The Role of Cultural Capital in Self-Reported Alexithymia and Empathy.

Background: Sociocultural factors play an essential role in the way we process and express emotions. In this study, we asked whether Cultural Capital (CC)-the set of knowledge, cultural codes, and skills embodied by people-explains individual differences in two constructs measuring the capacity to understand our own emotions (alexithymia) or others' emotions (empathy).

Method: A pre-registered survey was conducted with an Italian sample (N = 475).

Psychometric properties of the Beliefs About Adults with ID Scale in American physicians: Application of classical test and Rasch measurement theories.

Background: Physicians' erroneous assumptions about individuals with intellectual disability (ID) negatively impact the quality of care provided to this population. This study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of the Beliefs About Adults with ID (BAID), an instrument we developed for measuring physicians' erroneous assumptions about adults with ID.

Methods: Two hundred ninety-two American physicians participated.

PsycAssist: A Web-Based Artificial Intelligence System Designed for Adaptive Neuropsychological Assessment and Training.

Assessing executive functions in individuals with disorders or clinical conditions can be challenging, as they may lack the abilities needed for conventional test formats. The use of more personalized test versions, such as adaptive assessments, might be helpful in evaluating individuals with specific needs. This paper introduces PsycAssist, a web-based artificial intelligence system designed for neuropsychological adaptive assessment and training.

The Impact of UFP-512 in Mice with Osteoarthritis Pain: The Role of Hydrogen Sulfide.

The pain-relieving properties of opioids in inflammatory and neuropathic pain are heightened by hydrogen sulfide (HS). However, whether allodynia and functional and/or emotional impairments related to osteoarthritis (OA) could be reduced by activating δ-opioid receptors (DOR) and the plausible influence of HS on these actions has not been completely established. In female C57BL/6J mice with OA pain generated via monosodium acetate (MIA), we analyze: (i) the effects of UFP-512 (a DOR agonist), given alone and co-administered with two HS donors, on the symptoms of allodynia, loss of grip strength (GS), and anxiodepressive-like comportment; (ii) the reversion of UFP-512 actions with naltrindole (a DOR antagonist), and (iii) the impact of UFP-512 on the expression of phosphorylated NF-kB inhibitor alpha (p-IKBα) and the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD-1) and glutathione sulfur transferase M1 (GSTM1); and the effects of HS on DOR levels in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG), amygdala (AMG), and hippocampus (HIP) of MIA-injected animals.

Italian Adaptation of the Diagnostic Adaptive Behavior Scale: Application of the Best Practices for Translating and Adapting Tests.

Background: The presence during the developmental period of significant limitations in adaptive behavior is an essential component along with deficits in intellectual functioning for diagnosing intellectual disability. Only the Diagnostic Adaptive Behavior Scale (DABS) specifically assesses the required significant limitations in adaptive behavior. The DABS allows measuring the three adaptive behavior domains of conceptual, practical, and social skills, in individuals aged 4 to 21.

Corrigendum to "Socioeconomic Status, Cultural Capital, and Social Capital in Adults: A Structural Equation Model" [Psicothema 34(1), 74-83].

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7334/psicothema2023.

The Effects of the COVID-19-induced Lockdown on the Social Capital and Cultural Capital in Italy.

Unlabelled: The present study investigated the effects of the first COVID-19 lockdown on the Cultural and Social Capitals in Italy in a large group of adults ( = 1125). The relationships between the COVID-19 spread and participants' Cultural Capital, Social Capital, educational level, occupational prestige, and age were studied using structural equation models. For women but not for men, pandemic spread was positively affected by occupational prestige and it had a positive relationship with their Social Capital (women: CFI = 0.

Vertical effects of distalization protocol with Clear aligners in Class II patients: a prospective study.

Background: The aim of the present prospective study was to detect the effects on vertical dentoskeletal dimension produced by molar distalization with Clear Aligners in a group of subjects with Class II malocclusion.

