Differential Gene Expression and Transcriptomics Reveal High M-Gene Expression in JN.1 and KP.1/2 Omicron Sub-Variants of SARS-CoV-2: Implications for Developing More Sensitive Diagnostic Tests.

SARS-CoV-2, a positive-strand RNA virus, utilizes both genomic replication and subgenomic mRNA transcription. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) from clinical samples can estimate viral gene expression levels. WGS was conducted on 529 SARS-CoV-2 positive clinical samples from Assam and northeastern India to track viral emergence and assess gene expression patterns.

Hydrophobic iron oxide nanoparticles: Controlled synthesis and phase transfer via flash nanoprecipitation.

Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) synthesized via thermal decomposition find diverse applications in biomedicine owing to precise control of their physico-chemical properties. However, use in such applications requires phase transfer from organic solvent to water, which remains a bottleneck. Through the thermal decomposition of iron oleate (FeOl), we systematically investigate the impact of synthesis conditions such as oleic acid (OA) amount, temperature increase rate, dwell time, and solvent on the size, magnetic saturation, and crystallinity of IONPs.

Sacral nerve stimulation leads to long-term improvement in fecal incontinence and quality of life for children with functional and organic defecation disorders.

Background: Our objective was to evaluate long-term outcomes of sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) for children with functional and organic defecation disorders.

Methods: We performed a prospective study of children <21 years of age who started SNS treatment between 2012 and 2018. We recorded demographics, medical history, and diagnostic testing.

Significance of retrograde flow with antegrade continence enemas in children with fecal incontinence and constipation.

Background: For children with constipation and fecal incontinence treated with antegrade continence enemas (ACE), a fluoroscopic study with contrast administered via appendicostomy/cecostomy can define the anatomy of the colon and simulate the flush to investigate associated symptoms or inadequate response. These studies can at times show retrograde flow into the small intestine. Our objective was to investigate the significance of this finding.

Early childhood-onset rumination syndrome is clinically distinct from adolescent-onset rumination syndrome.

Objectives: Rumination syndrome (RS) beginning in early childhood or infancy is understudied and challenging to treat. Our objective is to compare the characteristics and outcomes of early-onset (EO) and adolescent-onset (AO) patients with RS.

Methods: We conducted an ambidirectional cohort study of children diagnosed with RS at our institution.

An outbreak of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis due to Coxsackievirus A24 in a residential school, Naharlagun, Arunachal Pradesh: July 2023.

Purpose: An acute conjunctivitis outbreak was investigated at a residential school in Naharlagun, Arunachal Pradesh, Northeast India, in July 2023. We aimed to identify the etiological agent and assess any complications in follow-up cases.

Methods: We used a structured questionnaire to record clinical findings and followed up with cases one-month post-conjunctivitis.

The Role of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 Alpha in Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure.

Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is associated with increased mortality. Specific therapy options are limited. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) has been linked to the pathogenesis of chronic liver disease (CLD), but the role of HIF-1α in ACLF is poorly understood.

Presence of fimH and iss type 1, 2 and 3 genes in uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolates recovered from an apex medical institute in North India.

Purpose: To detect the presence of fimH and iss type 1, 2 and 3 genes in uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) isolates recovered from patients coming to the out patient department (OPD) of our hospital.

Methods: E. coli isolates recovered from patients who had symptoms of urinary tract infection (UTI) were processed for the presence of fimH and iss genes.

Optimized synthesis of polyacrylic acid-coated magnetic nanoparticles for high-efficiency DNA isolation and size selection.

Solid-phase reversible immobilization (SPRI) bead technology is widely used in molecular biology for convenient DNA manipulation. However, commercial SPRI bead kits lack cost advantages and flexibility. It is, therefore, necessary to develop new and alternative cost-effective methods of on-par or better quality.

The Positive Impact of Combining Motor Imagery, Action Observation and Coach's Feedback on Archery Accuracy of Young Athletes.

In recent years, learning and motor control researchers have examined, in diverse ways, the practical strategies that enhance motor skill acquisition in sport. In this study we investigated the impact of combining Motor Imagery (MI), Feedback (F), and Action Observation (AO) on the quality of archery longbow shooting at a 10-meter target. We randomly assigned 60 young athletes to (a) a Control group (Control), (b) a Feedback and Motor Imagery group (F + MI), and (c) a Feedback, Motor Imagery, and Action Observation group (F + MI + AO).

Norovirus gastroenteritis in children under-five years hospitalized for diarrhea in two cities of northeast India: A retrospective study.

Purpose: Norovirus gastroenteritis, known to cause 'winter vomiting disease' is increasingly being identified as a major cause of viral gastroenteritis worldwide. The impact and prevalence of this viral disease are lacking in many parts of India including northeast India. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and association of norovirus gastroenteritis among under-five-year-old hospitalized children in two cities in northeast India (Dibrugarh in Assam & Dimapur in Nagaland).

Accuracy of Anorectal Manometry to Detect the Rectoanal Inhibitory Reflex in Children: Awake Versus Under General Anesthesia.

Objectives: Our objective was to investigate if there is a difference in the detection of the rectoanal inhibitory reflex (RAIR) when an anorectal manometry (ARM) is performed awake or under general anesthesia.

Methods: A retrospective review of ARM studies was performed to identify children who had undergone ARMs both while awake and under general anesthesia. We compared ARM outcomes including the detection of the RAIR and anal canal resting pressure.

