SCoVMod - a spatially explicit mobility and deprivation adjusted model of first wave COVID-19 transmission dynamics.

: Mobility restrictions prevent the spread of infections to disease-free areas, and early in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, most countries imposed severe restrictions on mobility as soon as it was clear that containment of local outbreaks was insufficient to control spread. These restrictions have adverse impacts on the economy and other aspects of human health, and it is important to quantify their impact for evaluating their future value. : Here we develop Scotland Coronavirus transmission Model (SCoVMod), a model for COVID-19 in Scotland, which presents unusual challenges because of its diverse geography and population conditions.

Evolution of the Use of Corticosteroids for the Treatment of Hospitalised COVID-19 Patients in Spain between March and November 2020: SEMI-COVID National Registry.

Objectives: Since the results of the RECOVERY trial, WHO recommendations about the use of corticosteroids (CTs) in COVID-19 have changed. The aim of the study is to analyse the evolutive use of CTs in Spain during the pandemic to assess the potential influence of new recommendations.

Material And Methods: A retrospective, descriptive, and observational study was conducted on adults hospitalised due to COVID-19 in Spain who were included in the SEMI-COVID-19 Registry from March to November 2020.

A new phylodynamic model of Mycobacterium bovis transmission in a multi-host system uncovers the role of the unobserved reservoir.

Multi-host pathogens are particularly difficult to control, especially when at least one of the hosts acts as a hidden reservoir. Deep sequencing of densely sampled pathogens has the potential to transform this understanding, but requires analytical approaches that jointly consider epidemiological and genetic data to best address this problem. While there has been considerable success in analyses of single species systems, the hidden reservoir problem is relatively under-studied.

Identifying likely transmissions in Mycobacterium bovis infected populations of cattle and badgers using the Kolmogorov Forward Equations.

Established methods for whole-genome-sequencing (WGS) technology allow for the detection of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the pathogen genomes sourced from host samples. The information obtained can be used to track the pathogen's evolution in time and potentially identify 'who-infected-whom' with unprecedented accuracy. Successful methods include 'phylodynamic approaches' that integrate evolutionary and epidemiological data.

Combining genomics and epidemiology to analyse bi-directional transmission of in a multi-host system.

Quantifying pathogen transmission in multi-host systems is difficult, as exemplified in bovine tuberculosis (bTB) systems, but is crucial for control. The agent of bTB, , persists in cattle populations worldwide, often where potential wildlife reservoirs exist. However, the relative contribution of different host species to bTB persistence is generally unknown.

HomoplasyFinder: a simple tool to identify homoplasies on a phylogeny.

A homoplasy is a nucleotide identity resulting from a process other than inheritance from a common ancestor. Importantly, by distorting the ancestral relationships between nucleotide sequences, homoplasies can change the structure of the phylogeny. Homoplasies can emerge naturally, especially under high selection pressures and/or high mutation rates, or be created during the generation and processing of sequencing data.

Changes in vasomotion--effect of hyperbaric oxygen in patients with diabetes Type 2.

Objectives: To investigate vasomotion in diabetic patients who underwent sessions of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) therapy.

Materials And Methods: Seventy-one patients with diabetes Type 2 and lower-extremity neuropathy were enrolled in a prospective matched case-control study. A total of 39 patients underwent 15 sessions of HBO2 therapy consisting of 90 minutes of breathing 100% oxygen at 2.

Effect of short term aerobic exercise on fasting and postprandial lipoprotein subfractions in healthy sedentary men.

Background: Our goal was to investigate the effect of short term exercise on fasting and postprandial lipoprotein profile.

Methods: Healthy sedentary men exercised 20 min for four days. The intensity of exercise was modulated to maintain 75-80 % of a calculated HRmax.

Effect of hyperbaric oxygen on lipoprotein subfractions in diabetic patients.

Objectives: Favorable metabolic changes have been observed in many in vitro and animal studies after application of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2). Metabolic changes after hyperbaric oxygen therapy, especially focused on lipoprotein subfractions, have not been described in humans. Our aim was to investigate possible alteration in concentration of lipoprotein subfractions in diabetic patients after hyperbaric oxygen therapy.

Regional differences of vasodilatation and vasomotion response to local heating in human cutaneous microcirculation.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the vasodilatation and vasomotion response to local heating in the cutaneous microcirculation of the ankle, dorsum of foot and forearm. Recently, it has been suggested that this response differs between the forearm and the leg.

Probands And Methods: Twenty-nine young healthy adults were recruited.

Orthostatic hypotension in diabetic patients-10-year follow-up study.

Introduction: Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in diabetics is a common but often underestimated and underdiagnosed complication of diabetes mellitus. One of the most clinical apparent forms of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy is orthostatic hypotension.

Objectives: To retrospectively assess the association of the orthostatic hypotension (OH) with macrovascular and microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus and to determine its effect on mortality.

[The effect of adding phytosterol to hypolipidemic therapy with statins on the size of lipoprotein particles in patients with very high cardiovascular risk].

Despite significant improvement in the diagnosis and therapy of cardiovascular diseases their global risk and proportion of their clinical forms remains very high. Still the large part of the patients cannot reach the estimated target lipid levels despite statin therapy. Low adherence to preventive programmes with physical training and diet leads to progression of the pathological process of atherothrombosis.

[The importance of transcutaneous oxygen tension monitoring in diabetic patient with complications].

