Publications by authors named "Baloch Z"
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a significant global health threat, primarily stemming from its misuse and overuse in both veterinary and public healthcare systems. The consequences of AMR are severe, leading to more severe infections, increased health protection costs, prolonged hospital stays, unresponsive treatments, and elevated fatality rates. The impact of AMR is direct and far-reaching, particularly affecting the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), underscoring the urgency for concerted global actions to achieve these objectives.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCorrigendum: Antibiotic resistance: One Health One World outlook.
Front Cell Infect Microbiol
September 2024
Article Synopsis
- The article referenced by the DOI contains a correction to previously published information.* -
- It aims to clarify and improve the accuracy of the findings presented in the original article.* -
- Corrections like this are important for maintaining the integrity of scientific literature and ensuring readers have the most reliable data.*
Article Synopsis
- Psammoma bodies (PB) are often thought to be signs of a type of thyroid cancer called papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), but they can also appear in non-cancerous thyroid problems.
- A study looked at 26 patients with PB found in harmless thyroid conditions, showing that PB can also be present in cases like thyroid nodules and Hashimoto's disease.
- To be sure there's no cancer, doctors need to examine the whole thyroid and not just look for PB, since sometimes these bodies are found in people who don’t have cancer at all.
Background: This review article discussed the use of bridging therapy with low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) in patients who undergo noncardiac surgery (NCS) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).
Hypotheses: Patients who undergo PCI are at an increased risk of thrombotic events due to their underlying cardiovascular disease. However, many of these patients may require NCS at some point in their lives, which poses a significant challenge for clinicians as they balance the risk of thrombotic events against the risk of bleeding associated with antithrombotic therapy.
Article Synopsis
- The study examines the American Thyroid Association's guidelines for selective prophylactic central neck dissection (pCND) in children with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) by looking at tumor genetics as a potential way to determine need for surgery.
- Researchers analyzed data from pediatric patients who had post-thyroidectomy oncogene testing and found that tumors with low-invasive alterations showed significantly lower rates of lymph node involvement compared to those with high-invasive alterations.
- The findings suggest that understanding the genetic profile of PTC tumors can help identify pediatric patients who may not need aggressive surgical intervention, thereby reducing unnecessary procedures.
Inherited metabolic diseases (IMDs) stem from genetic defects affecting enzyme function within specific metabolic pathways, collectively constituting rare conditions with an incidence of less than 1/100,000 births. While IMDs typically manifest with multisystemic symptoms, cardiac manifestations are common, notably hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Additionally, they can lead to dilated or restrictive cardiomyopathy, as well as noncompacted left ventricular cardiomyopathy.
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- The study examines salivary gland neoplasms of uncertain malignant potential (SUMP) and aims to evaluate their risk of neoplasm (RON) and malignancy (ROM) through cytomorphologic subtyping, as per the Milan System for reporting salivary gland cytology (MSRSGC).
- Out of 1,159 salivary gland fine-needle aspiration (FNA) specimens, 14.8% were classified as SUMP, with surgical follow-up available for 139 cases showing a prevalence of malignancy in this group ranging from 29.8% to 36.7%.
- The analysis found that consensus reviews of SUMP cases yielded a higher ROM
Article Synopsis
- - NIFTP is a newly classified thyroid neoplasm that has replaced the previous diagnosis of a certain type of thyroid cancer, with varying adoption rates noted across different global regions.
- - A survey of 48 pathologists showed a 94% adoption rate for diagnosing NIFTP, with North American pathologists diagnosing it more frequently than those in Europe and Asia/Oceania.
- - Significant differences exist in how pathologists assess nuclear features, especially for moderate changes, leading to regional variations in NIFTP diagnosis, with North American and European pathologists generally using lower thresholds for diagnosis compared to their counterparts in Asia/Oceania.
Background: Differentiated high-grade thyroid carcinoma (DHGTC) is recently recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a subgroup of thyroid carcinomas with high-grade features while retaining the architectural and/or cytologic features of well-differentiated follicular-cell-derived tumors. The cytomorphology of DHGTC is not well documented despite potential implications for patient triage and management.
Methods: The pathology archives of six institutions were searched for cases diagnosed on resection as "high-grade thyroid carcinoma" using WHO criteria.
Background: Chromosomal rearrangements involving one of the NTRK genes result in oncogenic driver mutations in thyroid carcinoma (TC) and serve as a target for therapy. We compared the clinicopathologic features of thyroid carcinomas with NTRK fusions vs. thyroid neoplasms with other malignancy associated gene fusions within our institution.
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- This meta-analysis investigates the potential advantages of transcarotid (TC-TAVR) access over transfemoral (TF-TAVR) access for patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR).
- The study reviewed seven adjusted studies from PubMed/MEDLINE and Cochrane Library, involving 6609 patients, with 5048 receiving TF-TAVR and 1561 receiving TC-TAVR.
- Findings show no significant differences in mortality, major bleeding, or stroke/transient ischemic attack between the two methods, though TC-TAVR had a lower risk of vascular complications, suggesting it could be a feasible alternative to TF-TAVR.
