Medication-overuse headache: A pharmacovigilance study in France.

Background: Overusing medication for primary headaches or other medical conditions can lead to dependency and medication-overuse headache (MOH) as an adverse drug reaction (ADR).

Objectives: To analyse reports of ADRs associated with MOH recorded in the French national pharmacovigilance database (FPVD).

Methods: This retrospective study selected all MOH cases reported in the FPVD from January 2000 to June 2023.

Assessing organophosphate insecticide retention in muscle tissues of juvenile common carp fish under acute toxicity tests.

Organophosphate insecticide spray poses potential threat of contamination of environmental components their accumulation in aquatic organisms. Although various physiological deficits associated with their exposure in fishes are documented, yet their retention in their edible muscle tissues has been poorly studied. In this context, the study was undertaken to ascertain the bioaccumulation of two organophosphate insecticide compounds (dimethoate and chlorpyrifos) in the muscles of juvenile .

Behavioural incongruities in juvenile exposed to organophosphate compounds.

Unlabelled: For the ever increasing human population, the necessity to produce the food in large quantities has become the main goal internationally which has led to increase the practice of pesticides globally. Presence of pesticides in aquatic water bodies is largely due to the runoff from agricultural fields causing to deteriorate the healthy characteristics of an aquatic environment system leading to the toxic impact on non-target aquatic organism such as fish.

Approach: In fish, there are various portal of entry through which the contaminants enter.

Mechanistic understanding of innate and adaptive immune responses in SARS-CoV-2 infection.

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections have triggered global pandemic that continue to impact adversely human health. New understanding has emerged about the innate and adaptive immune responses elicited in SARS-CoV-2 infection. The understanding of innate immune responses generated in hosts early in SARS-CoV-2 infection is vital for treatment efforts.

Receptor signaling, transcriptional, and metabolic regulation of T cell exhaustion.

Exhaustion cripples T cell effector responses against metastatic cancers and chronic infections alike. There has been considerable interest in understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms driving T cell exhaustion in human cancers fueled by the success of immunotherapy drugs especially the checkpoint receptor blockade (CRB) inhibitory antibodies that reverses T cell functional exhaustion. The current understanding of molecular mechanism of T cell exhaustion has been elucidated from the studies utilizing murine models of chronic viral infections.

YY1 Upregulates Checkpoint Receptors and Downregulates Type I Cytokines in Exhausted, Chronically Stimulated Human T Cells.

T cells infiltrate affected organs in chronic infections and malignancy, but they may fail to eradicate virus-infected cells or tumor because of exhaustion. This report describes a Yin Yang-1 (YY1)-centered mechanism for diverse components that have been correlated with exhaustion. Utilizing an in vitro reconstruction of chronic T cell activation, YY1 is shown to positively regulate the checkpoint receptors PD1, Lag3, and Tim3 and to negatively regulate the type I cytokines interleukin-2 (IL-2) (in collaboration with Ezh2 histone methyltransferase) and interferon gamma (IFN-?).

Effectiveness of oral health education intervention among female primary school children in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Objective: This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of oral health intervention on the improvement in knowledge and self-reported oral health behavior among 6-8 year old female primary school children in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Materials And Methods: The sample consisted of 1661 girls in primary schools who are 6 to 8-year-olds (first, second and third graders). The children's level of knowledge was assessed by a self-administered questionnaire that was formulated for this specific age and divided into two parts; oral health knowledge and self-reported oral health behavior.

IKKα deficiency disrupts the development of marginal zone and follicular B cells.

Only few genes have been confidently identified to be involved in the Follicular (FO) and Marginal Zone (MZ) B cell differentiation, migration, and retention in the periphery. Our group previously observed that IKKα kinase inactive mutant mice IKKα have significantly lower number of MZ B cells whereas FO B cell numbers appeared relatively normal. Because kinase dead IKKα can retain some of its biological functions that may interfere in revealing its actual role in the MZ and FO B cell differentiation.

Third-Generation Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 Chimeric Antigen Receptor Expression on Human T Cells Improves with Two-Signal Activation.

Patient derived T cells activated ex vivo with CD3/CD28 beads show superior expansion. Therefore, CD3/CD28 beads have huge potential to be used in the clinic for immunotherapy applications. Two protocols were devised to evaluate if the expression of third-generation human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) can be improved on human T cells activated with CD3/CD28 beads.

Distribution of Helminth Parasites in Intestines and Their Seasonal Rate of Infestation in Three Freshwater Fishes of Kashmir.

The present study was undertaken to determine the incidence of helminth parasites in fishes with special reference to water quality parameters in Dal Lake and River Jhelum and correlate the observations. Water, fish, and parasite samples were collected during different seasons from various sites and processed. Three fish species, namely, Heckel 1838, Heckel 1838, and Heckel 1838, were recovered from these water bodies.

Podophyllum hexandrum ameliorates endosulfan-induced genotoxicity and mutagenicity in freshwater cyprinid fish crucian carp.

Context: Medicinal plants continue to act as a repository for novel drug leads with novel mechanisms of action. Podophyllum hexandrum Royale (Berberideceae) treats diverse conditions in folk medicine.

Objective: The antimutagenic potential of P.

Dimethoate Induced Behavioural Changes in Juveniles of Cyprinus carpio var. communis under Temperate Conditions of Kashmir, India.

The present study was designed to investigate acute toxicity of dimethoate on juvenile Cyprinus carpio var. communis. Fishes weighing 10 ± 2 gms were selected and mortality data was statistically evaluated by Finney's Probit Method.

A selective screening platform reveals unique global expression patterns of microRNAs in a cohort of human soft-tissue sarcomas.

