. For some difficult cases, muscle biopsy examination is useful for differential diagnosis. However, studies about the pathological findings of LEMS patients are rare, especially of patients who were diagnosed with small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC).

A Case of Myotonic Dystrophy Type I With Rimmed Vacuoles in Skeletal Muscle Pathology.

Dystrophia myotonica type 1 (DM1) and DM2 are the most common muscular dystrophies. In both diseases, the skeletal muscle is the most severely affected. Additional symptoms are also involved in the eye, heart, brain, endocrine glands, gastrointestinal tract, skin, skeleton, and peripheral nerves.

Novel GNE mutations in three Chinese patients with typical GNE myo-pathy.

GNE myopathy is an adult-onset muscle disorder featuring distal muscle atrophy and weakness. Rimmed vacuoles found in the muscle biopsies and gene mutations lead to the diagnosis of GNE myopathy. We collected clinical information, performed muscle biopsies and genetic testing on three patients.

Improve uridine production by modifying related metabolic pathways in Bacillus subtilis.

Objectives: The metabolic pathway related to uridine production was modified in Bacillus subtilis in order to increase the production of uridine.

Results: Decreasing the relative transcriptional level of pur operon in Bacillus subtilis TD300 to 80%, and the production of the derived strain TD312 was increased to 11.81 g uridine/l and the yield was increased to 270 mg uridine/g glucose.