Diagnosis and initial management of children presenting with premature loss of primary teeth associated with a systemic condition: A scoping review and development of clinical aid.

Background: Premature loss of primary teeth (PLPT) can be a rare presentation of systemic medical conditions. Premature loss of primary teeth may present a diagnostic dilemma to paediatric dentists.

Aims: To identify systemic conditions associated with PLPT and develop a clinical aid.

Establishment of a clinical network for children with amelogenesis imperfecta and dentinogenesis imperfecta in the UK: 4-year experience.

Background: Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) and dentinogenesis imperfecta (DI) are two groups of genetically inherited conditions resulting in abnormal enamel and dentin formation, respectively. Children and young people may be adversely affected by these conditions, with significant reduction in oral health related quality of life. Dental management of children with AI and DI is often complex, which is exacerbated by the absence of clear referral pathways and scarce evidence-based guidelines.

Novel Ameloblastin Variants, Contrasting Amelogenesis Imperfecta Phenotypes.

Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) comprises a group of rare, inherited disorders with abnormal enamel formation. Ameloblastin (AMBN), the second most abundant enamel matrix protein (EMP), plays a critical role in amelogenesis. Pathogenic biallelic loss-of-function variants are known to cause recessive hypoplastic AI.

Heterozygous variants are a frequent cause of amelogenesis imperfecta.

Background: Collagen XVII is most typically associated with human disease when biallelic variants (>230) cause junctional epidermolysis bullosa (JEB), a rare, genetically heterogeneous, mucocutaneous blistering disease with amelogenesis imperfecta (AI), a developmental enamel defect. Despite recognition that heterozygous carriers in JEB families can have AI, and that heterozygous variants also cause dominant corneal epithelial recurrent erosion dystrophy (ERED), the importance of heterozygous variants causing dominant non-syndromic AI is not widely recognised.

Methods: Probands from an AI cohort were screened by single molecule molecular inversion probes or targeted hybridisation capture (both a custom panel and whole exome sequencing) for variants.

British Society of Paediatric Dentistry: A policy document on dental neglect in children.

The British Society of Paediatric Dentistry's (BSPD) first policy document on dental neglect was published online in 2009. It proposed a new original definition of dental neglect, discussed the identification of dental neglect and recommended adopting a tiered response, with three stages of intervention according to level of concern. Furthermore, it detailed how the dental team should both contribute to the child protection process and implement wider measures to safeguard and promote children's welfare.

Flexibility and access to dental postgraduate speciality training.

Increasingly, there is a clear emphasis on the need for improved access to flexible training. This reflects changing societal attitudes and expectations towards work-life balance and increasing demand for flexible working. The recently published Advancing dental care review: final report (2021) reflects these same demands within dental postgraduate training.

Looked after children: an overview for the dental team.

Looked after children (LAC) are children and young people (CYP) who have been under the continuous care of the local authority for more than 24 hours. Reasons for becoming looked after include concerns about abuse or neglect, breakdown in family functioning, or absence of a suitable caregiver (for example bereavement, parental illness, or separation, such as for unaccompanied asylum-seeking children). Many LAC live with foster families, extended family, or in residential care homes, but a CYP can be legally 'looked after' and still be living with their original or birth family, or living independently with support.

Public and dental professionals' use of social media to discuss amelogenesis imperfecta.

Background: Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is an inherited disorder of enamel development that is challenging to treat and often associated with negative patient and parental outcomes. Social media provides a valuable perspective on patients' and dental professionals' experience of AI and dental care.

Aim: To explore how the public and dental professionals use social media to discuss AI.

The burden of dental care in Amelogenesis Imperfecta paediatric patients in the UK NHS: a retrospective, multi-centred analysis.

Purpose: The burden of dental care in Amelogenesis Imperfecta (AI) has not been well described. This condition results in weak, discoloured and often sensitive teeth. Specialist paediatric care is available for AI patients in the UK, but treatment protocols and care provided are inconsistent.

The dental management of children with congenital heart disease following the publication of Paediatric Congenital Heart Disease Standards and Specifications.

The Paediatric Congenital Heart Disease Standards and Specifications (PCHDSS) were published in May 2016 by NHS England. The standards describe in detail the cardiac care patients should expect in England. They are also the first cardiology standards to include an oral health section.

Genetic testing for amelogenesis imperfecta: knowledge and attitudes of paediatric dentists.

Introduction: Genetic testing is increasingly applied across healthcare reflecting the value to diagnosis, clinical decision-making, service organisation and advancement of the research-informed evidence base. Patient expectations are changing. Genetic testing has not been part of dental practice.

Molar incisor hypomineralisation: experience and perceived challenges among dentists specialising in paediatric dentistry and a group of general dental practitioners in the UK.

Aim: To assess the views and experience of the UK dentists specialising in paediatric dentistry (trainees) about molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) and compare the findings with the responses from a group of UK general dental practitioners.

