Transposition of the great arteries with total anomalous pulmonary venous connection in a 1½year-old child: Pulmonary arterial hypertension - An advantage.

Transposition of the great arteries with total anomalous pulmonary venous connection is a rare anomaly with varied management approach depending on the time of presentation; the management of cases which present early is usually by anatomical surgical approach while late presentation is by physiologic approach. This is due to early left ventricular mass regression as a result of the absence of volume and pressure load to the left ventricle (LV). We report a late presentation (at 1½ years of age) that had a successful anatomic surgical correction because the LV was "prepared" by both pressure and volume load from pulmonary arterial hypertension and large ostium secundum atrial septal defect.

Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection and Aortopulmonary Window: Successful Management of a Rare Association.

The association of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) with aortopulmonary window (APW) is extremely rare. The coexistence of these two anomalies will have implications on clinical presentation, diagnosis, and pathophysiology. The lungs are exposed to pulmonary venous hypertension due to obstructed TAPVC as well as pulmonary arterial hypertension due to unrestrictive APW.

Emergency deep hypothermic circulatory arrest in a 1-year-old undergoing cardiac surgery in a Nigerian hospital - anaesthesia and critical care interventions.

Deep Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest (DHCA) is a technique used to obtain optimal operating conditions while providing cerebral protection. The case report presented a DHCA on an infant that was basically done as an emergency in an attempt to correct a previously unrecognized anomaly. We report a case of a 1-year-old that had surgery for Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) and Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) ligation but following closure was noted to have no palpable peripheral pulses, only carotid pulsation.

Repair of tetralogy of Fallot associated with anomalous origin of right pulmonary artery and accessory left anterior descending coronary artery.

We present an unusual combination of lesions in an 8-month-old child diagnosed with tetralogy of Fallot, anomalous origin of right pulmonary artery, and anomalous coronary artery crossing the pulmonary annulus. The association of anomalous origin of branch pulmonary artery from aorta and tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is extremely rare with an incidence of 0.4%.

Aortic Root Translocation for Repair of Transposition of Great Arteries With Absent Pulmonary Valve.

Absent pulmonary valve is a rare congenital heart defect where the pulmonary valve is either absent or rudimentary. It is usually associated with tetralogy of Fallot although it has been reported with other lesions. We present a rare case of absent pulmonary valve associated with transposition of great arteries and non-routable ventricular septal defect that was surgically managed by aortic root translocation.

One-Stage Repair of Tetralogy of Fallot and Pseudoaneurysm of the Ascending Aorta After Central Shunt.

Pseudoaneurysm of the ascending aorta following a central aortopulmonary shunt is a rare and potentially fatal complication. Loss of pulmonary artery continuity is another complication following an aortopulmonary shunt. We report an unusual combination of these two complications following an aortopulmonary shunt performed in a child with tetralogy of Fallot.

Triple Outlet Right Ventricle, With Duplication of the Aortic Root and Intrapericardial Ascending Aorta.

We present a case of a highly unusual congenital cardiac malformation, namely, triple outlet right ventricle with duplication of the aortic root and the intrapericardial component of the ascending aorta. A girl, aged five, presented with complaints of cyanosis and effort intolerance and was diagnosed with double-outlet right ventricle and subpulmonary infundibular stenosis. Intraoperatively, we noted that the aortic root was guarded by two separate aortic valves, oriented anteroposteriorly relative to each other, and separated within the right ventricle by a muscle bar.