Histopathological Analysis of Pseudoexfoliation Material in Ocular Surgeries: Clinical Implications.

Background: Pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX) is a common age-related ocular condition characterized by the accumulation of a fibrillar, pseudoexfoliative material on the anterior segment of the eye. This study aims to investigate the histopathological characteristics of pseudoexfoliative material within different ocular structures, including the eyelid, conjunctiva, and anterior lens capsule.

Methods: A total of 32 anterior lens capsules, 3 eyelid fragments, and 12 conjunctival specimens were obtained from patients clinically diagnosed with PEX during ocular surgeries at the Onioptic Hospital of Ophthalmology.

High-Resolution Imaging in Macular Telangiectasia Type 2: Case Series and Literature Review.

Background: Macular telangiectasia (MacTel), also known as idiopathic juxtafoveolar telangiectasis (IJFTs), involves telangiectatic changes in the macular capillary network. The most common variant, MacTel type 2, has distinct clinical features and management strategies.

Methods: This study offers a comprehensive review of MacTel and focuses on a series of three patients diagnosed with MacTel type 2 in our clinic.

Investigation of Risk Factors Predicting Cataract Surgery Complications in Patients with Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome: A Systematic Review.

The present review aims to identify risk factors with predictive value for differentiating between pseudoexfoliation patients at risk of developing intra- or postoperative complications and those without operative risk during cataract surgery. The review protocol was registered at PROSPERO, registration no. CRD42023417721.

Continuous Laser Versus Micropulse Laser in the Treatment of Central Serous Chorioretinopathy: A Retrospective Study.

Background: Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) is a retinal disorder characterized by complex mechanisms leading to abnormal fluid accumulation under the retina. While management remains controversial, laser therapy has been successfully used. This study compares the efficacy of continuous laser (CL) and micropulse laser (ML) therapy in treating CSCR, focusing on reduction in macular thickness and improvement in visual acuity.

Central serous chorioretinopathy in pregnancy.

The objective of this work was to present two unusual cases of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) and the chosen therapeutic method. In this article, two cases of CSC in pregnant patients were described. The first case was a 35-year-old patient in the 16th week of pregnancy and the second one was a 26-year-old patient in the 20th week of pregnancy.

Photoactivated Chromophore Corneal Collagen Cross-Linking for Infectious Keratitis (PACK-CXL)-A Comprehensive Review of Diagnostic and Prognostic Factors Involved in Therapeutic Indications and Contraindications.

Infectious keratitis is a severe infection of the eye, which requires urgent care in order to prevent permanent complications. Typical cases are usually diagnosed clinically, whereas severe cases also require additional tools, such as direct microscopy, corneal cultures, molecular techniques, or ophthalmic imaging. The initial treatment is empirical, based on the suspected etiology, and is later adjusted as needed.

Choroidal Thickness Increase after Subliminal Transscleral Cyclophotocoagulation.

Background: The purpose of this study is to estimate the success rate of subliminal transscleral cyclophotocoagulation for refractory glaucoma and to determine the correlation between the decrease in intraocular pressure and the variation in choroidal thickness. Methods: A pre−post study was conducted over a period of 3 years, including 81 eyes from 67 patients with different types of drug-refractory glaucoma who underwent subliminal transscleral cyclophotocoagulation. The variables included best-corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure and choroidal thickness.

Genetic diversity of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Fouquet, 1876) infecting farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792) in Turkey.

We assessed genetic diversities among Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Ich) field isolates collected from farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Turkey. The overall prevalence of Ich was 35.3% (634/1798).

Micropulse vs. continuous wave transscleral cyclophotocoagulation in neovascular glaucoma.

