What 'unexplored' means: mapping regions with digitized natural history records to look for 'biodiversity blindspots'.

We examined global records of accessible natural history voucher collections (with publicly available data and reliable locality data) for terrestrial and freshwater vascular plants, fungi, freshwater fishes, birds, mammals, and herpetofauna (amphibians and reptiles) and highlight areas of the world that would be considered undersampled and sometimes called 'unexplored' (., have relatively low, or no evidence of, past sampling efforts) under typical Western-scientific descriptions. We also question what 'unexplored' may mean in these contexts and explain how replacing the term in favor of more nuanced phrasing (.

Bioderived copolymer alternatives to poly(styrene--maleic anhydride) RAFT-mediated copolymerization.

Poly(styrene--maleic anhydride) (SMAnh) is a petroleum-based copolymer with desirable properties that afford utility in both industrial and academic fields. The reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT)-mediated polymerization of the bioderived comonomers, indene and itaconic anhydride, was explored using three chain transfer agents with varying activity, and generally well-controlled ( < 1.40) polymerizations were observed.

State shifts in the deep Critical Zone drive landscape evolution in volcanic terrains.

Volcanic provinces are among the most active but least well understood landscapes on Earth. Here, we show that the central Cascade arc, USA, exhibits systematic spatial covariation of topography and hydrology that are linked to aging volcanic bedrock, suggesting systematic controls on landscape evolution. At the Cascade crest, a locus of Quaternary volcanism, water circulates deeply through the upper [Formula: see text]1 km of crust but transitions to shallow and dominantly horizontal flow as rocks age away from the arc front.

Win Ratio approach for the composite outcome of postoperative pulmonary complications: Secondary analysis of a harmonised and pooled database of three randomised clinical trials.

Background: The win ratio analysis method might provide new insight on the impact of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) on clinical outcomes.

Objective: The aim is to re-analyse the results of the 'Re-evaluation of the effects of high PEEP with recruitment manoeuvres vs. low PEEP without recruitment manoeuvres during general anaesthesia for surgery' (REPEAT) study using the win ratio analysis.

Food, nutrition and dining information on residential aged care facility websites: A website analysis.

Objective: High-quality food, nutrition and dining are essential tenets of residential aged care facilities (RACF). Residential aged care facilities provide website information on their services for prospective residents, which may offer insight into food, nutrition and dining practices. This study aimed to describe the food, nutrition and dining information on RACF websites.

Spatial omics-based machine learning algorithms for the early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background: Worldwide, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second most lethal cancer, although early-stage HCC is amenable to curative treatment and can facilitate long-term survival. Early detection has proved difficult, as proteomics, transcriptomics, and genomics have been unable to discover suitable biomarkers.

Methods: To find new biomarkers of HCC, we utilized a spatial omics N-glycan imaging method to identify altered glycosylation in cancer tissue (n = 53) and in paired serum of individuals with HCC (n = 23).

What factors affect the recruitment and retention of allied health professionals working in hospitals? A systematic literature review.

ObjectiveWorkforce shortages in hospitals have necessitated a focus on recruitment and retention of health professionals. The aim of this systematic review was to synthesise literature relating to factors that affect recruitment and retention of allied health professionals working in hospital settings.MethodPubMed, CINAHL (via EbscoHost), Embase (via Elsevier), and Scopus Advanced Search databases were used to retrieve 1665 studies, of which 16 were included.

HS-Prdx4 axis mitigates Golgi stress to bolster tumor-reactive T cell immunotherapeutic response.

The role of tumor microenvironment (TME)-associated inadequate protein modification and trafficking due to insufficiency in Golgi function, leading to Golgi stress, in the regulation of T cell function is largely unknown. Here, we show that disruption of Golgi architecture under TME stress, identified by the decreased expression of GM130, was reverted upon treatment with hydrogen sulfide (HS) donor GYY4137 or overexpressing cystathionine β-synthase (CBS), an enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of endogenous HS, which also promoted stemness, antioxidant capacity, and increased protein translation, mediated in part by endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi shuttling of Peroxiredoxin-4. In in vivo models of melanoma and lymphoma, antitumor T cells conditioned ex vivo with exogenous HS or overexpressing CBS demonstrated superior tumor control upon adoptive transfer.

Medical certificates: More than just paperwork.

Background: Medical certificates communicate the needs and conditions of a person to (often) non-medical entities or other stakeholders. Medical certificates can have a profound effect on patients' access to social and financial support, and therefore wellbeing. However, general practitioners (GPs) are not formally trained in effective completion of medical certificates, leaving opportunity for workforce development.

Omnivore, vegan and vegetarian diet quality associations with depressive symptoms: A comparative cross-sectional analysis of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health.

