Quantitative and Morphology-Based Deep Convolutional Neural Network Approaches for Osteosarcoma Survival Prediction in the Neoadjuvant and Metastatic Settings.

Purpose: Necrosis quantification in the neoadjuvant setting using pathology slide review is the most important validated prognostic marker in conventional osteosarcoma. Herein, we explored three deep-learning strategies on histology samples to predict outcome for osteosarcoma in the neoadjuvant setting.

Experimental Design: Our study relies on a training cohort from New York University (NYU; New York, NY) and an external cohort from Charles University (Prague, Czechia).

Novel and unusual fusion partners in aneurysmal bone cyst and their role in pathogenesis and histopathological evaluation of this disease.

Aims: The purpose of this study is to report novel and unusual fusion partners in aneurysmal bone cysts (ABCs). These findings may be useful in routine diagnostics as well as in studying the biology of -related disorders.

Methods: A cohort of seven patients diagnosed with ABC examined between 2014 and 2023 at Motol University Hospital in Prague was included into this retrospective non-randomised study.

Vascular supply of postresection pancreatic remnant after pancreaticoduodenectomy: A cadaveric study.

Objectives: The vascular supply to the neck and body of the pancreas is highly variable. The dorsal pancreatic artery is the dominant artery feeding this area. The aim of this study was to describe the vascular supply of postresection pancreatic remnants after pancreaticoduodenectomy.

Utility of fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) in parotid pleomorphic adenoma diagnosis and management.

Purpose: Pleomorphic adenoma (PA), the most common benign tumour of the parotid gland, requires accurate preoperative diagnosis owing to its capacity for malignant transformation. The aim of this study was to evaluate our experience with ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) in the diagnostic algorithm for patients with PA and to assess clinical outcomes for those with different surgical approaches.

Material And Methods: We carried out a retrospective analysis of patients treated for parotid gland mass between 2010 and 2016.

Mazabraud's syndrome: A case report supported by molecular studies and review of the literature.

Mazabraud's syndrome represents rare benign disorder characterized by simultaneous occurrence of fibrous dysplasia of bone and intramuscular myxomas within surrounding soft tissue. Mutations of gene were proven to be causative for this condition. Here, we present a case report of a patient with unusual manifestation of this disease, who developed a pathological fracture of the femur in the setting of monostotic fibrous dysplasia.

Unusual case of inflammatory rhabdomyoblastic tumor in a pediatric patient.

Inflammatory rhabdomyoblastic tumor (IRMT) is a rare, recently described skeletal muscle neoplasm of uncertain malignant potential. We report an unusual tumor in the right arm of a 5-year-old boy, which is the first case of a pediatric IRMT. Immunohistochemically, most cells in the tumor were positive for CD163 and CD68 staining.

The Hedgehog/GLI signaling pathway activates transcription of Slug (Snail2) in melanoma cells.

In melanoma and other cancers, invasion, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, metastasis and cancer stem cell maintenance are regulated by transcription factors including the Snail family. Slug (Snail2) protein generally supports migration and apoptosis resistance. However, its role in melanoma is not completely understood.

Unusual fusion gene rearrangements in patients with nodular fasciitis: a study of rare and novel USP6 fusion partners with a review of the literature.

Aims: This retrospective non-randomised study aims to identify new and rare fusion partners with in the setting of nodular fasciitis. It has been proven, that nodular fasciitis can harbour different variants of fusions, which can be used in routine diagnostics and even determine the biological behaviour of the process.

Methods: A total of 19 cases of nodular fasciitis examined between 2011 and 2022 at Motol University Hospital in Prague were included into this study.

A rational approach to the CNS tumors diagnostics.

The new WHO classification of CNS tumors is largely based on molecular diagnostic. Without molecular methods some entities can no longer be diagnosed. We are trying to show a rational approach to the CNS tumors diagnostics, which is based on conventional molecular methods such as RT-PCR, Sanger sequencing, MLPA, extended by the next generation sequencing (NGS) and methylation SNP array.

Mapping of the lung megakaryocytes: A role in pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension?