Methods: The Clear Aligners Group (CAG) comprised 20 patients (13 females, seven males) with a mean age of 17.2±3.

Bv8 mediates myeloid cell migration and enhances malignancy of colorectal cancer.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most predominant malignancy in the world. Although the importance of immune system in cancer development has been well established, the underlying mechanisms remain to be investigated further. Here we studied a novel protein prokineticin 2 (Prok2, also known as Bv8) as a key pro-tumoral factor in CRC progression in and settings.

Prokineticin 1 is a novel factor regulating porcine corpus luteum function.

Prokineticin 1 (PROK1) is a pleiotropic factor secreted by endocrine glands; however, its role has not been studied in the corpus luteum (CL) during pregnancy in any species. The present study aimed to investigate the contribution of PROK1 in regulating processes related to porcine CL function and regression: steroidogenesis, luteal cell apoptosis and viability, and angiogenesis. The luteal expression of PROK1 was greater on Days 12 and 14 of pregnancy compared to Day 9.

Blocking prokineticin receptors attenuates synovitis and joint destruction in collagen-induced arthritis.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease mediated by an interdependent network of proinflammatory molecules such as chemokines. Prokineticin 2 (PK2) is a chemokine-like peptide that modulates nociceptive threshold and immuno-inflammatory processes via two G-protein-linked receptors, prokineticin receptor 1 and 2 (PKR1 and PKR2). In the present study, we investigated the effects of the prokineticin receptor antagonist PC1 on arthritic pain and the inflammatory response in type II collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice.

Differences in Self and Proxy Assessments of Self-Determination in Young People with Intellectual Disability: The Role of Personal and Contextual Variables.

Background: Assessing self-determination in students with intellectual disabilities (IDs) is a primary step in facilitating progress monitoring. Researchers have developed both self and proxy assessments to favor a more in-depth evaluation of self-determination expression. However, to date, limited research has explored the congruence between both assessments.

A new measure of physicians' erroneous assumptions towards adults with intellectual disability: A first study.

Background: Incomplete knowledge and unfamiliarity with intellectual disability (ID) contribute to erroneous assumptions of physicians towards ID, which negatively impact the health equity of people with ID. This study aimed to identify the erroneous assumptions that, based on the ID stakeholders' perceptions, were the most prevalent in physicians and damaging for the healthcare of adults with ID, verify their unidimensionality and that no personal characteristics of ID stakeholders were associated with their ratings of erroneous assumptions' prevalence and damage.

Methods: Seventy-four possible physician erroneous assumptions were developed concerning health, daily living skills and quality of life of individuals with ID.

Investigation on Hydrazonobenzenesulfonamides as Human Carbonic Anhydrase I, II, IX and XII Inhibitors.

A small series of hydrazonobenzenesulfonamides was designed, synthesized and studied for their human carbonic anhydrase (hCA) inhibitory activity. The synthesized compounds were evaluated against hCA I, II, IX and XII isoforms using acetazolamide (AAZ) as the standard inhibitor. Various hydrazonosulfonamide derivatives showed inhibitory activity at low nanomolar levels with selectivity against the cytosolic hCA II isoform, as well as the transmembrane, tumor-associated enzymes hCA IX and XII.

Developmental disabilities in Africa: A scientometric review.

Background: Developmental disabilities are disproportionately more investigated in higher-income countries. However, global prevalence of developmental disabilities indicate that a large proportion of individuals with disabilities reside in low- and middle-income nations.

Aims: The present work therefore aims to conduct a scientometric review to survey available literature on developmental disabilities in low- and middle-income countries belonging to the continent of Africa.

Synthesis of Sulfonamides Incorporating Piperidinyl-Hydrazidoureido and Piperidinyl-Hydrazidothioureido Moieties and Their Carbonic Anhydrase I, II, IX and XII Inhibitory Activity.