Method: A web-based questionnaire was sent to dentists undergoing specialist training in paediatric dentistry. The same questionnaire was completed by a group of general dentists who stated an interest in treating children, with various levels of experience.

The prevalence of incisor hypomineralisation and its relationship with the prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralisation.

Aim: To establish the prevalence of incisor hypomineralisation (IH) in a cohort of 12-year-old children in Northern England and to relate the prevalence to gender, socioeconomic status, and the prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH).

Method: The study population comprised 12-year-old children participating in the 2008-2009 National Dental Epidemiological Programme in five regions in Northern England. Participating dentists were trained and calibrated in the use of the modified Developmental Defects of Enamel Index.

A comparison of the presentation of molar incisor hypomineralisation in two communities with different fluoride exposure.

Aim: To compare the clinical presentation of two cohorts of children diagnosed with molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) and living in areas of low and high background fluoridation.

Methods: The study population comprised 12-year-old children participating in the 2008-2009 National Dental Epidemiological Programme in five regions in Northern England. Participating dentists were trained and calibrated in the use of the modified Developmental Defects of Enamel Index.

The dental health of children subject to a child protection plan.

Background: In the United Kingdom, child maltreatment is an area of increased awareness and concern.

Aim: To compare the dental health of children subject to child protection plans with controls.

Design: Children had to be aged between two and 11 years, medically healthy, and subject either to a child protection plan or attending the paediatric outpatient orthopaedic or general surgery clinics (control group).

An investigation into dental anxiety amongst paediatric cardiology patients.

Background: There is evidence that children with cardiac conditions have high levels of untreated dental disease. One possible explanation is that they are more dentally anxious as a result of increased exposure to medical interventions. Therefore, the primary aim of this study was to compare the level of dental anxiety between paediatric cardiology patients and healthy children.

An investigation into the dental health of children with obesity: an analysis of dental erosion and caries status.

Aim: To investigate whether children with obesity experienced more erosion and caries than children with normal weight.

Methods: This study involved children aged 7-15 years. The study and control group comprised 32 children with BMI > 98th centile and 32 healthy children with normal BMI-for-age, respectively.

Serotonin reuptake inhibitors and bleeding risks in major orthopedic procedures.

Background: Risk of abnormal bleeding in surgery patients prescribed serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) is unclear. Considering the quantity of literature on abnormal gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding with SRIs, relatively little exists on SRI bleeding risks in surgical procedures. We investigated whether SRIs increase the risk of surgical bleeding in patients undergoing knee and hip total joint replacement.

Current concepts in hypophosphatasia: case report and literature review.

BACKGROUND.  Hypophosphatasia (HP) is characterized by defective mineralization of bone and teeth because of deficient alkaline phosphatase activity. There are generally six recognized clinical forms, of which the most severe is often lethal prenatally or early in life.

The prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralisation in Northern England and its relationship to socioeconomic status and water fluoridation.

Background: Molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) is a condition which has significant implications for patients and service provision.

Aims: The aim of this survey was to determine the prevalence of MIH in 12-year olds in Northern England and to consider the relationship with socioeconomic status and background water fluoridation.

Design: Twelve-year-old children were examined for the presence of MIH.

Ex vivo thermoacoustic imaging over large fields of view with 108 MHz irradiation.

Thermoacoustic signals are generated over a large field of view by 900 ns TE10 pulses with 108 MHz carrier frequency. Test specimens selectively absorb the TE10 pulse energy producing rapid thermal expansions that generate ultrasonic pulses. 108 MHz irradiation provides excellent depth penetration in soft tissue, allowing blood and physiologic saline to generate strong signals.

An evaluation of paediatric dental general anaesthesia in Yorkshire and the Humber.

Background: Following major change in UK policy regarding dental general anaesthesia (DGA) in 2001, there appears to be little information available about paediatric DGA services, their organisation, availability and utilisation.

Aims: To establish the location, organisation and monitoring systems of paediatric DGA services in Yorkshire and the Humber Strategic Health Authority and to audit these services against existing standards of best practice.

Design: A postal survey of all potential paediatric DGA providers in Yorkshire and the Humber.

Understanding child neglect. Current perspectives in dentistry.

The aim of this paper is to update the reader on the subject of dental neglect in children. Recent national guidelines produced by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence and the British Society of Paediatric Dentistry have raised the profile of this condition by providing specific, evidence-based recommendations for recognition and response to dental neglect. Dental neglect may be a sign of general neglect or may be considered maltreatment in itself.

The oral health of children considered very high risk for infective endocarditis.

Background: Children with previous experience of infective endocarditis or with prosthetic heart valve are considered at very high risk for infective endocarditis.

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the dental health of a group of these children with a group of healthy controls and to determine parental awareness of the importance of good oral health.

Design: Oral examination was carried out in 28 children with previous infective endocarditis or a prosthetic heart valve to assess oral health.