It has been postulated that platelets are produced by fragmentation of the megakaryocytes within the pulmonary circulation rather than budding of their cytoplasm within the bone marrow. Although literature is scarce depicting the levels of the megakaryocytes within the lungs from previously healthy individuals, there are several studies describing the presence of these cells in human necropsy specimens, and it has been hypothesized that their rearrangements could contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic pulmonary vascular disorders. The objective of this study was to describe the characteristics, distribution and total count of megakaryocytes in explants from lung transplant (LTx) recipients based on the final clinicopathological diagnosis, as well as in samples from LTx donors without previously known pulmonary disease.

Uterus transplantation in the treatment of female infertility: the pathologists perspective.

Uterus transplantation is a new experimental treatment method of absolute uterine factor infertility which affects 3-5% of infertile women. Absolute uterine factor infertility includes infertile women with agenesis or severe malformation of the uterus, several acquired uterine diseases causing infertility, and patients of fertile age after hysterectomy because of various causes. Uterus transplantation is considered a new method of assisted reproduction which allows women with absolute uterine factor infertility to have own biological offspring.

The dorsal pancreatic artery: A meta-analysis with clinical correlations.

Background/objectives: The dorsal pancreatic artery is the main artery of the body and tail of the pancreas. Its origin and branching is highly variable. The aim of this study was to perform a meta-analysis to generate pooled prevalence data on the presence and origin of the dorsal pancreatic artery.

Histopathological examination of the ectocervical biopsy in non-transplanted uteri: A study contributing to the provisional scoring system of subclinical graft rejection after uterus transplantation.

Introduction: Uterus transplantation is a causal treatment for absolute uterine factor infertility. Assessing rejection signs using a histopathological examination of the ectocervical biopsy from the transplanted uterus is common practice in all human uterus transplants worldwide to date. A provisional scoring system was used for the histopathological assessment of subclinical rejection signs in uterus recipients.

Next generation sequencing - a science tool or routine pathology?

Molecular assays for translocation detection in different tumors have gradually been incorporated into routine diagnostics. However, conventional methods such as fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and reverse transcriptase-PCR come with several drawbacks. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) can provide in-depth detection of numerous gene alterations.

An unusual fusion gene EML4-ALK in a patient with congenital mesoblastic nephroma.

Congenital mesoblastic nephroma (CMN), the most common renal tumor of infancy, is a mesenchymal neoplasm histologically classified into classic, cellular, or mixed types. Most cellular CMNs harbor a characteristic ETV6-NTRK3 fusion. Here, we report an unusual congenital mesoblastic nephroma presenting in a newborn boy with a novel EML4-ALK gene fusion revealed by Anchored Multiplex RNA Sequencing Assay.

Experience with follow-up strategy in selected patients with Warthin tumour diagnosed by ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB).

Purpose: Warthin tumour (WT) management options comprise surgery or follow-up. The purpose of this study was to asses our experience with the follow-up strategy in selected patients with an ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) showing WT.

Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of patients diagnosed with WT using FNAB between 1.

Complex Immunometabolic Profiling Reveals the Activation of Cellular Immunity and Biliary Lesions in Patients with Severe COVID-19.

This study aimed to assess the key laboratory features displayed by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) inpatients that are associated with mild, moderate, severe, and fatal courses of the disease, and through a longitudinal follow-up, to understand the dynamics of the COVID-19 pathophysiology. All severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-positive patients admitted to the University Hospital in Motol between March and June 2020 were included in this study. A severe course of COVID-19 was associated with an elevation of proinflammatory markers; an efflux of immature granulocytes into peripheral blood; the activation of CD8 T cells, which infiltrated the lungs; transient liver disease.

Highly wear-resistant and low-friction SiN composites by addition of graphene nanoplatelets approaching the 2D limit.

Graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) have emerged as one of the most promising filler materials for improving the tribological performance of ceramic composites due to their outstanding solid lubricant properties as well as mechanical and thermal stability. Yet, the addition of GNPs has so far enabled only a very limited improvement in the tribological properties of ceramics, particularly concerning the reduction of their friction coefficient. This is most likely due to the challenges of achieving a continuous lubricating and protecting tribo-film through a high GNP coverage of the exposed surfaces.