Article Synopsis
- DICER1 mutations and PTEN alterations are linked to thyroid diseases and cancers and were analyzed in a study involving 117 thyroid fine-needle aspirates (FNAs) from two medical institutions.
- The study found that 30.8% had DICER1 mutations (mostly younger females) and 69.2% had PTEN alterations (older females), with both groups showing signs of multinodular disease.
- Although both DICER1 and PTEN groups exhibited overlapping cytologic features, minor differences were noted, such as more papillary patterns in DICER1 and oncocytic changes in PTEN, enhancing awareness for identifying patients at risk for thyroid cancer.
Article Synopsis
- The rise of standardized reporting in cytopathology has made risk stratification, especially risks of malignancy (ROM), crucial for clinical management decisions.
- ROM calculations are mainly based on past studies with diverse patient groups, leading to potential biases and inconsistencies.
- The authors critically evaluate the ROM estimates in various nongynecologic reporting systems, such as those for thyroid and salivary glands, emphasizing their limitations and questioning their practical utility in clinical settings.
Background: Differentiated high-grade thyroid carcinomas (DHGTCs) are a new diagnostic entity most recently defined in the 2022 World Health Organization's (WHO) Classification of Endocrine and Neuroendocrine Tumors. This new entity has been minimally described in the literature, and additional cases classified as such are missing.
Materials And Methods: Cases of DHGTCs diagnosed at our institution from 2012 to 2022 were identified, and the following were reviewed: cytologic and histologic diagnoses, ancillary testing, immunohistochemical staining, treatments, and patient outcomes.
Article Synopsis
- Standardized reporting systems in cytopathology have gained popularity for various areas like thyroid and lung over the past decade.
- * The first edition of the Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology (MSRSGC) was published in 2018, categorizing lesions and associating them with risk of malignancy and management strategies.
- * The second edition, released in July 2023, updates these categories with refined risk assessments, introduces new imaging chapters, and incorporates advancements in testing and nomenclature for better diagnostic applications.
Background: Thyroid nodules are prevalent among the general population, thus imposing substantial demands upon healthcare providers to establish effective management paradigms when investigating these lesions. A pivotal component in the diagnostic process involves the cytomorphological evaluation of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) specimens extracted from the nodule under scrutiny. This examination serves the critical purpose of enabling a comprehensive assessment for the risk of either a neoplasm or malignancy, thereby providing the clinical team with the requisite information to render decisions regarding potential surgical intervention and/or a structured clinical follow-up.
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- * The Atlas of the Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology (MSRSGC) was first published in February 2018, defining six diagnostic categories to classify salivary gland lesions with associated risks and management strategies.
- * The second edition, released in July 2023, updates malignancy risks based on comprehensive research and includes new information on imaging, testing advancements, and nomenclature.
Article Synopsis
- The use of standardized reporting systems in non-gynecologic cytopathology, including thyroid and lung cytology, has significantly increased in the last decade.
- In February 2018, the Atlas of the Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology (MSRSGC) was launched, which includes six diagnostic categories that assess the risk of malignancy and guide clinical management.
- The second edition of the MSRSGC, released in July 2023, updates risk assessments, adds a chapter on salivary gland imaging, and incorporates advancements in testing and naming conventions.
Depression is a severe mental disorder among public health issues. Researchers in the field of mental health and clinical psychiatrists have long been faced with difficulties in slow treatment cycles, high recurrence rates, and lagging efficacy. These obstacles have forced us to seek more advanced and effective treatments.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCurrent management of patients with noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasms with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP) is lobectomy with close clinical follow-up. Because this entity is still young, we present our 5-year institutional experience with NIFTP since that time. Cases of NIFTP diagnosed from 2017 to 2022 were identified.
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- The third edition of The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology standardizes diagnoses into six categories, with each category assigned a single name and updated risk of malignancy (ROM) based on recent data.
- The "atypia of undetermined significance" category is simplified into two subgroups, and new information on pediatric thyroid disease, including ROMs and management, has been added.
- The edition also aligns nomenclature with the latest World Health Organization classification and introduces chapters on molecular testing and clinical perspectives in thyroid disease.
Article Synopsis
- - The third edition of The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology enhances the standardized reporting system for thyroid fine needle aspirations and introduces unified naming for six diagnostic categories with updated risk of malignancy (ROM) data.
- - The "atypia of undetermined significance" category is simplified into two subgroups based on their ROM and molecular profiles, improving clarity in diagnosis.
- - New chapters on molecular testing and clinical perspectives on thyroid disease have been added, along with a focus on pediatric thyroid conditions and their management.
Background: Pacing-induced cardiomyopathy (PICM) is a clinical syndrome that is characterized by a drop in the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) due to chronic high-burden right ventricular (RV) pacing. It has been postulated that leadless pacemakers (LPs) cause decreased risk of PICM compared to transvenous pacemakers (TVPs), but the exact risk reduction is unknown.
Methods: We performed a single-center retrospective analysis of adults who received an LP or TVP between January 1, 2014, and April 1, 2022, and had echocardiograms before and after the pacemaker implant.