Neovascular glaucoma (NVG) is a refractory form of glaucoma, associated with important morbidity, for which no consensus exists regarding the optimal choice of therapy. The primary aim of our study was to compare the performances of micropulse transscleral cyclophotocoagulation (MP-TSCPC) and continuous wave transscleral cyclophotocoagulation (CW-TSCPC) in the treatment of neovascular glaucoma (NVG). A total of 24 eyes for MP-TSCPC and 22 eyes for CW-TSCPC, all with NVG were included.

Investigation of Retinal Microcirculation in Diabetic Patients Using Adaptive Optics Ophthalmoscopy and Optical Coherence Angiography.

The current research approaches the retinal microvasculature of healthy volunteers (17 subjects), patients with diabetes mellitus without retinopathy (19 subjects), and of diabetic patients with nonproliferative (17 subjects) and proliferative (21 subjects) diabetic retinopathy, by using adaptive optics ophthalmoscopy and optical coherence ophthalmoscopy angiography. For each imaging technique, several vascular parameters have been calculated in order to achieve a comparative analysis of these imaging biomarkers between the four studied groups. The results suggest that diabetic patients with or without diabetic retinopathy prove signs of retinal arteriole structural alterations, mainly showed by altered values of wall to lumen ratio, calculated for the superior or inferior temporal branch of the central retinal artery, near the optic nerve head, and significant changes of the vascular density in the retinal superficial capillary plexus.

Diagnostic methods for the etiological assessment of infectious corneal pathology (Review).

Infectious keratitis is a leading cause of visual morbidity, including blindness, all across the globe, especially in developing countries. Prompt and adequate treatment is mandatory to maintain corneal integrity and to recover the best possible final visual acuity. Although in most of the cases practitioners chose to employ empirical broad-spectrum antimicrobial medication that is usually effective, in some instances, they face the need to identify the causative agent to establish the appropriate therapy.

Uveal melanoma diagnosis and current treatment options (Review).

Uveal melanoma is a rare condition accounting for only 5% of all primary melanoma cases. Still, it is the most frequently diagnosed primary intraocular malignant tumor in adults. Almost 90% of the tumors involve the choroid and only a small percentage affects the ciliary body or the iris.

High-resolution images in macular disorders.

This study analyzed and compared the results of adaptive optics (AO) and fundus autofluorescence (FAF) in various maculopathies. The study included four different types of maculopathy: central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC), retinitis pigmentosa (RP), Stargardt disease (STGD) and phototoxic retinopathy. In all four cases, cone mosaic and cone density were obtained using AO fundus camera.

Effect of A Multinutrient Complex on Retinal Microcirculation in Diabetic Patients Investigated Using an Adaptive Optics Retinal Camera.

Context: Alimentary supplements may have beneficial effects on retinal microvasculature in diabetic patients.

Objective And Design: State-of-the-art imaging techniques were used to assess retinal microcirculation in diabetic patients in an observational study before and after 3 months treatment with a multinutrient complex including resveratrol, vitamins D3, C, E, essential fatty acids, trace elements (zinc and copper) and macular pigments (lutein and zeaxanthin)-Resvega.

Subjects And Methods: Fifteen subjects were included in this study.

Accelerated vs. conventional collagen cross-linking for infectious keratitis.

Infectious keratitis represents a serious concern for ophthalmologists, with a progressively growing incidence in the last few years. In this prospective comparative study, we evaluated two groups of patients with infectious keratitis or corneal ulcer resistant to antimicrobial and antifungal therapy, treated respectively with conventional and accelerated photoactivated chromophore collagen cross-linking. Eight patients were assigned to each group and they were monitored for 12 months.

Bilateral renal infarction in a patient with severe COVID-19 infection.

Thromboembolic events are frequent in patients with COVID-19 infection, and no cases of bilateral renal infarctions have been reported. We present the case of a 41-year-old female patient with diabetes mellitus and obesity who attended the emergency department for low back pain, respiratory failure associated with COVID-19 pneumonia, diabetic ketoacidosis, and shock. The patient had acute kidney injury and required hemodialysis.

Cumulative visual impact of two coagulability disorders: A case report.

