Empowering the Community to Manage Diabetes Better: An Integrated Partnership-Based Model.

Context: Rising number of diabetes cases in India calls for collaboration between the public and private sectors.

Aims: Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai (MCGM) partnered with Eli Lilly and Company (India) [Eli Lilly] to strengthen the capacity of their diabetes clinics.

Materials And Methods: Medical Officers, dispensaries and Assistant Medical Officers (AMOs) located at attached health posts were trained on an educational tool, Diabetes Conversation Map™ (DCM) by a Master Trainer.

Alarming levels of drug-resistant tuberculosis in HIV-infected patients in metropolitan Mumbai, India.

Background: Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) is a looming threat to tuberculosis control in India. However, no countrywide prevalence data are available. The burden of DR-TB in HIV-co-infected patients is likewise unknown.

Incremental yield in sputum smear positivity by examining a second early morning sputum specimen in follow-up patients on DOTS: 7 year analysis of RNTCP laboratory register.

Background: Patients receiving DOTS undergo periodic follow-up sputum examination, which aids in monitoring response to treatment. Continued or new smear positivity at follow up examination entails extension of intensive phase or change in treatment category and the need for culture and drug susceptibility test.

Setting: Tuberculosis microscopy centre at a tertiary care teaching hospital, Mumbai, India.

Strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from western Maharashtra, India, exhibit a high degree of diversity and strain-specific associations with drug resistance, cavitary disease, and treatment failure.

We performed spoligotyping of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from 833 systematically sampled pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) patients in urban Mumbai, India (723 patients), and adjacent rural areas in western India (110 patients). The urban cohort consisted of two groups of patients, new cases (646 patients) and first-time treatment failures (77 patients), while only new cases were recruited in the rural areas. The isolates from urban new cases showed 71% clustering, with 168 Manu1, 62 CAS, 22 Beijing, and 30 EAI-5 isolates.

What 'outliers' tell us about missed opportunities for tuberculosis control: a cross-sectional study of patients in Mumbai, India.

Background: India's Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) is deemed highly successful in terms of detection and cure rates. However, some patients experience delays in accessing diagnosis and treatment. Patients falling between the 96th and 100th percentiles for these access indicators are often ignored as atypical 'outliers' when assessing programme performance.