A Retrospective Review of Baclofen Treatment for Children with Rumination Syndrome at a Single Center.

Background: Baclofen can decrease rumination frequency in adults with rumination syndrome. Outcomes of baclofen treatment in children with rumination syndrome have not been described. The aim of this study was to examine the safety and efficacy of baclofen in children with rumination syndrome in combination with behavioral therapy at a single center.

Multidisciplinary Tiered Care Is Effective for Children and Adolescents With Rumination Syndrome.

Objectives: Rumination syndrome (RS) can be challenging to treat and data on treatment outcomes in children are limited. The objective of this study was to evaluate outcomes of children with RS treated with tailored outpatient and inpatient strategies.

Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of children <18 years old with RS evaluated at our institution from 2018 to 2020.

Evaluation of Chronic Constipation in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Objectives: Chronic constipation occurs frequently in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The primary objective was to determine whether chronic constipation is associated with a higher rate of abnormal colonic motor activity in ASD children than in non-ASD children. A secondary goal was to determine if clinical variables could identify children with ASD at risk for possessing abnormal colonic motility.

Growing leaders from below: Identity-based worker education and identity-leader ability among self-employed women in India.

Informal and unregulated work is the norm rather than the exception in emerging economies. This study was conducted in India where nine out of 10 women are occupied in informal, unregulated work, and are vulnerable to low-wages, exploitation, and interconnected cultural and social-economic injustices. The Self-Employed Women's Association (SEWA) and their education wing the Indian Academy of Self-Employed Women encourage their members to self-define as "self-employed workers" and facilitate identity-based worker education and leadership training.

Providing a Constipation Action Plan to Families of Children With Constipation Decreases Health Care Utilization.

Objectives: To evaluate whether providing a constipation action plan (CAP) to families of children with constipation at outpatient gastroenterology (GI) visits affects health care utilization of the GI department.

Methods: We created a CAP to be included in the after visit summary of children seen in our GI Clinic. We compared the number of patient telephone calls, electronic messages, and urgent care (UC) visits, emergency department (ED) visits, and hospitalizations within 3 months after the visit of patients who received the CAP compared to those who did not using inverse probability treatment weighting (IPTW) analysis.

The Severity of COVID-19 in Diabetes Patients.

Aims: Diabetic patients are significantly stimulated by COVID-19 infection. The dreadful risk of COVID-19 mortality may be affected. In order to preserve precious lives, it is essential to comprehend how diabetes and COVID-19 are related, as well as how to manage diabetes.

Intensive Outpatient Treatment of Pediatric Rumination Syndrome in the Era of Telemedicine.

Objectives: We have had success treating children with severe rumination syndrome using a multidisciplinary intensive outpatient program (IOP) involving multiple treatment sessions daily. During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, we temporarily transitioned care to telemedicine. The objective of this study is to compare outcomes of patients with rumination syndrome who completed IOP treatment in person versus by telemedicine.

Anal Botulinum Toxin in Children with Hirschsprung Disease and Functional Constipation: A Prospective Cohort study.

Introduction:  Anal sphincter botulinum toxin injections (BTIs) are used in the treatment of children with severe defecation disorders, including Hirschsprung disease (HD) and functional constipation (FC). Our objective was to evaluate the outcomes of BTI in these children.

Materials And Methods:  We performed a prospective cohort study of children undergoing BTI from July 2018 to December 2018.

Next Gen Hawai'i: Collaborative COVID-19 Social Media Initiative to Engage Native Hawaiian, Other Pacific Islander, and Filipino Youth.

The Next Gen Hawai'i social media project was initiated in the fall of 2020 to address ongoing public health concerns and the need for accessible and reliable information across Hawai'i's diverse communities by strategically amplifying the voices of Hawai'i's youth in their Native languages. The collaborative effort arose from conversations within the Hawai'i's Native Hawaiian & Pacific Islander COVID-19 Response, Recovery, and Resilience Team, composed of diverse public and private organizations involved in statewide COVID-19 response efforts for Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander communities. Next Gen Hawai'i's focus was on Native Hawaiian, Pacific Islander, Filipino, and other populations disproportionately suffering from COVID-19.

Do we need an extra dimension? A pilot study on the use of three-dimensional anorectal manometry in children with functional constipation.

Background: Recently, a new high-definition (or three-dimensional "3D") high-resolution anorectal manometry (3D-ARM) catheter has been introduced. This catheter allows for a more detailed visualization of the anal canal. However, its clinical utility and tolerability in children with constipation are unknown.

Sticks and Stones, a conserved cell surface ligand for the Type IIa RPTP Lar, regulates neural circuit wiring in .

Type IIa receptor-like protein tyrosine phosphatases (RPTPs) are essential for neural development. They have cell adhesion molecule (CAM)-like extracellular domains that interact with cell-surface ligands and coreceptors. We identified the immunoglobulin superfamily CAM Sticks and Stones (Sns) as a new partner for the Type IIa RPTP Lar.

Gastric electrical stimulation improves symptoms and need for supplemental nutrition in children with severe nausea and vomiting: A ten-year experience.

Background: Gastric electrical stimulation (GES) is a promising therapy for children with severe nausea and vomiting, but information on long-term outcomes is limited. We sought to evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of GES and to describe patient benefit and satisfaction.

Methods: Using a prospective registry, we identified patients aged <21 years treated with GES at our institution between 2009 and 2019.