The role of uncertain reward in voluntary task-switching as revealed by pupillometry and gaze.

Cognitive flexibility, the brain's ability to adjust to changes in the environment, is a critical component of executive functioning. Previous literature shows a robust relationship between reward dynamics and flexibility: flexibility is highest when reward changes, while flexibility decreases when reward remains stable. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of uncertain reward in a voluntary task switching paradigm on behavior, pupillometry, and eye gaze.

Draft genome sequence of sp. strain NSM2, isolated from a wastewater treatment plant.

Here, we report the draft genome sequence of sp. NSM2, isolated from a wastewater treatment plant. This strain was enriched using methane as the sole carbon source.

A metagenomics-based approach to decipher the resistome and mobilome of two seahorse species, Hippocampus barbouri and Hippocampus comes.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the abundance and diversity of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in seahorses (Hippocampus barbouri and Hippocampus comes) and their surrounding environment.

Methods: A combination of shotgun metagenomics and bioinformatics was used to investigate the resistome of both seahorse species.

Results: The analyses demonstrated a higher abundance of ARGs in seahorse-associated microbiomes, particularly in skin and gut samples, compared to those from water and sediment.

Nature-based bioreactors: Tackling antibiotic resistance in urban wastewater treatment.

The overuse and misuse of antibiotics have accelerated the selection of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, significantly impacting human, animal, and environmental health. As aquatic environments are vulnerable to antibiotic resistance, suitable management practices should be adopted to tackle this phenomenon. Here we show an effective, nature-based solution for reducing antibiotic resistance from actual wastewater.

Variability of faecal microbiota and antibiotic resistance genes in flocks of migratory gulls and comparison with the surrounding environment.

Gulls commonly rely on human-generated waste as their primary food source, contributing to the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and their resistance genes, both locally and globally. Our understanding of this process remains incomplete, particularly in relation to its potential interaction with surrounding soil and water. We studied the lesser black-backed gull, Larus fuscus, as a model to examine the spatial variation of faecal bacterial communities, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) and its relationship with the surrounding water and soil.

Shotgun Metagenomics Reveals Taxonomic and Functional Patterns of the Microbiome Associated with Barbour's Seahorse (Hippocampus barbouri).

This study aimed to investigate the taxonomic and functional patterns of the microbiome associated with Barbour's seahorse (Hippocampus barbouri) using a combination of shotgun metagenomics and bioinformatics. The analyses revealed that Pseudomonadota and Bacillota were the dominant phyla in the seahorse skin microbiome, whereas Pseudomonadota and, to a lesser extent, Bacillota and Bacteroidota were the dominant phyla in the seahorse gut microbiome. Several metabolic pathway categories were found to be enriched in the skin microbiome, including amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, cofactor and vitamin metabolism, energy metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, as well as membrane transport, signal transduction, and cellular community-prokaryotes.

Distinctive effects of graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide on methane production kinetics and pharmaceuticals removal in anaerobic reactors.

Graphene oxide (GO) addition to anaerobic digestion has been suggested to enhance direct electron transfer. The impact of GO (0.075 g GO g VS) and biologically and hydrothermally reduced GO (bio-rGO and h-rGO, respectively) on the methane production kinetics and removal of 12 pharmaceuticals was assessed in Fed-batch reactors.

Genomic analysis of a novel phage vB_SenS_ST1UNAM with lytic activity against Salmonella enterica serotypes.

In this study, we present the complete annotated genome of a novel Salmonella phage, vB_SenS_ST1UNAM. This phage exhibits lytic activity against several Salmonella enterica serotypes, such as S. Typhi, S.

Why tRNA acquisition could be relevant to bacteriophages?

In this opinion, we discuss the role of tRNAs in phage biology and their importance in DNA replication and phage-host interactions. Phages are a diverse group of obligate bacterial viruses that possess genomes with a wide range of sizes. Among them, we find phages with few genes that depend entirely on their host's translational machinery for replication.

Genomic characterization of a WHO critical priority isolate ST2070 harboring OXA-10, KPC-2, and CTX-M-12 recovered from a water irrigation channel in Ecuador.

The discharge of untreated or partially treated wastewater can have detrimental impacts on the quality of water bodies, posing a significant threat to public health and the environment. In Ecuador, previous research indicates a high prevalence of antimicrobial resistant (AMR) bacteria in surface waters affected by human activities, including irrigation channels. In this study, we analyzed sediment samples collected from an irrigation channel utilized for agricultural purposes in northern Ecuador, using microbiological techniques and whole-genome sequencing (WGS).