Background: Depressive symptoms are experienced by >350 million people globally. Research suggests that a diet rich in plant foods could be protective against depressive symptoms, but vegans and vegetarians who eat a predominant plant-based diet are known to have higher depressive symptoms than omnivores.

Methods: This study aims to explore a secondary analysis of the association between diet quality and depressive symptoms in women born between 1973 and 1978 who follow vegan, vegetarian, and omnivore diets from the Australian Longitudinal Study of Women's Health at baseline (1996) and at three time points (2000, 2003 and 2009).

Nutrition Education and Practice in University Dental and Oral Health Programmes and Curricula: A Scoping Review.

Introduction: Dentists and oral health practitioners have a potential role in supporting the prevention and management of noncommunicable diseases. However, the extent to which university education prepares practitioners to provide nutrition care is unclear. This scoping review identifies and synthesises the evidence related to university-level nutrition education provided to dental and oral health students globally.

Multi-omic analysis of a mucolipidosis II neuronal cell model uncovers involvement of pathways related to neurodegeneration and drug metabolism.

Defining the molecular consequences of lysosomal dysfunction in neuronal cell types remains an area of investigation that is needed to understand many underappreciated phenotypes associated with lysosomal disorders. Here we characterize GNPTAB-knockout DAOY medulloblastoma cells using different genetic and proteomic approaches, with a focus on how altered gene expression and cell surface abundance of glycoproteins may explain emerging neurological issues in individuals with GNPTAB-related disorders, including mucolipidosis II (ML II) and mucolipidosis IIIα/β (ML IIIα/β). The two knockout clones characterized demonstrated all the biochemical hallmarks of this disease, including loss of intracellular glycosidase activity due to impaired mannose 6-phosphate-dependent lysosomal sorting, lysosomal cholesterol accumulation, and increased markers of autophagic dysfunction.

The development of rapid immunoassays for the urinary analysis of 1-hydroxypyrene glucuronide facilitate both laboratory and on-site polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon biomonitoring.

Polycylic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are produced during the incomplete burning of organic materials. PAH sources include vehicle exhaust, tobacco smoke and waste incineration. Environmental and occupational exposures to PAHs are known to occur.

Adaptations in glutathione-based redox protein signaling pathways and alcohol drinking across species.

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is the most prevalent substance use disorder but there is incomplete knowledge of the underlying molecular etiology. Here, we examined the cytosolic proteome from the nucleus accumbens core (NAcC) of ethanol drinking rhesus macaques to identify ethanol-sensitive signaling proteins. The targets were subsequently investigated using bioinformatics, genetic, and pharmacological manipulations in mouse models of ethanol drinking.

Management of analgosedation during noninvasive respiratory support: an expert Delphi consensus document developed by the Italian Society of Anesthesia, Analgesia, Resuscitation and Intensive Care (SIAARTI).

Background: Discomfort can be the cause of noninvasive respiratory support (NRS) failure in up to 50% of treated patients. Several studies have shown how analgosedation during NRS can reduce the rate of delirium, endotracheal intubation, and hospital length of stay in patients with acute respiratory failure. The purpose of this project was to explore consensus on which medications are currently available as analgosedatives during NRS, which types of patients may benefit from analgosedation while on NRS, and which clinical settings might be appropriate for the implementation of analgosedation during NRS.

Regional distribution of mechanical strain and macrophage-associated lung inflammation after ventilator-induced lung injury: an experimental study.

Background: Alveolar macrophages activation to the pro-inflammatory phenotype M1 is pivotal in the pathophysiology of Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury (VILI). Increased lung strain is a known determinant of VILI, but a direct correspondence between regional lung strain and macrophagic activation remains unestablished. [Ga]Ga-DOTA-TATE is a Positron Emission Tomography (PET) radiopharmaceutical with a high affinity for somatostatin receptor subtype 2 (SSTR2), which is overexpressed by pro-inflammatory-activated macrophages.

Relationship of Social-Emotional Learning, Resilience, Psychological Well-Being, and Depressive Symptoms with Physical Activity in School-Aged Children.

Background: This study investigated the association of psychological well-being (PWB), resilience, depressive symptoms, and social-emotional learning (SEL) with physical activity (PA) in school-aged children. The objective was to understand how these psychosocial factors influence PA levels and identify gender-specific differences in these relationships.

Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 534 fourth grade and sixth grade students from eight schools in the Midwest region of the United States, with data collected through a Qualtrics survey.

COVID-19 throughout pandemic waves and virus variants: a real-life experience in an Italian hospital.

New therapies and vaccines changed the management of COVID-19. The aim of this retrospective study was to describe characteristics, in-hospital mortality and its predictors in patients with moderate/severe COVID-19, considering the 4 different pandemic waves and viral variants' prevalence from February 2020 to January 2022. Among 1135 patients included, 873 (77%) had at least one comorbidity, 177 (16%) were immunocompromised.