The application of retrospective luminescence dosimetry in areas affected by fallout from the semipalatinsk nuclear test site: an evaluation of potential.

Luminescence retrospective dosimetry techniques have been applied with ceramic bricks to determine the cumulative external gamma dose due to fallout, primarily from the 1949 test, in populated regions lying NE of the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site in Altai, Russia, and the Semipalatinsk region, Kazakhstan. As part of a pilot study, nine settlements were examined, three within the regions of highest predicted dose (Dolon in Kazakshstan; Laptev Log and Leshoz Topolinskiy in Russia) and the remainder of lower predicted dose (Akkol, Bolshaya Vladimrovka, Kanonerka, and Izvestka in Kazakshstan; Rubtsovsk and Kuria in Russia) within the lateral regions of the fallout trace due to the 1949 test. The settlement of Kainar, mainly affected by the 24 September 1951 nuclear test, was also examined.

[The effect of metronidazole on the radiosensitivity of cancer of the uterine cervix].

A comparative study of the effect of rectal administration of metronidazole on radiosensitivity of cervical cancer with relation to tumor sizes and a Hb level was conducted. The effect of a direct tumor reaction on survival was investigated. Rectal administration of metronidazole proved to be effective in large tumor sizes and a low Hb level.

[Intratumoral and parametric administration of metronidazole in the radiotherapy of cancer of the cervix].

The paper is concerned with analysis of the results of radiation therapy of cervical cancer and intratumoral administration of metronidazole (124 patients with tumors, Stage IIB and III). At the end of the treatment, complete tumor regression in the intervention group (with metronidazole) was noted in 91% (irrespective of a stage of disease), in the control group (without metronidazole)--in 51% of the patients.

Intratumoral and parametrial infusion of metronidazole in the radiotherapy of uterine cervix cancer: preliminary report.

In a recently started clinical trial, the short-term effects of radiotherapy of cervix cancer Stage IIb and III in combination with topical infusion of metronidazole solution were evaluated by determining the local clearance rate and cytologic damage in randomized and non-randomized cases. In regard to the short term effects the combined treatment was found to be superior to treatment without metronidazole.

[Hormonal and immunological changes in breast cancers with different growth rates].

Thirty-four breast carcinomas revealed unequal growth rates their doubling time ranging 12-150 days. Steroid hormone levels and immunologic vigor were found to significantly differ in patients with different growth rates. Higher rates were associated with more pronounced systemic disorders.

[Evaluation of the results of treatment of lung cancer based on different rates of tumor growth].

The authors made a retrospective comparative analysis of the results of treatment of 336 lung cancer patients using surgical, radiation and drug techniques taking into account the rate of tumor growth. Differences were observed both in the frequency and terms of survival rates in surgical treatment and markedness of regressive changes in conservative methods of treatment.

[Induction of tumor-like growth in a culture of mycelial fungi--a potential experimental model of multistage carcinogenesis].

A microbiological model of two-stage experimental carcinogenesis is described. Induction of tumor-like growth in mycelial fungus Fusarium bulbigenum var. blasticola culture was shown to include: (1) initiation by carcinogenic mutagens and (2) promotion or reversible morpho-energy transformation of the cell.

[Combined radiotherapy of esophageal cancer].

The paper is concerned with the results of combined radiotherapy of 60 esophageal cancer patients. Indications for combined radiotherapy were the minimum lumen of the esophagus (8-10 mm), limited local spreading of a tumor, and the absence of distant metastases. Among the patients there were 46 men, 14 women, their mean age was 56-8.

Anaemia as a prognostic factor for the therapeutic effect of radiosensitizers.

Results are reported of a clinical trial on the effect of metronidazole as an adjuvant radiosensitizer in the radiation treatment of cervix carcinomas in advanced stages. Analysis of the results was made with regard to the local clearance of the tumour and with haemoglobin level as a stratifying factor (less than 120 g/l or greater than/equal to 120 g/l at presentation). With no metronidazole treatment, the results in anaemic patients were inferior in comparison to patients with normal haemoglobin level.

[Vascularization--a prognostic indicator of radiation sensitivity of laryngeal cancer].

Vascularization of laryngeal tumors in 79 patients was determined using a specially devised method. According to the quantity of capillaries in a visual field 3 degrees of vascularization were singled out. A close correlation between the vascularization of tumors and their radiocurability was revealed.

[Hemoglobin level--a prognostic factor of the effectiveness of metronidazole in radiotherapy of cancer of the cervix uteri].

A clinical trial was performed in 339 patients with Stages IIB, IIIB cervical carcinoma to test the effect of radiotherapy in combination with metronidazole. When the overall material was evaluated, no significant difference in the local clearance rate of tumors in metronidazole-treated and untreated patients was revealed. However, when the case material was subdivided into a group of anemic patients (hemoglobin less than 120 g/l) and a group of patients with normal hemoglobin levels (hemoglobin greater than 120 g/l) the data indicated that metronidazole therapy improved significantly the results in the anemic patients.

[Tumor vascularity: its possible prognostic and therapeutic value].

Three studies have been conducted in order to find out a correlation between the degree of tumor vascularization and local recurrences or the survival of patients after radiotherapy. The results have been reviewed. They show a better effect of radiotherapy in tumors with dense capillary vascularization than in tumors with poor vascularization.

[Dynamic fractionation of the radiation treatment of lung cancer with different rates of tumor growth].

The paper is concerned with the results of radiotherapy of inoperable lung cancer patients. The efficacy of dynamic and conventional fractionation regimens was evaluated in relation to the tumor growth rate and size. The tumor growth rate was shown to be of importance for a local radiation effect: the higher growth rate was, the more pronounced tumor lesion and resorption were.

The growth rate of bone sarcomas and survival after radiotherapy with tourniquet-induced hypoxia: a clinical study.

The volume doubling time of primary bone sarcomas and lung metastases was determined by measurements made on serial radiographs. For the primary tumors, the volume doubling times were log-normally distributed and varied in the range of 20--200 days with a mean around 50 days. The volume doubling times of the metastases also showed a log-normal distribution in the range of 10--100 days, but with a mean twice as short as that of the primates.

[Clinical x-ray characteristics and growth kinetics of Ewing's tumor].

The clinico-roentgenological peculiarities of the course of Ewing's sarcoma depending on tumor localisation were studied in 66 patients (29 in diaphysis and 37 in metaphysis). Tumor growth rates versus localisation (43 cases) and end results (55 cases) wee compared. The malignancy and growth rate of diaphysic tumors appeared to be higher.