Attenuation of equine herpesvirus 1 through deletion of gE gene and its pathological evaluation in murine model.

Equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV1) infection is a global health problem in equines and the virus is responsible for abortions, respiratory disease and myeloencephalitis in horses. Disease management requires proper biosecurity and immunoprophylactic measures. Vaccines strengthening both arms of immunity are essential for proper control and there has been a continuous focus in this area for generation of better vaccines.

Double and quadruple deletion mutant of EHV-1 is highly attenuated and induces optimal immune response.

Equid alphaherpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) infection causes significant health problems in equines. The EHV-1 infection leads to abortion storm in mares, respiratory disease and myeloencephalopathy. Despite the wide use of vaccines, the outbreaks of EHV-1 infections keep occurring globally, suggesting the need for the development of improved vaccines.

Pathological and immunological protection induced by inactivated reverse genetics-based H3N8 equine influenza vaccine candidate in murine model.

Equine influenza (EI) is an important viral respiratory disease of equines caused by influenza A virus (IAV). The antigenic drift in IAVs necessitates regular updating and harmonization of vaccine strain with the circulating virus. The reverse genetics-based recombinant viruses could be easy instrument in generating vaccine against circulating virus in a quick and effective manner.

Protective efficacy of inactivated reverse genetics based equine influenza vaccine candidate adjuvanted with Montanide Pet Gel in murine model.

Equine influenza is a leading cause for respiratory illness in equines. Major control measures involve vaccination which requires continuous harmonization owing to antigenic drift. The present study focused on assessing the protective efficacy of an inactivated recombinant equine influenza virus (rgEIV) vaccine candidate adjuvanted with Montanide Pet Gel in murine model.

Poliovirus and Other Enteroviruses from Environmental Surveillance in Italy, 2009-2015.

Within the initiatives for poliomyelitis eradication by WHO, Italy activated an environmental surveillance (ES) in 2005. ES complements clinical Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP) surveillance for possible polio cases, detects poliovirus circulation in environmental sewage, and is used to monitor transmission in communities. In addition to polioviruses, the analyses comprised: (i) the monitoring of the presence of non-polio enteroviruses in sewage samples and (ii) the temporal and geographical distribution of the detected viruses.

Endorectal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan in rectal cancer: a comparative study.

Objectives: Endorectal ultrasound was compared with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the preoperative staging for patients with Rectal Cancer. Diagnostic accuracy was assessed with regards to the factors that might influence the risk of local relapse such as T, N and CRM (circumferential resection margin).

Methods: From January 2006 to April 2010, 64 patients with rectal cancer were studied preoperatively either by means of MRI scan of the pelvis or endorectal ultrasound scan in order to assess the intramural extension.

The role of endorectal ultrasonography in preoperative staging of rectal cancer.

Objectives: The aim of this paper is to enlight the role of endorectal ultrasonography in the preoperative staging of rectal cancer.

Methods: 83 patients having rectal cancer and candidates to surgery were studied with endorectal ultrasonography with a probe at a frequency up to 7.5 MHz probe.

[Congenital cystic bile duct dilatation: an incidental intraoperative finding].

In adulthood, choledochal cysts are often surprisingly discovered during cholecystectomy. We report here on a case of an unsuspected congenital type-IA biliary cyst, according to Todani's classification encountered during laparoscopic cholecystectomy in a 30-year-old woman complaining of acute abdominal pain with an unremarkable preoperative workup. The well-known risk of developing cystic cancer, mainly in the adult, means that an excisional operation is indicated to prevent such complications.

[Rectal prolapse: etiopathogenetic and therapeutic problems in psychiatric patients].

Rectum prolapse is a pathological condition which has long been considered as rare but whose occurrence has been progressively increasing in the past decades. There still exists a degree of uncertainty as to the disease etiopathology: moreover the exact relationship between rectum prolapse and psychic disorders which have been found in up to 50% of the patients with prolapse has not been clarified. Neither on the therapeutic level is there a common opinion as to the ideal surgical approach and over one hundred techniques have been suggested for the surgical correction of the prolapse.