Characteristics of the National Applicant Pool for Clinical Informatics Fellowships (2016-2017).

We conducted a national study to assess the numbers and diversity of applicants for 2016 and 2017 clinical informatics fellowship positions. In each year, we collected data on the number of applications that programs received from candidates who were ultimately successful vs. unsuccessful.

Spatial Mapping of Local Density Variations in Two-dimensional Electron Systems Using Scanning Photoluminescence.

We have developed a scanning photoluminescence technique that can directly map out the local two-dimensional electron density with a relative accuracy of ∼2.2 × 10 cm. The validity of this approach is confirmed by the observation of the expected density gradient in a high-quality GaAs quantum well sample that was not rotated during the molecular beam epitaxy of its spacer layer.

The historical context and scientific legacy of John O. Holloszy.

John O. Holloszy, as perhaps the world's preeminent exercise biochemist/physiologist, published >400 papers over his 50+ year career, and they have been cited >41,000 times. In 1965 Holloszy showed for the first time that exercise training in rodents resulted in a doubling of skeletal muscle mitochondria, ushering in a very active era of skeletal muscle plasticity research.

Improving the Patient Experience and Decreasing Patient Anxiety With Nursing Bedside Report.

Purpose: The study's purpose was to explore the patient experience in an intervention group participating in nursing bedside report and the control group not participating.

Design: This descriptive, observational study had 3 objectives: (1) to measure baseline anxiety on admission to the hospital using the Beck Anxiety Inventory, (2) to describe patient self-reported anxiety and patient experiences during hospitalization, and (3) to evaluate the opinions by the intervention group about participating in nursing bedside report.

Methods: This mixed-methods study included quantitative and qualitative data.

How Patients Use a Patient Portal: An Institutional Case Study of Demographics and Usage Patterns.

Background: Given the widespread electronic health record adoption, there is increasing interest to leverage patient portals to improve care.

Objective: To determine characteristics of patient portal users and the activities they accessed in the patient portal.

Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of patient portal usage at University of California, Los Angeles, Health from July 2014 to May 2015.

Opposing CSF hydrodynamic trends found in the cerebral aqueduct and prepontine cistern following shunt treatment in patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus.

Background: This study investigated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) hydrodynamics using cine phase-contrast MRI in the cerebral aqueduct and the prepontine cistern between three distinct groups: pre-shunt normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) patients, post-shunt NPH patients, and controls. We hypothesized that the hyperdynamic flow of CSF through the cerebral aqueduct seen in NPH patients was due to a reduction in cisternal CSF volume buffering. Both hydrodynamic (velocity, flow, stroke volume) and peak flow latency (PFL) parameters were investigated.

Negative longitudinal magnetoresistance in gallium arsenide quantum wells.

Negative longitudinal magnetoresistances (NLMRs) have been recently observed in a variety of topological materials and often considered to be associated with Weyl fermions that have a defined chirality. Here we report NLMRs in non-Weyl GaAs quantum wells. In the absence of a magnetic field the quantum wells show a transition from semiconducting-like to metallic behaviour with decreasing temperature.

The Neuro-Orthopaedic Approach.

Upper motor neuron disease or injury can lead to muscle spasticity or nonfunction throughout the body. Imbalance in muscle forces predisposes patients to development of functional deficiencies, contractures, pain, and poor hygiene. The approach to neuro-orthopaedic patients is by necessity multidisciplinary, because a variety of nonsurgical and surgical options are available.

Unconventional Anisotropic Even-Denominator Fractional Quantum Hall State in a System with Mass Anisotropy.

The fractional quantum Hall state (FQHS) observed at a half-filled Landau level in an interacting two-dimensional electron system (2DES) is among the most exotic states of matter as its quasiparticles are expected to be Majorana excitations with non-Abelian statistics. We demonstrate here the unexpected presence of such a state in a novel 2DES with a strong band-mass anisotropy. The FQHS we observe has unusual characteristics.

What Explains Associations of Researchers' Nation of Origin and Scores on a Measure of Professional Decision-Making? Exploring Key Variables and Interpretation of Scores.

Researchers encounter challenges that require making complex professional decisions. Strategies such as seeking help and anticipating consequences support decision-making in these situations. Existing evidence on a measure of professional decision-making in research (the PDR) that assesses the use of decision-making strategies revealed that NIH-funded researchers born outside of the U.

Pediatric Lawnmower Injuries and Strategies for Prevention: A Systematic Review.

Background: Lawnmower injuries remain a preventable cause of serious morbidity and even mortality in children. We aimed to characterize lawnmower injuries in children and to describe reported mechanisms through a review of the literature to better understand these injuries and their prevention.