Here we report a small library of hydrazinocarbonyl-ureido and thioureido benzenesulfonamide derivatives, designed and synthesized as potent and selective human carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (hCAIs). The synthesized compounds were evaluated against isoforms hCA I, II, IX and XII using acetazolamide (AAZ) as standard inhibitor. Several urea and thiourea derivatives showed inhibitory activity at low nanomolar levels with selectivity against the cytosolic hCA II isoform, as well as the transmembrane, tumor-associated enzymes hCA IX and XII.

Adaptation of the personal social capital brief scale for the measurement of the offline and online social capital in Italy.

Social Capital refers to the resources associated with durable and trustworthy social connections. Social Capital can be developed through offline and online relationships. It can be distinguished between cognitive Social Capital (perception of trustworthiness, reciprocity, and support) and structural Social Capital (density of social networks and membership, and participation in groups and associations).

Diagnostic accuracy of CompCog: reaction time as a screening measure for mild cognitive impairment.

Background: Reaction time is affected under different neurological conditions but has not been much investigated considering all types of mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Objective: This study investigated the diagnostic accuracy of CompCog, a computerized cognitive screening battery focusing on reaction time measurements.

Methods: A sample of 52 older adults underwent neuropsychological assessments, including CompCog, and medical appointments, to be classified as a control group or be diagnosed with MCI.

Hydrogen Sulfide Increases the Analgesic Effects of µ- and δ-Opioid Receptors during Neuropathic Pain: Pathways Implicated.

Recent studies have revealed that hydrogen sulfide (HS) increases the analgesic actions of the δ-opioid receptor (DOR) in inflammatory pain. However, the possible improvement of the analgesia of μ-opioid receptor (MOR) and DOR agonists during neuropathic pain, through pretreatment with two slow-releasing HS donors-DADS (diallyl disulfide) and GYY4137 (morpholin-4-ium 4-methoxyphenyl(morpholino) phosphinodithioate dichloromethane complex)-is still unknown. In male C57BL/6J mice with neuropathic pain incited by chronic constriction of the sciatic nerve (CCI), we evaluated: (1) the influence of DADS (3.

A Critical Role of δ-Opioid Receptor in Anti-microglial Activation Under Stress.

Microglia are involved in the regulation of cerebral homeostasis and pathogen confrontation. There is, however, evidence showing that excessive microglia activation is implicated in various age-related cerebral diseases. On the other hand, microglia may experience complex changes of polarization in pathological insults, i.

WHODAS-Child: psychometric properties of the WHODAS 2.0 for children and youth among Italian children with autism spectrum disorder.

Purpose: A contribution to the Italian adaptation of the original English version of the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 for children and youth (WHODAS-Child), proxy-administered among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) without intellectual disability.

Materials And Methods: Observational and retrospective study with within-dependent variables by cross-sectional sampling on psychometric properties (internal consistency and construct/criterion validity) of the 36- and 7-item versions of the Italian WHODAS-Child.

Evidence of the validity of a novel version of the computerized cognitive screening battery CompCog.

Unlabelled: Although the availability of the computer-based assessment has increased over the years, neuropsychology has not carried out a significant paradigm shift since the personal computer's popularization in the 1980s. To keep up with the technological advances of healthcare and neuroscience in general, more efforts must be made in the field of clinical neuropsychology to develop and validate new and more technology-based instruments, especially considering new variables and paradigms when compared to paper and pencil tests.

Objective: This study's objective was to produce concurrent validity evidence of the novel version of the computerized cognitive screening battery CompCog.

Predictors of individual quality of life in young people with Down syndrome.

Purpose/objective: Although the concept of quality of life (QoL) has become a reference framework for the provision of support and services to people with intellectual disability (ID), its conceptualization and application for persons with Down syndrome (DS) have received little attention. This study analyzed QoL outcomes in children and young people with DS and examined the influence of several individual and environmental variables on QoL.

Research Method/design: A cross-sectional study was conducted.