A study to determine the three-dimensional (3D) facial shape characteristics for a successful FFP3 mask fit.

A reported 20% of dental staff will fail their fit test for a disposable FFP3 respirator. This needs to be factored into future pandemic workforce and PPE supply planning. At present there are no scientifically or universally accepted facial shape criteria to design and produce facial masks that will fit the entire work force.

Establishment of the mid-sagittal reference plane for three-dimensional assessment of facial asymmetry: a systematic review : Establishment of the mid-sagittal reference plane: a systematic review.

Objective: To systematically review the literature for mid-sagittal plane establishment approaches to identify the most effective method for constructing the mid-sagittal plane for the evaluation of facial asymmetry.

Materials And Methods: Six electronic databases (PubMed, Medline (via Ovid), EMBASE (via Ovid), Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Scopus) and grey literature were searched for the studies that computed the mid-sagittal reference plane three-dimensionally, using a combination of MeSH terms and keywords. The methodological quality and the level of evidence for the included studies were analyzed using QUADAS-2 and GRADE, respectively.

Three-dimensional assessment of facial asymmetry in class III subjects, part 2: evaluating asymmetry index and asymmetry scores.

Objectives: To evaluate the outcomes of corrective surgical treatment for craniofacial asymmetry using four different methods with the aim of developing the best technique for craniofacial asymmetry assessment.

Materials And Methods: CBCT images of twenty-one class III subjects with surgically corrected craniofacial asymmetry and twenty-one matched controls were analyzed. Twenty-seven hard tissue landmarks were used to quantify asymmetry using the following methodologies: the asymmetry index (AI), asymmetry scores based on the clinically derived midline (CM), Procrustes analysis (PA), and modified Procrustes analysis (MPA).

The reliability of analytical reference lines for determining esthetically pleasing lip position: An assessment of consistency, sensitivity, and specificity.

Introduction: This study aimed to identify a simple yet reliable soft-tissue parameter for the clinical determination of esthetic lip position by investigating the most consistent reference lines and assessing their sensitivity and specificity.

Methods: A total of 5745 records from Chinese patients aged >18 years were screened. In part I of the study, lateral view photographs of 96 subjects (33 males, 63 females) with esthetic facial profiles were selected.

The validity of using profile predictions for class III patients planned for bimaxillary orthognathic surgery.

This study assessed whether preoperative class III patients could recreate their facial difference based on a profile photograph. Twenty class III pre-surgery bimaxillary orthognathic patients used CASSOS (SoftEnable Technology Ltd.) to manipulate a distorted soft tissue image of them until they felt it resembled their current soft tissue profile.

Three-dimensional assessment of facial asymmetry in Class III subjects. Part 1: a retrospective study evaluating postsurgical outcomes.

Objective: The present study aimed to determine the site and severity of maxillomandibular asymmetry before and after orthognathic surgery in asymmetric patients.

Materials And Methods: Presurgery and postsurgery cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) data of 21 facial asymmetry patients (7 males and 14 females, mean age: 23.0 ± 3.

Anthropometric accuracy of three-dimensional average faces compared to conventional facial measurements.

This study aimed to evaluate and compare the accuracy of average faces constructed by different methods. Original three-dimensional facial images of 26 adults in Chinese ethnicity were imported into Di3DView and MorphAnalyser for image processing. Six average faces (Ave_D15, Ave_D24, Ave_MG15, Ave_MG24, Ave_MO15, Ave_MO24) were constructed using "surface-based registration" method with different number of landmarks and template meshes.

A comparative assessment of information recall and comprehension between conventional leaflets and an animated video in adolescent patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment: A single-center, randomized controlled trial.

Introduction: The objective of this 2-arm parallel trial was to investigate the recall and comprehension of the information of orthodontic patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment using either the verbal explanation supported with the British Orthodontic Society (BOS) leaflet or 3-dimensional (3D) animated content.

Methods: Patients aged 12-18 years, with no relevant medical history or learning and reading difficulties, who were to undergo orthodontic treatment, were randomized to receive information about fixed orthodontic treatment, using either verbal explanation supported with the BOS leaflet or 3D animated content on the basis of the BOS leaflet. Randomization was performed by block randomization; block size of 4 was used, from which 6 blocks with 6 different sequences (AABB, ABBA, ABAB, BBAA, BAAB, BABA).

Accuracy of capturing oncology facial defects with multimodal image fusion versus laser scanning.

Statement Of Problem: Fabrication of conventional facial prostheses is a labor-intensive process which traditionally requires an impression of the facial defect and surrounding tissues. Inaccuracies occur during the facial moulage because of soft-tissue compression, the patient's reflex movements, or the lack of support for the impression material. A variety of 3D imaging techniques have been introduced during the production of facial prostheses.

An in-vitro study to assess the feasibility, validity and precision of capturing oncology facial defects with multimodal image fusion.

Aim: Assess the feasibility, validity and precision of multimodal image fusion to capture oncology facial defects based on plaster casts.

Methods: Ten casts of oncology facial defects were acquired. To create gold standard models, a 3D volumetric scan of each cast was obtained with a cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scanner (NewTomVG).

The Accuracy of Conformation of a Generic Surface Mesh for the Analysis of Facial Soft Tissue Changes.

Purpose: Three dimensional analysis of the face is required for the assessment of complex changes following surgery, pathological conditions and to monitor facial growth. The most suitable method may be "dense surface correspondence".