Sarcomas are malignant heterogenous tumors of mesenchymal derivation. Emerging data suggest that miRNA might have a causal role in sarcomagenesis. Herein, we used a selective miRNA screening platform to study the comparative global miRNA expression signatures in a cohort of human sarcomas with the caveat that comparisons between tumor and non-tumor cells were performed from the same patients using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue.

Endotoxin-induced inflammation down-regulates L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) expression at the blood-brain barrier of male rats and mice.

Background: We recently reported that bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation decreases the expression of the primary thyroid hormone transporters at the blood-brain barrier, organic anion-transporting polypeptide 1c1 (OATP1c1) and monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8). L-type amino acid transporters 1 and 2 (LAT1 & LAT2) are regarded as secondary thyroid hormone transporters, and are expressed in cells of the blood-brain or blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier and by neurons. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of LPS-induced inflammation on the expression of LAT1 and LAT2, as these may compensate for the downregulation of OATP1c1 and MCT8.

T cell exhaustion and Interleukin 2 downregulation.

T cells reactive to tumor antigens and viral antigens lose their reactivity when exposed to the antigen-rich environment of a larger tumor bed or viral load. Such non-responsive T cells are termed exhausted. T cell exhaustion affects both CD8+ and CD4+ T cells.

Mitochondrial DNA variability to explore the relationship complexity of Schizothoracine (Teleostei: Cyprinidae).

Despite numerous studies on the taxonomy of a highly complex group of schizothoracine (snow trouts), with over five recognized species from Kashmir, India (Schizothorax niger, Schizothorax esocinus, Schizothorax plagiostomus, Schizothorax curvifrons and Schizothorax labiatus) based on traditional morphological data, the relationships between these species is poorly understood and the taxonomic validity is still under debate. To resolve the evolutionary relationships among these species, we sequenced mitochondrial fragments, including 16Sr RNA, Cytb and the D-loop. Separate analyses of 16S and Cytb showed intermixing of the species and 16S was found more conserved than Cytb.

Assessment of endosulfan induced genotoxicity and mutagenicity manifested by oxidative stress pathways in freshwater cyprinid fish crucian carp (Carassius carassius L.).

Over the past few decades, endosulfan, one of the polychlorinated pesticides still in use, has received considerable attention of a number of international regulations and restriction action plans worldwide. This study aimed to evaluate the cytogenetic effects of endosulfan using robust genotoxicity assays, along with the oxidative stress pathways in order to understand biochemical mechanism, in Carassius carassius L. The LC50-96 h (95% confidence limits) value of endosulfan was 0.

Length variation and sequence divergence in mitochondrial control region of Schizothoracine (Teleostei: Cyperinidae) species.

Schizothoracine fish commonly called snow trouts inhibit the entire network of snow and spring fed cool waters of Kashmir, India. Over 10 species reported earlier, only five species have been found, these include Schizothorax niger, Schizothorax esocinus, Schizothorax plagiostomus, Schizothorax curvifrons and Schizothorax labiatus. The relationship between these species is contradicting.

Complete mitochondrial genome organization of Schizothorax labiatus (McClelland, 1842).

The complete mitochondrial genome of Schizothorax labiatus, an endemic coldwater fish of Himalayas was determined for the first time. The genome is 16,582 bp in length and consists of 13 protein coding genes, 22 tRNAs, 2rRNA genes and one putative control region. The gene organization and its order were similar to other vertebrates.

Complete mitochondrial genome organization of Schizopyge niger (Heckel, 1838).

The complete mitochondrial genome of Schizopyge niger, an endemic coldwater fish of Himalayas was determined for the first time. The genome is 16,585 bp in length and consists of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNAs, 2rRNA genes and 1 putative control region. The gene organization and its order were similar to other vertebrates.

Complete mitochondrial genome organization of Schizothorax esocinus (Heckel, 1838).

The complete mitochondrial genome of Schizothorax esocinus, an endemic coldwater fish of Himalayas, was determined for the first time. The genome is 16,583 bp in length and consists of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNAs, 2rRNA genes and 1 putative control region. The gene organization and its order were similar to other vertebrates.

miR-29 acts as a decoy in sarcomas to protect the tumor suppressor A20 mRNA from degradation by HuR.

In sarcoma, the activity of NF-κB (nuclear factor κB) reduces the abundance of the microRNA (miRNA) miR-29. The tumor suppressor A20 [also known as TNFAIP3 (tumor necrosis factor-α-induced protein 3)] inhibits an upstream activator of NF-κB and is often mutated in lymphomas. In a panel of human sarcoma cell lines, we found that the activation of NF-κB was increased and, although the abundance of A20 protein and mRNA was decreased, the gene encoding A20 was rarely mutated.

Pharmacological and toxicological evaluation of Urtica dioica.

Context: Medicinal plants are a largely unexplored source of drug repository. Urtica dioica L. (Urticaceae) is used in traditional medicine to treat diverse conditions.

IKKα-mediated signaling circuitry regulates early B lymphopoiesis during hematopoiesis.

Multiple transcription factors regulate B-cell commitment, which is coordinated with myeloid-erythroid lineage differentiation. NF-κB has long been speculated to regulate early B-cell development; however, this issue remains controversial. IκB kinase-α (IKKα) is required for splenic B-cell maturation but not for BM B-cell development.

Norlittorine and norhyoscyamine identified as products of littorine and hyoscyamine metabolism by (13)C-labeling in Datura innoxia hairy roots.

The presence of two compounds, norlittorine and norhyoscyamine, has been reported in leaves and roots of Datura innoxia; however their metabolic origin in the tropane alkaloid pathway has remained unknown. Precise knowledge of this pathway is a necessary pre-requisite to optimize the production of hyoscyamine and scopolamine in D. innoxia hairy root cultures.