Unusual Presentation of Hyperandrogenism in Postmenopausal Women: A Report of Two Patients With Leydig Cell Hyperplasia.

Hyperandrogenism is a highly prevalent and debilitating hormonal disturbance encountered in women presenting with variable phenotypical features. Causes encompass a large spectrum of tumoral and nontumoral etiologies, depending on the patients' age. We report two postmenopausal patients with an unusual etiology of hyperandrogenism.

Frequency and determinants of phytotherapy use in patients with type 2 diabetes in the Dschang Health District, Cameroon: a cross-sectional study.

Introduction: phytotherapy is widely used in Africa for the management of many diseases. Data on the use of phytotherapy in people with type 2 diabetes are scarce. We aimed to determine the frequency and factors associated with the consumption/use of phytotherapy products among patients with type 2 diabetes in the Dschang Health District.

Rare Thyroid Diseases Mimicking or Concealing Primitive Thyroid Neoplasms: A Call for a "Check and Double-Check" Clinical Mindset.

Clinical endocrinologists encounter in their practice patients with thyroid diseases on a daily basis. Still, diagnosis of rare structural thyroid disorders can be quite challenging. In some instances, they do not only impersonate but can also conceal, other conditions such as thyroid carcinomas.

Knowledge, perceptions and practices of COVID19 among the came-roonian population.

COVID19 is an emerging infectious disease that has spread all over the world and became a pandemic. Cameroon is the 7th most affected country in Africa, with most of the cases in metropoles. The main objective was to assess the knowledge, perceptions and practices of the Cameroonian populations about COVID19 infection.

Correction: Exploring a New Entity of Single-Agent Pembrolizumab-Associated Hypophysitis.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.7759/cureus.27763.

Gestational diabetes mellitus in Cameroon: prevalence, risk factors and screening strategies.

Background: The burden of gestational diabetes (GDM) and the optimal screening strategies in African populations are yet to be determined. We assessed the prevalence of GDM and the performance of various screening tests in a Cameroonian population.

Methods: We carried out a cross-sectional study involving the screening of 983 women at 24-28 weeks of pregnancy for GDM using serial tests, including fasting plasma (FPG), random blood glucose (RBG), a 1-hour 50g glucose challenge test (GCT), and standard 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).

Isomorphic (Koebner) Phenomenon Induced by Insulin Analogue Injections in Psoriasis.

Koebner phenomenon is an uncommon skin-related complication of subcutaneous insulin injection in patients with diabetes mellitus. This reaction, also referred as isomorphic phenomenon, has previously been described in various conditions including vitiligo, lichen planus, and psoriasis. We report a 56-year-old woman insulin-treated patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus who developed new-onset, sharply well-demarcated erythematous scaly plaques at the insulin injection sites consistent with Koebner phenomenon.

Interpretation of A1C measurement in sub-Saharan Africa beyond the global A1C-Derived Average Glucose (ADAG) equation.

Introduction: optimal metabolic control is crucial for prevention of diabetes associated complications. HbA1c is a correlate of chronic hyperglycemia and is associated with long-term diabetes complications. We investigate the relationship between A1C and estimated average blood glucose (eAG) from the multicenter A1C-Derived Average Glucose (ADAG) study, in a sub-Saharan African population.

Exploring a New Entity of Single-Agent Pembrolizumab-Associated Hypophysitis.

Hypophysitis is the inflammation of the pituitary gland primary or secondary to local or systemic disease. It tends to occur more with cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 inhibitors (10-15% of cases), which is a different entity compared to that associated with anti-program death 1 (anti-PD1) inhibitors. We describe a case of pembrolizumab-associated hypophysitis and conduct a systematic review of the literature.

Use of WhatsApp®, for distance teaching during COVID-19 pandemic: Experience and perception from a sub-Saharan African setting.

Background: In the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, to palliate to the lockdown and cover academic programs, the faculty of medicine and pharmaceutical sciences (FMPS) of the university of Dschang (UDs) in Cameroon has implemented e-learning using WhatsApp®.

Aim: Describe the opinion of students and lecturers after its implementation of e-learning at the FMPS of UDs.

Methods: We designed a uniform teaching scheme using WhatsApp® during the university lockdown.

The challenge of COVID-19 case identification and ascertainment in sub-Saharan Africa: the case of Cameroon.

