The efficacy of an inactivated avian influenza H5N1 vaccine against an African strain of HPAI H5N8 (clade 2.3.4.4 B).

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses from the Goose/Guangdong/96-lineage emerged in Southeast Asia and subsequently spread to the Middle East, Africa and Europe, infecting a range of birds and mammals (including humans). This lineage of H5 viruses can efficiently establish itself in wild birds after circulating among gallinaceous poultry, facilitating reassortment with low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) virus strains, enhancing dispersal over long distances and contributing to endemicity. The detection of HPAI H5N8 virus (clade 2.

African horse sickness virus NS4 protein is an important virulence factor and interferes with JAK-STAT signaling during viral infection.

African horse sickness virus (AHSV) non-structural protein NS4 is a nucleocytoplasmic protein that is expressed in the heart, lung, and spleen of infected horses, binds dsDNA, and colocalizes with promyelocytic leukemia nuclear bodies (PML-NBs). The aim of this study was to investigate the role of AHSV NS4 in viral replication, virulence and the host immune response. Using a reverse genetics-derived virulent strain of AHSV-5 and NS4 deletion mutants, we showed that knockdown of NS4 expression has no impact in cell culture, but results in virus attenuation in infected horses.

Safety and efficacy of inactivated African horse sickness (AHS) vaccine formulated with different adjuvants.

African horse sickness virus (AHSV) is a virus species in the genus Orbivirus of the family Reoviridae causing African Horse Sickness (AHS) in equids with a mortality of about 95% in naïve horses. AHS causes serious losses in developing countries where horses play a central role in draft power and transportation. There are nine AHSV serotypes inducing no or low cross-neutralizing antibodies.

Rift Valley fever virus vaccine lacking the NSs and NSm genes is safe, nonteratogenic, and confers protection from viremia, pyrexia, and abortion following challenge in adult and pregnant sheep.

Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a mosquito-borne human and veterinary pathogen causing large outbreaks of severe disease throughout Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. Safe and effective vaccines are critically needed, especially those that can be used in a targeted one-health approach to prevent both livestock and human disease. We report here on the safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of the ΔNSs-ΔNSm recombinant RVFV (rRVFV) vaccine (which lacks the NSs and NSm virulence factors) in a total of 41 sheep, including 29 timed-pregnant ewes.