Monitoring of transcutaneous perfusion pressure of tissue oxygen (tcpO₂) is a simple, non-invasive method performed in diagnostic process of chronic diabetic complications. Primary, tcpO₂is used as an indicator of microcirculatory function. Properly placed and fixed Clark electrode is able to detect with high accuracy partial oxygen pressure on the skin surface by polarographic system of dissolved oxygen from capillary bed through tissues to upper layers of the skin.

The effects of atorvastatin treatment on the mean platelet volume and red cell distribution width in patients with dyslipoproteinemia and comparison with plasma atherogenicity indicators--A pilot study.

Objectives: The mean platelet volume (MPV) and red cell distribution width (RDW) have recently arisen interest because of their association with an increased cardiovascular risk. The aim of our study was, therefore, to determine whether an association exists between MPV, RDW and lipoprotein sub-fractions, and to show the impact of statin therapy on these new possible biomarkers of atherosclerotic risk.

Design And Methods: A cohort of 40 patients with hypercholesterolaemia (29 females, mean age 62.

[Mesenterointestinocolonovascular arterial ischemic disease: guidelines of the angiology section of Slovak Medical Chamber (AS SMC, 2013)].

Organovascular arterial ischemic diseases (cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, extremitovascular, renovascular, genitovascular, pulmovascular, mesenterovascular, dermovascular, oculovascular, otovascular, stomatovascular etc.) are an important manifestations of systemic atherosclerosis and other arterial diseases of vascular system (arteriolosclerosis/arteriolonecrosis; diabetic macroangiopathy; diabetic microangiopathy; Mönckeberg´s mediosclerosis/mediocalcinosis; arteritis - vasculitis; syndromes of arterial compression; fibromuscular dysplasia; cystic adventitial degeneration; arterial thrombosis; arterial embolism/thromboembolism; traumatic and posttraumatic arteriopathies; physical arteriopathies; chemical and toxic arteriopathies; iatrogenic arterial occlusions; dissection of aorta and of arteries; coiling; kinking; complicated arterial aneurysms; arteriovenous fistula, rare vascular diseases). Key clinical-etiology-anatomy-pathophysiology (CEAP) aspects of the mesenteriovascular arterial ischemic diseases are discussed in this article (project Vessels).

Postprandial changes of lipoprotein profile: effect of abdominal obesity.

Background: Majority of studies that focused on the influence of abdominal obesity on lipoprotein profile, were conducted in the fasting conditions. The effects of visceral fat accumulation on postprandial lipoprotein concentrations have not yet been studied in details. We therefore focused on the postprandial lipoprotein profile in otherwise healthy men and women with abdominal obesity and their comparison with the control group of volunteers with normal waist circumference.

[The impact of a 14- day regular physical exercise regime on the concentration of the classes and subclasses of lipoprotein particles in young subjects with a sedentary lifestyle].

Recommendations from the cardiological professional companies working in the area of primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases put an emphasis on regular aerobic physical activity. Its positive effect on both cardiovascular and overall mortality has repea-tedly been proven by the observations of prospective and cross sectional epidemiological studies. One of the possible explanations of this positive effect is a change in the concentration of lipoprotein classes and their subclasses, which is expressed as a change in their average size.

[Lipids and the size of lipoprotein particles in newly diagnosed and untreated patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus].

Type 2 diabetes mellitus leads to the typical known form of dyslipidaemia among the patients. This dyslipiademia type re-presents prognostically important type of atherogenic dyslipiadaemia, that significantly increases the risk of atherothrombosis. Estimation of the size of lipoprotein particles with Lipoprint method among newly diagnosed, untreated patients with these patients have not been evaluated yet.

Acidification of the oesophagus acutely increases the cough sensitivity in patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux and chronic cough.

Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is one of the most common causes of chronic cough; however, the mechanisms by which GOR initiates coughing are incompletely understood. We address the hypothesis that acidification of oesophagus acutely increases the cough reflex sensitivity in patients with GORD and chronic cough. Nine patients with GORD with chronic cough and 16 patients with GORD without cough were recruited.

[A new model of hemostasis].

Haemostasis is a complexly controlled process which takes place in two stages. The first initial stage leads to the formation of a small amount of thrombin. The crucial step of initiation is the bond between the activated factor VIIa and the tissue factor.

[Glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies (antiGAD-Ab) in patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)].

Aim Of Study: To assess the prevalence of markers of autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta-cells in patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM).

Subjects: 127 hospitalized NIDDM patients subdivided to the following subgroups: non-obese with C-peptide < 0.3 nmol/l (NIDDM-(-)), non-obese with C-peptide > 0.

[Plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) and markers of endothelial dysfunction in patients with diabetes mellitus].

The authors examined 25 patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 (NIDDM) without vascular complications, treated by sulphonyl urea preparations, 12 hyperinsulinaemic (HI) non-diabetic subjects and 11 normoinsulinaemic healthy subject s. Patients with NIDDM and HI non-diabetics had significantly elevated PAI-1 levels which correlated with the C-peptide level (r = 0.519, p < 0.

[What does the relation of digoxin-like immunoactivity and serum insulin levels in pregnant women signify?].

Background: Digoxin-like immunoactivity (DLIA) reflects the presence of endogenous substances which are close to cardiac glycosides. These substances via inhibition of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase increase intracellular calcium stores (Ca2+i) and may modulate various Ca(2+)-dependent mechanisms. Although DLIA are known primarily as hypertension and natriuresis promoting factors, several recent works have suggested that DLIA relates also to diabetes mellitus.