Cumulative visual impact of two coagulability disorders were reviewed by presenting a case of a young female patient with a spontaneous abortion and two thromboembolic events in 8 years, whose visual function was severely affected. The particularities of her genetic constellation regarding the retinal circulation are also discussed. The patient developed a central retinal artery occlusion in the right eye during pregnancy in 2010, which led to an extended hematological workup that revealed presence of MTHFR C677T and MTHFR A1298C heterozygote mutations.

Subretinal alteplase injections in massive subretinal hemorrhage due to age-related macular degeneration: A case report series.

This report describes a series of cases with massive subretinal hemorrhage (SRH) due to age-related macular degeneration (AMD) treated by subretinal alteplase injections. In all cases, the surgical technique consisted in 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) and alteplase injection under the retina using a 38-gauge cannula. After the fluid-gas exchange, bevacizumab injection was performed in all patients.

Intraocular pressure changes during and after silicone oil endotamponade (Review).

Silicone oil (SIO) has rapidly become an indispensable adjunct in vitreoretinal surgery. Constant improvements in purity and also in viscosity have not totally prevented specific complications that may occur during endotamponade. Results of studies that suggested that higher viscosity silicone oil might be superior in terms of stability and safety are confirmed in real life only if endotamponade lasts for more than 6 months.

Influence of unilateral intravitreal bevacizumab injection on the incidence of symptomatic choroidal neovascularization in the fellow eye in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (Review).

Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (neovascular ARMD) represents only 10% of ARMD cases but is responsible, if untreated, for quick and severe central vision loss due to major macular changes. The presence of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in one eye is associated with an approximately 10% risk of CNV development in the fellow eye each year. Intravitreal anti-VEGF therapy has quickly evolved as the standard treatment in neovascular ARMD in the last decade due to significant anatomical and functional improvements, especially in the early stages.

Ocular cicatricial pemphigoid (Review).

Ocular cicatricial pemphigoid is a particular form of mucous membrane pemphigoid and it is characterized by a chronic bilateral conjunctivitis with relapsing-remitting periods. Without therapy 75% of the cases develop visual loss due to major ocular complications (e.g.

Conjunctival flap surgery in the management of ocular surface disease (Review).

Literature regarding conjunctival flap surgery was reviewed to describe and discuss the rationale for this type of procedure. The conjunctival flap is an acknowledged surgery for the treatment of various corneal diseases with a chronically compromised ocular surface, such as severe dry eye, neurotrophic or neuroparalytic disease, or bullous keratopathy. The purpose of this surgery is to restore the integrity of the corneal surface and thus to prevent gradual corneal ulceration and secondary infection, as well as to ameliorate pain, reduce the need for frequent medications, improve cosmetic appearance, and offer an alternative to invasive surgery or enucleation.

RETINAL MICROCIRCULATION INVESTIGATION IN TYPE I AND II DIABETIC PATIENTS WITHOUT RETINOPATHY USING AN ADAPTIVE OPTICS RETINAL CAMERA.

Context: State of art imaging techniques might be a useful tool to early detect the retinal vessels lesions in diabetes.

Objective And Design: This analytical observational study investigates the retinal microcirculation changes in type I and II diabetic patients without retinopathy using adaptive optics ophthalmoscopy (AOO) and optical coherence ophthalmoscopy angiography (OCTA).

Subjects And Methods: Fifty-five subjects were included in this study and were divided in three groups: type I diabetic group (n=16), type II diabetic group (n=19) and control group (n=20).

Photoreceptor assessment in focal laser-treated central serous chorioretinopathy using adaptive optics and fundus autofluorescence.

This study analyzed cone density, cone mosaic, and fundus autofluorescence (FAF) images in patients with focal laser-treated central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC).Observational case series.Forty-two eyes of 21 patients with unilateral treated CSC and bilateral best-corrected visual acuity of 1.