Chromatin Remodeling in Patient-Derived Colorectal Cancer Models.

Patient-Derived Organoids (PDO) and Xenografts (PDX) are the current gold standards for patient-derived models of cancer (PDMC). Nevertheless, how patient tumor cells evolve in these models and the impact on drug response remains unclear. Herein, the transcriptomic and chromatin accessibility landscapes of matched colorectal cancer (CRC) PDO, PDX, PDO-derived PDX (PDOX), and original patient tumors (PT) are compared.

Lung ultrasound is a promising screening tool to rule out interstitial lung disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Background And Objective: It is still controversial how to screen for interstitial lung disease (ILD) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We aimed to evaluate the performance of lung ultrasound (LUS) as a screening tool for RA-ILD and to compare it with the performance of chest auscultation, chest x-ray and pulmonary function tests (PFTs).

Methods: Cross-sectional study of consecutive RA patients evaluated at a Rheumatology Clinic in Buenos Aires between January and December 2022.

Accumulation of polyethylene microplastics in river biofilms and effect on the uptake, biotransformation and toxicity of the antimicrobial triclosan.

The interaction of multiple stressors in freshwater ecosystems may lead to adverse effects on aquatic communities and their ecological functions. Microplastics (MPs) are a class of contaminants of emerging concern that can exert both direct and indirect ecotoxicological effects. A growing number of studies have investigated MPs-attached microbial communities, but the interaction between MPs and substrate-associated biofilm (i.

Winged resistance: Storks and gulls increase carriage of antibiotic resistance by shifting from paddy fields to landfills.

Waterbirds are vectors for the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance across environments, with some species increasingly reliant on highly anthropized habitats for feeding. However, data on the impact of their feeding habits on the carriage of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are still scarce. To fill this gap, we examined the microbiota (16S rRNA amplicon gene sequencing) and the prevalence of ARG (high-throughput qPCR of 47 genes) in faeces from white storks (Ciconia ciconia) and lesser black-backed gulls (Larus fuscus) feeding in highly (landfill) and less (paddy fields) polluted habitats.

Phages in vermicomposts enrich functional gene content and facilitate pesticide degradation in soil.

Organic fertilizer microbiomes play substantial roles in soil ecological functions, including improving soil structure, crop yield, and pollutant dissipation. However, limited information is available about the ecological functions of phages and phage-encoded auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs) in orga9nic fertilizers. Here we used a combination of metagenomics and phage transplantation trials to investigate the phage profiles and their potential roles in pesticide degradation in four organic fertilizers from different sources.

Occurrence and risk assessment of pharmaceuticals in hospital wastewater in Costa Rica.

This work aims to determine the occurrence, hazard and prioritization of pharmaceuticals from hospital wastewater in Costa Rica through the monitoring of 70 compounds and assessing their environmental risk through a hazard quotient approach (HQ). Moreover, the quantification of selected antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) was conducted for the first time in this matrix in this geographical location. Thirty-four pharmaceuticals were detected, being caffeine, 1,7-dimethylxanthine, acetaminophen, ibuprofen, naproxen, ciprofloxacin and ketoprofen the most frequent (>50% of the samples).

Rapid lymphatic malformation expansion: Imaging, association with asymptomatic infection, multidisciplinary management, and therapeutic approach.

Lymphatic malformations are congenital anomalies of the lymphatic system that can occur anywhere in the body and typically present in early childhood. They are often painless, slow-growing, and asymptomatic, but may lead to a wide range of symptoms depending on their size and location. Rarely, congenital malformations may not be diagnosed until later in childhood or adolescence, despite being present from birth.

Impact of graphene oxide addition on pharmaceuticals removal in anaerobic membrane bioreactor.

The addition of conductive materials to the anaerobic digestion bioreactor was suggested to enhance microbial activity. In the present work, an anaerobic membrane bioreactor treating municipal wastewater was operated for 385 days. The impact of different graphene oxide concentrations on the removal target pharmaceuticals and microbial community dynamics was investigated.

Benzo[a]pyrene stress impacts adaptive strategies and ecological functions of earthworm intestinal viromes.

The earthworm gut virome influences the structure and function of the gut microbiome, which in turn influences worm health and ecological functions. However, despite its ecological and soil quality implications, it remains elusive how earthworm intestinal phages respond to different environmental stress, such as soil pollution. Here we used metagenomics and metatranscriptomics to investigate interactions between the worm intestinal phages and their bacteria under different benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) concentrations.