Unlocking the paracrine crosstalk: adipocyte-derived factors affect carbonic anhydrase IX expression in colon and breast cancer cells.

Obesity is a major public health concern because it increases the risk of several diseases, including cancer. Crosstalk between obesity and cancer seems to be very complex, and the interaction between adipocytes and cancer cells leads to changes in adipocytes' function and their paracrine signaling, promoting a microenvironment that supports tumor growth. Carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) is a tumor-associated enzyme that not only participates in pH regulation but also facilitates metabolic reprogramming and supports the migration, invasion, and metastasis of cancer cells.

Influence of proline and hydroxyproline as antimicrobial and anticancer peptide components on the silver(I) ion activity: structural and biological evaluation with a new theoretical and experimental SAR approach.

Silver(I) complexes with proline and hydroxyproline were synthesized and structurally characterized and crystal structure analysis shows that the formulas of the compounds are {[Ag(Pro)(NO)]NO} (AgPro) (Pro = L-proline) and {[Ag(Hyp)(NO)]NO} (AgHyp) (Hyp = -4-hydroxy-L-proline). Both complexes crystallize in the monoclinic lattice with space group 2 with a carboxylate bidentate-bridging coordination mode of the organic ligands Pro and Hyp (with NH and COO groups in zwitterionic form). Both complexes have a distorted seesaw (C) geometry around one silver(I) ion with values of 58% (AgPro) and 51% (AgHyp).

Formulation optimization and evaluation of oromucosal in situ gel loaded with silver nanoparticles prepared by green biosynthesis.

Treating oral diseases remains challenging as API is quickly washed out of the application site by saliva turnover and mouth movements. In situ gels are a class of application forms that present sol-gel transition's ability as a response to stimuli. Their tunable properties are provided using smart polymers responsible for stimuli sensitivity, often providing mucoadhesivity.

Enantioselective Total Syntheses of Cassane Furanoditerpenoids and Their Stimulation of Cellular Respiration in Brown Adipocytes.

We report the first and enantioselective total syntheses of (+)-1-deacetylcaesalmin C, (+)-δ-caesalpin, (+)-norcaesalpinin MC, and (+)-norcaesalpinin P. Salient features of the synthetic strategy are an exo-selective intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction of a furanoquinone monoketal and subsequent chemoselective reduction of the resulting pentacyclic furfuryl ketal, furnishing a keystone intermediate. The latter enables access to the collection of natural products through implementation of stereoselective oxidations.

Inhibition of AXL receptor tyrosine kinase enhances brown adipose tissue functionality in mice.

The current obesity epidemic and high prevalence of metabolic diseases necessitate efficacious and safe treatments. Brown adipose tissue in this context is a promising target with the potential to increase energy expenditure, however no pharmacological treatments activating brown adipose tissue are currently available. Here, we identify AXL receptor tyrosine kinase as a regulator of adipose function.

FAM3D: A gut secreted protein and its potential in the regulation of glucose metabolism.

The number of diabetic patients is rising globally and concomitantly so do the diabetes associated complications. The gut secretes a variety of proteins to control blood glucose levels and/or food intake. As the drug class of GLP-1 agonists is based on a gut secreted peptide and the positive metabolic effects of bariatric surgery are at least partially mediated by gut peptides, we were interested in other gut secreted proteins which have yet to be explored.

In Situ Gel with Silver Nanoparticles Prepared Using L. Shows Antibacterial Activity.

Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) with antibacterial activity can be prepared in different ways. In our case, we used ecological green synthesis with L. The plant extract was used with Ag NPs for the first time to prepare termosensitive in situ gels (ISGs).

The Role of Silver Nanoparticles in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer: Are There Any Perspectives for the Future?

Cancer is a fatal disease with a complex pathophysiology. Lack of specificity and cytotoxicity, as well as the multidrug resistance of traditional cancer chemotherapy, are the most common limitations that often cause treatment failure. Thus, in recent years, significant efforts have concentrated on the development of a modernistic field called nano-oncology, which provides the possibility of using nanoparticles (NPs) with the aim to detect, target, and treat cancer diseases.

Plasma proteome alterations in prediabetic, obese Zucker rats - possible cardiovascular risk implications.

Hyperphagia and obesity, which underlie metabolic syndrome, have been linked to multiple health complications and increased mortality. Here, we investigate the differences in plasma proteome between obese and lean Zucker rats in order to identify circulating proteins involved in obesity-related conditions. Plasma samples of male Zucker fatty (obese) rats carrying fatty fa/fa mutation (-/-) and their lean controls were enriched using ProteoMiner technology and labeled with isobaric tags (iTRAQ) for mass spectrometry-based quantitation.

Mechanochemical synthesis of non-stoichiometric copper sulfide CuS applicable as a photocatalyst and antibacterial agent and synthesis scalability verification.

An effort to prepare different non-stoichiometric CuS compounds starting from elemental precursors using mechanochemistry was made in this study. However, out of the 7 stoichiometries tested, it was only possible to obtain three phases: covellite CuS, chalcocite CuS and digenite CuS and their mixtures. To obtain the digenite phase with the highest purity, the Cu : S stoichiometric ratio needed to be fixed at 1.

Mitochondrial transformation occurs in cultured adipocytes, but fails to increase adipose tissue metabolic activity in mice in vivo.

A large number of studies in recent years have aimed to devise novel therapeutic strategies to increase adipose tissue metabolic activity and fight the global obesity epidemics. Growing evidence suggests that cells are able to accept isolated mitochondria by a simple coincubation in a process known as mitochondrial transformation. Therefore, we aimed to test whether mitochondrial transformation occurs in mature adipocytes, and whether this phenomenon could be utilized as a therapeutic approach to increase adipose tissue mitochondrial content and improve metabolic control.