Materials And Methods: This method utilizes a generic facial mesh and "conformation process" to establish anatomical correspondences between two facial images.

Multi-view stereophotogrammetry for post-mastectomy breast reconstruction.

A multi-view three-dimensional stereophotogrammetry system was developed to capture 3D shape of breasts for breast cancer patients. The patients had received immediate unilateral breast reconstruction after mastectomy by the extended latissimus dorsi flap and without contralateral surgery. In order to capture the whole breast shape including the inframammary fold, the patients were introduced to the imaging room and leaned over the imaging rig to open up the inframammary fold and to expose the entire area of each breast.

Anterior projection of the maxillomandibular soft tissue complex after surgical correction of maxillary hypoplasia: a Scottish perspective.

After orthognathic surgery the forehead remains unchanged. To produce facial harmony, the planned projection of the maxillomandibular complex must be placed in the correct relations to the unchanged position of the forehead. We have compared the anterior soft tissue projection of the maxillomandibular complex relative to the forehead after Le Fort I advancement surgery for correction of maxillary hypoplasia with that of a local reference group chosen by lay assessors.

How accurate are rapid prototyped (RP) final orthognathic surgical wafers? A pilot study.

Computer packages have been introduced to simulate the movements of the jaw in three dimensions to facilitate planning of treatment. After final 3-dimensional virtual planning, a rapid prototype wafer can be manufactured and used in theatre. Our aim was to assess the accuracy of rapid prototyping of virtual wafers derived from laser scanned dental models using CAD/CAM software.

Evaluation of an interactive multi-media device for delivering information on Le Fort I osteotomy.

This study was carried out on volunteers to evaluate a newly developed interactive software package aimed at informing prospective Le Fort I osteotomy patients regarding the surgical technique and possible complications. The aim of the study was to compare two methods of information delivery; a multi-media tablet device delivering both graphic and verbal information, and an audio device delivering essentially the same information in verbal form only. The null hypothesis was that there would be no difference between the efficiencies of the two methods.

Subjective versus objective assessment of breast reconstruction.

Background: To date breast assessment has been conducted mainly subjectively. However lately validated objective three-dimensional (3D) imaging was developed. The study aimed to assess breast reconstruction subjectively and objectively and conduct a comparison.

Three-dimensional image fusion across PET+MRI modalities based on the approach of characteristic coregistration.

Background And Aims: Because there is no complete three-dimensional (3D) hybrid detector integrated PET+MRI internationally, this study aims to investigate a registration approach for a two-dimensional (2D) hybrid based on characteristic localization to achieve a 3D fusion from the images of PET and MRI as a whole.

Methods: A cubic-oriented scheme of "9-point and 3-plane" for a coregistration design was verified to be geometrically practical. Through 3D reconstruction and virtual dissection, human internal feature points were sorted to combine with preselected external feature points for matching process.

Investigation into variation and errors of a three-dimensional breast imaging system using multiple stereo cameras.

Background: Errors derive from the variability seen in the repeat volume measurements for a particular individual. The aim of this study was to evaluate the variation and errors of a three-dimensional (3D) multiple stereo camera system for objective breast assessment. It was also investigated whether there was any correlation between these errors and the size of the breast.

Objective evaluation of the latissimus dorsi flap for breast reconstruction using three-dimensional imaging.

Background: The latissimus dorsi muscle flap is a common method for the reconstruction of the breast following mastectomy. The study aimed to assess the quality of this reconstruction using a three-dimensional (3D) imaging method. The null hypothesis was that there was no difference in volume between the reconstructed breast and the opposite side.

Clinical significance of creative 3D-image fusion across multimodalities [PET+CT+MR] based on characteristic coregistration.

Objective: To investigate a registration approach for 2-dimension (2D) based on characteristic localization to achieve 3-dimension (3D) fusion from images of PET, CT and MR one by one.

Method: A cubic oriented scheme of"9-point & 3-plane" for co-registration design was verified to be geometrically practical. After acquisiting DICOM data of PET/CT/MR (directed by radiotracer 18F-FDG etc.

An assessment of the quality of care provided to orthognathic surgery patients through a multidisciplinary clinic.

The quality of care delivered to 74 patients undergoing orthognathic surgery was assessed using a patient satisfaction questionnaire and data collected from hospital case records. Surgical complications, hospital services, patient satisfaction, and impact on quality of life, were the main aspects considered. The majority of patients reported that their treatment objectives had been achieved and that they were satisfied with the quality of care provided.

An overview of three-dimensional imaging in dentistry.

Unlabelled: This paper reviews the role of three-dimensional digital imaging in dentistry and its related specialties. Current methods of image capture of the dentition are described, along with the current status of CAD/CAM-based restorative treatment. The advantages of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in comparison with conventional radiography are outlined in the fields of endodontics, periodontology, oral surgery and orthodontics.

Investigation into accuracy and reproducibility of a 3D breast imaging system using multiple stereo cameras.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity of a three-dimensional (3D) multiple stereo camera system for objective breast assessment.

Methods: A multiple stereo camera system, which consisted of four pods and eight cameras, two cameras on each pod, developed by Glasgow University, was used. Nine specially shaped plaster breast models were captured once, 3Dmodels were constructed and the volume of each plaster model was measured 10 times by the breast analysis tool (BAT) software.