Confirmation of COVID-19 infection is still challenging in Cameroon due to lack of sufficient RT-PCR tests and screening capacity. International organizations as well as philanthropic donators initially provided these tests. Due to limited kits availability, mass screening is currently a luxury that the country cannot afford.

Metabolic effects of exposure to pesticides during gestation in female Wistar rats and their offspring: a risk factor for diabetes?

Some pesticides increase the risk of type 2 diabetes, but whether fetal exposure carries transgenerational risk remains unknown. We evaluated the metabolic effects of gestational exposure to chlorpyrifos and imidacloprid in female Wistar rats and their offspring. We studied female nulliparous Wistar rats, including six exposed to imidacloprid (IMI) and six to chlorpyrifos (CPF) once daily throughout gestation at 1/10 lethal dose 50, while six (control group) received distilled water.

Gestational Exposure to Pesticides Induces Oxidative Stress and Lipid Peroxidation in Offspring that Persist at Adult Age in an Animal Model.

Pesticide exposure may induce biochemical alterations including oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. However, in the context of developmental origin of health and disease, putative trans-generational effect of exposure to pesticides are insufficiently studied. We therefore aimed to evaluate the biochemical effect of gestational exposure to four pesticides on female Wistar rats and their offspring at adult age.

Combined Analysis of GAD65, miR-375, and Unmethylated Insulin DNA Following Islet Transplantation in Patients With T1D.

Aim: Several biomarkers have been proposed to detect pancreatic β cell destruction in vivo but so far have not been compared for sensitivity and significance.

Methods: We used islet transplantation as a model to compare plasma concentrations of miR-375, 65-kDa subunit of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD65), and unmethylated insulin DNA, measured at subpicomolar sensitivity, and study their discharge kinetics, power for outcome prediction, and detection of graft loss during follow-up.

Results: At 60 minutes after transplantation, GAD65 and miR-375 consistently showed near-equimolar and correlated increases proportional to the number of implanted β cells.

Prevalence of dyslipidaemia among adults in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The burden of dyslipidaemia in Africa remains inadequately characterised. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of dyslipidaemia in African adults from hospital-based and community-based studies.

Methods: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE via PubMed, Embase, African Journals Online, and African Index Medicus for studies published between Jan 1, 1980, and July 31, 2017, without language restriction.

Relative adrenal insufficiency in adults with sickle cell disease.

Rheological modifications observed in sickle cell anemia are associated with ischemic complications that can cause target organ functional impairment. The objective was to investigate adrenal function of adult patients with sickle cell disease. In this cross-sectional study conducted in a tertiary referral hospital of the capital city of Cameroon, we enrolled ten crisis-free adult patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) and ten age- and sex-matched healthy individuals.

Human herpesvirus 8 infection DNA positivity is associated with low insulin secretion: A case-control study in a sub-Saharan African population with diabetes.

Background: Viruses have been considered potential triggers for the development of diabetes. This study assessed insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity in human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8)-infected and uninfected sub-Saharan African people with diabetes.

Methods: In all, 173 people with non-autoimmune diabetes were enrolled consecutively: 124 with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and 49 with ketosis-prone diabetes (KPD) admitted in hyperglycemic crisis.

Accelerated Progression to Type 1 Diabetes in the Presence of and Is Restricted to Multiple Islet Autoantibody-Positive Individuals With Distinct and Autoantibody Risk Profiles.

Objective: We investigated the effect of HLA class I risk alleles on disease progression in various phases of subclinical islet autoimmunity in first-degree relatives of patients with type 1 diabetes.

Research Design And Methods: A registry-based group of siblings/offspring (aged 0-39 years) was monitored from single- to multiple-autoantibody positivity ( = 267) and from multiple-autoantibody positivity to clinical onset ( = 252) according to , , , and status. Genetic markers were determined by PCR sequence-specific oligotyping.

Genetic factors contributing to hypertension in African-based populations: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

In a systematic review, the authors explored genetic association studies of essential hypertension in African populations. Studies reporting on the association of polymorphism(s) with hypertension in African populations were included. Appropriate studies were pooled using random effects model meta-analysis, under six potential inheritance models.

A novel LIPS assay for insulin autoantibodies.

Aims: Insulin autoantibodies (IAA) are often the first marker of autoimmunity detected in children in the preclinical phase of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Currently, the vast majority of laboratories adopt the radiobinding micro-assay (RBA) for measuring IAA. Our aim was to replace RBA with a novel non-radioactive IAA Luciferase Immuno Precipitation System (LIPS) assay with improved performance.