Antiproliferative Effect of Rupr. Based on Angiogenesis.

Rupr. is medicinal plant used for supplemental therapy of various diseases based on their positive biological activities. The aim of this study was evaluated the main metabolite, safety of application and anticancer potential.

Identification of a regulatory pathway inhibiting adipogenesis via RSPO2.

Healthy adipose tissue remodeling depends on the balance between de novo adipogenesis from adipogenic progenitor cells and the hypertrophy of adipocytes. De novo adipogenesis has been shown to promote healthy adipose tissue expansion, which confers protection from obesity-associated insulin resistance. Here, we define the role and trajectory of different adipogenic precursor subpopulations and further delineate the mechanism and cellular trajectory of adipogenesis, using single-cell RNA-sequencing datasets of murine adipogenic precursors.

Hypertension does not alter disturbances in leptin signalling observed in experimental model of tauopathy.

Neurodegeneration is associated with hypertension and disturbance in fat metabolism. The complex interaction of neurodegenerative processes with both metabolic changes and blood pressure is still not fully elucidated. Here we demonstrate that the experimentally induced tauopathy in hypertensive transgenic animals causes significant downregulation of plasma leptin (53% of control), reduction of body weight by 11%, a 1.

GPR180 is a component of TGFβ signalling that promotes thermogenic adipocyte function and mediates the metabolic effects of the adipocyte-secreted factor CTHRC1.

Activation of thermogenic brown and beige adipocytes is considered as a strategy to improve metabolic control. Here, we identify GPR180 as a receptor regulating brown and beige adipocyte function and whole-body glucose homeostasis, whose expression in humans is associated with improved metabolic control. We demonstrate that GPR180 is not a GPCR but a component of the TGFβ signalling pathway and regulates the activity of the TGFβ receptor complex through SMAD3 phosphorylation.

Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles with Antibacterial Activity Using Various Medicinal Plant Extracts: Morphology and Antibacterial Efficacy.

A green synthetic route for the production of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using five different aqueous plant extracts, namely, , , , and , was investigated in this study. The present work demonstrates the influence of plant extract composition (antioxidant and total phenolic content) on the size and morphology of the produced AgNPs. The biosynthetic procedure was rapid and simple and was easily monitored via colour changes and ultraviolet and visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy.

Insulin-Regulated Aminopeptidase Inhibition Ameliorates Metabolism in Obese Zucker Rats.

The aim of our study was to determine the influence of inhibition of insulin-regulated aminopeptidase/oxytocinase (IRAP) on glucose tolerance and metabolism of skeletal muscle and visceral adipose tissue in obese Zucker rats. Obese Zucker rats administered with IRAP inhibitor-HFI-419 at a dose of 29 μg/100 g BW/day by osmotic minipumps implanted subcutaneously for 2 weeks. Two-hour intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (ipGTT) was performed in fasting rats.

snRNA-seq reveals a subpopulation of adipocytes that regulates thermogenesis.

Adipose tissue is usually classified on the basis of its function as white, brown or beige (brite). It is an important regulator of systemic metabolism, as shown by the fact that dysfunctional adipose tissue in obesity leads to a variety of secondary metabolic complications. In addition, adipose tissue functions as a signalling hub that regulates systemic metabolism through paracrine and endocrine signals.

Galectin-8 Favors VEGF-Induced Angiogenesis: Study in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells and Study in Chick Chorioallantoic Membrane.

Background/aim: Although it has been accepted that the tandem repeat galectin-8 (Gal-8) is linked to angiogenesis, the underlying mechanisms in endothelial cells has remained poorly understood. In this study we aimed to investigate the effect of Gal-8 on selected biological processes linked to angiogenesis in in vitro and in vivo models.

Materials And Methods: In detail, we assessed how exogenously added human recombinant Gal-8 (with or without vascular endothelial growth factor - VEGF) affects selected steps involved in vessel formation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) as well as using the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay.

Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Damage Tobacco BY-2 Cells by Oxidative Stress Followed by Processes of Autophagy and Programmed Cell Death.

Nanomaterials, including zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), have a great application potential in many fields, such as medicine, the textile industry, electronics, and cosmetics. Their impact on the environment must be carefully investigated and specified due to their wide range of application. However, the amount of data on possible negative effects of ZnO NPs on plants at the cellular level are still insufficient.

Mechanochemical Synthesis and Isomerization of -Substituted Indole-3-carboxaldehyde Oximes †.

Performing solution-phase oximation reactions with hydroxylamine hydrochloride (NHOH·HCl) carries significant risk, especially in aqueous solutions. In the present study, four -substituted indole-3-carboxaldehyde oximes were prepared from the corresponding aldehydes by solvent-free reaction with NHOH·HCl and a base (NaOH or NaCO) using a mechanochemical approach, thus minimizing the possible risk. In all cases, the conversion to oximes was almost complete.

Obesity and aging affects skeletal muscle renin-angiotensin system and myosin heavy chain proportions in pre-diabetic Zucker rats.

There is a gap in the knowledge regarding regulation of local renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in skeletal muscle during development of obesity and insulin resistance in vivo. This study evaluates the obesity- and age-related changes in the expression of local RAS components. Since RAS affects skeletal muscle remodelling, we also evaluated the muscle fibre type composition, defined by myosin heavy chain (MyHC) mRNAs and protein content.