Exploring formal and informal learning opportunities during morning report: a qualitative study.

Background: Morning reports are an essential component of physicians' daily work. Attending morning reports is prioritized by junior doctors as it provides them with an opportunity to learn diagnostic reasoning through discussion of cases. While teaching formats during morning reports have previously been reported, an in-depth analysis of what learning opportunities exist, e.

SLC6A1 variant pathogenicity, molecular function and phenotype: a genetic and clinical analysis.

Genetic variants in the SLC6A1 gene can cause a broad phenotypic disease spectrum by altering the protein function. Thus, systematically curated clinically relevant genotype-phenotype associations are needed to understand the disease mechanism and improve therapeutic decision-making. We aggregated genetic and clinical data from 172 individuals with likely pathogenic/pathogenic (lp/p) SLC6A1 variants and functional data for 184 variants (14.

Co-regulation of learning in a department of paediatrics.

Introduction: Co-regulated learning (CRL) is a process in which the learner's regulation of learning is guided by social transactions. The change in learning techniques during the transition from university to workplace learning and the rapidly changing learning environment make awareness of CRL extremely relevant. This study examined CRL among medical students and residents and identified the factors affecting CRL.

How doctors build community and socialize into a clinical department through morning reports. A positioning theory study.

Phenomenon: The morning report is one of the longest surviving hospital practices. Most studies of the morning report focus on the effectiveness of formal medical training, while focus on social and communicative aspects is rarer. This study explores the social interactions and communication in morning reports, examining the ways in which they contribute to the construction of professional identity and socialization into the community of the clinical department.

Splenic Abscess in an Adolescent due to Conservatively Treated with Ultrasound-Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration.

Background: Splenic abscesses are rare and potentially fatal. Diagnosis is often delayed due to vague symptoms, and laboratory findings are varying and often nonspecific. Ultrasound and computed tomography have a high sensitivity in detecting splenic abscesses.

[Functional disorders in previously healthy children during the COVID-19 pandemic].

Functional disorders may involve neurological symptoms, which are triggered by stressful situations. This case report describes two otherwise healthy children with sudden onset of functional symptoms in the days preceding the reopening of their schools after a suspension due to the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. Little treatment was necessary, and both patients made fast recoveries.

How isolation of key information and allowing clarifying questions may improve information quality and diagnostic accuracy at case handover in paediatrics.

Handover between colleagues is a complex task. The problem is that handovers are often inadequate because they are not structured according to theoretically grounded guidelines. Based on the cognitive load theory, we suggest that allowing a clarifying dialogue and thereby optimizing germane cognitive load enhances the information quality and diagnostic accuracy at handover, but may prolong handover duration.

Identifying and prioritising technical procedures for simulation-based curriculum in paediatrics: a Delphi-based general needs assessment.

Objectives: To identify and prioritise technical procedures that should be integrated in a curriculum of simulation-based procedural training in paediatrics using the Delphi method.

Study Design: National general needs assessment using a Delphi process was completed among 93 key opinion leaders in paediatrics in Denmark. Delphi round 1 identified technical procedures.

Selection and ranking of patient video cases in paediatric neurology in relation to learner levels.

Background: Teaching and learning with patient video cases may add authenticity, enhance diagnostic accuracy and improve chances of early diagnosis. The aim of this study is firstly to identify selection criteria for key Patient video cases (PVCs), secondly to identify trends in relevance of PVCs for learner levels and thirdly, to rank PVCs for learner levels.

Methods: Based on a literature review, we identified criteria for key PVCs for use in paediatric neurology.

The Child Health System in Denmark: Current Problems and Successes.

In Denmark, child primary care is taken care of by general practitioners who have 6 months of pediatric training as part of their specialty training and, therefore, are qualified to work as gatekeepers for the secondary health care at the hospitals. As new, more expensive, drugs are increasingly prescribed, corresponding expenses pose serious threats to the economy at 18 pediatric departments. We will highlight the new developments in pediatric education: skills training and training of clinical reasoning.

[Intervertebral discitis in children].

Intervertebral discitis is a rare disorder which is easily missed. It presents with non-specific symptoms such as irritability, abdominal pain, decreased appetite and limping. The infection parameters can be normal, and blood cultures are often negative.

[Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita].

Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) is a sign rather than a diagnosis. It implies contractures in multiple body areas and occurs in 1:3,000-5,000 live births. Primary aetiologies include neuropathic, myopathic, metabolic, end plate and vascular disorder affecting the developing foetus, including limitation of foetal space.

Use of patient video cases in medical education.

Patient video cases (PVCs) are brief video recordings of patients during spontaneous or instructed activity. PVCs are true to life and can be replayed, enabling the establishment of highly interactive, contextual and safe learning environments, with a minimum of facilitation. This article describes the use of workshops in which PVCs are used to assist with the development of observational skills and clinical reasoning in medical students and postgraduates.

Combining bimodal presentation schemes and buzz groups improves clinical reasoning and learning at morning report.

Morning reports offer opportunities for intensive work-based learning. In this controlled study, we measured learning processes and outcomes with the report of paediatric emergency room patients. Twelve specialists and 12 residents were randomised into four groups and discussed the same two paediatric cases.

[The 180 degree study is a simple examination of the motor development of infants].

In this article we present The 180 degree study, a systematic and simple approach to examination of the motor development in infants aged 2-10 month. The examination is simple to learn, easy to practice and gives rich opportunity to generate diagnostic hypotheses.

Arterial ischemic stroke as a complication to disseminated infection with Fusobacterium necrophorum.

Lemierre syndrome (LS) is a rare complication of oropharyngeal and odontogenic infections in otherwise healthy young individuals. It is characterized by septic internal jugular vein thrombophlebitis and disseminated metastatic abscesses. Cerebral arterial ischemic stroke is rarely seen in LS.

Learning to diagnose using patient video case in paediatrics: perceptive and cognitive processes.

Thomas Balslev, a paediatric neurologist and educational researcher, defended his thesis on 24 November 2011. The thesis included five published papers, and investigated learning with authentic, brief patient video cases. With analysis of a video case in a small group, learning processes and sharing of knowledge was intensely stimulated.

Growth hormone treatment, final height, insulin-like growth factors, ghrelin, and adiponectin in four siblings with Seckel syndrome.

Objective: To report on the effect of growth hormone (GH) treatment on final height (FH) and to describe the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system, ghrelin, and adiponectin (ADPN) in children with Seckel syndrome.

Subjects And Results: Four severely growth-retarded Iraqi siblings (two girls and two boys) with Seckel syndrome were referred at ages 16.5, 14.

Visual expertise in paediatric neurology.

Background: Visual expertise relies on perceptive as well as cognitive processes. At present, knowledge of these processes when diagnosing clinical cases mainly stems from studies with still pictures. In contrast, patient video cases constitute a dynamic diagnostic challenge that may simulate seeing and diagnosing a patient in person.

Enhancing diagnostic accuracy among nonexperts through use of video cases.

Objective: The goal was to determine whether the diagnostic accuracy of nonexperts in selected learning environments would improve with the use of patient video cases (PVCs).

Methods: We designed a stepwise, team-based, learning approach with a (1) text-based patient presentation, (2) first review of a PVC, (3) small-group discussion, (4) second review of a PVC, and (5) large-group discussion and listening to think-aloud modeling by a content expert. Four pediatric neurology PVCs were analyzed by 44 physicians.

The development of shared cognition in paediatric residents analysing a patient video versus a paper patient case.

In a previous study, we established that compared to a written case, a video case enhances observable cognitive processes in the verbal interaction in a postgraduate problem-based learning format. In a new study we examined non-observable cognitive processes using a stimulated recall procedure alongside a reanalysis of the data from the first study. We examined the development of shared cognition as reflected in collaborative concept link formation, an approach to connecting a series of concepts related to a particular topic.

[Ten practical, theory-based tips for clinical course planners].

A list of practical advice and examples are given based on the literature. E-learning with cliffhanger text-cases can activate prior knowledge, and selected examination skills can be trained with simulated patients. Patient video recordings can be used to train clinical reasoning skills, including pattern recognition and hypothetic-deductive approaches.

[Progressive muscular atrophy in a ten-year-old girl].

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, CIDP, is a rare differential diagnosis to the hereditary myopathies but because it can be treated effectively it is important to consider. A ten-year-old girl's proximal muscle groups debilitated progressively, and in four months she lost the ability to walk. Stretch reflexes were absent, creatine kinase low and spinal protein elevated.