Methods: The Embase and MEDLINE databases were queried for studies pertaining to pediatric lawnmower injuries, along with manual searching of references of included studies and Google Scholar searches.

Transcriptional profiling of isogenic Friedreich ataxia neurons and effect of an HDAC inhibitor on disease signatures.

Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by transcriptional silencing of the frataxin () gene, resulting in loss of the essential mitochondrial protein frataxin. Based on the knowledge that a GAA·TTC repeat expansion in the first intron of induces heterochromatin, we previously showed that 2-aminobenzamide-type histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) increase mRNA levels in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived FRDA neurons and in circulating lymphocytes from patients after HDACi oral administration. How the reduced expression of frataxin leads to neurological and other systemic symptoms in FRDA patients remains unclear.

Unveiling the Role of the Most Impactful Cardiovascular Risk Locus through Haplotype Editing.

The 9p21.3 cardiovascular disease locus is the most influential common genetic risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD), accounting for ∼10%-15% of disease in non-African populations. The ∼60 kb risk haplotype is human-specific and lacks coding genes, hindering efforts to decipher its function.

Astrocytes "Chordinate" Synapse Maturation and Plasticity.

A key step in excitatory synapse maturation is the switch in AMPA receptor subunit composition to GluA2-containing calcium-impermeable receptors. Now, Blanco-Suarez et al. (2018) demonstrate that astrocyte-secreted chordin-like 1 drives this process, enabling synapse maturation and limiting plasticity.

Erratum: Direct observation of composite fermions and their fully-spin-polarized Fermi sea near ν=5/2 [Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 256601 (2018)].

This corrects the article DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.120.

Human Chronic Necrotizing Granulomatous Meningoencephalitis: A Novel Case Report.

Necrotizing and granulomatous meningoencephalitis are common central nervous system diseases known to affect canines. To date, necrotizing granulomatous meningoencephalitis has yet to be described in humans. Current studies of presumed pathogenesis and possible treatment options have only been described in canines.

Approaching Unusual Pediatric Distal Humerus Fracture Patterns.

Pediatric distal humerus fractures are common, and numerous variations can occur depending on patient's age, position of the extremity at the time of injury, and energy of impact. Classic injury patterns include the flexion/extension supracondylar humerus, medial epicondyle, lateral condyle, and the transphyseal distal humerus. We describe our treatment philosophy for pediatric elbow fractures and how these principles were applied to some unusual fractures that presented to our institution.

Response to a National Issue: Moving Beyond "Back to Sleep" at Three Hospitals.

Purpose: To measure changes in registered nurse (RN) knowledge/beliefs and practices, parents' recall of infant safe sleep (ISS) teaching, and inpatient infant sleep environments and safety after implementing an ISS initiative.

Design And Methods: This longitudinal quasi-experimental study took place in three hospitals in the United States. An existing infant safe sleep tool was revised and updated to align with current recommendations on sleep environments.

Women's experience of social egg freezing: perceptions of success, risks, and 'going it alone'.

Very few studies have explored women's experiences of social egg freezing and the limited primary research on this topic has suggested that users find the process of freezing eggs emotionally challenging. We, therefore, undertook semi-structured interviews with 31 women who identified as undergoing egg freezing for social reasons in order to explore how female users of social egg freezing technology reported their experience of freezing eggs for 'social' reasons. Interviews lasted between 40 minutes and 2 hours, were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim.

Evaluation of a Language and Literacy Enhancement Program.

Reading aloud to children encourages language development. Pediatricians promote reading practices through Reach Out and Read (ROR) and other methods. This exploratory study sought to examine the value that supplemental materials promoting "Touch, Talk, Read, Play" (TTRP) might provide in addition to ROR.

Diagnostic Approach to Chronic Meningitis.

Chronic meningitis is defined as cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis that persists for at least 4 weeks without spontaneous resolution. The differential diagnosis of chronic meningitis is broad, encompassing 4 main categories, including infectious, autoimmune, neoplastic, and idiopathic. Up to one-third of cases have no discernible cause, making chronic meningitis a diagnostic dilemma for many clinicians.

Intra-operative computed tomography guided navigation for pediatric pelvic instrumentation: A technique guide.

Pelvic instrumentation for neuromuscular scoliosis has been part of neuromuscular scoliosis surgery since the era of the Luque Galveston construct. Unit Rod (Medtronic Sofamor-Danek, Nashville, TN) instrumentation brought with it the concept of cantilever correction by placing the implants in the pelvis and then gradually bringing the rod to the spine by sequentially tightening the sublaminar wires, with the goal of creating a level pelvis over a straight spine. More recently surgeons have utilized pedicle screw constructs in which the corrective strategies have varied.