Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg
January 2025
This study was conducted to describe the videonystagmography findings in dizziness patients with background anxiety disorders. It was a hospital-based, descriptive analytical study, conducted among 64 adult patients with diagnosed anxiety disorders presenting with complaint of dizziness attending the vertigo clinic run by the Department of ENT at St. John's Medical College and Hospital, Bangalore, over a period of 24 months.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: To evaluate how model-based parameters of β-cell function change with glucose-lowering treatment and associate with glycemic deterioration in adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D).
Research Design And Methods: In the Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Diabetes: A Comparative Effectiveness Study (GRADE), β-cell function parameters derived from mathematical modeling of oral glucose tolerance tests were assessed at baseline (N = 4,712) and 1, 3, and 5 years following randomization to insulin glargine, glimepiride, liraglutide, or sitagliptin, added to baseline metformin. Parameters included insulin secretion rate (ISR), glucose sensitivity (insulin response to glucose), rate sensitivity (early insulin response), and potentiation.
Background: Circulating erythritol, an endogenously produced metabolite and an artificial sweetener, is associated with cardiovascular outcomes.
Objectives: The authors assessed associations of erythritol and its downstream metabolite, erythronate, with cardiovascular risk factors and events in older adults in the ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities) study (visit 5, 2011-2013).
Methods: We included 4,006 participants without prevalent cardiovascular disease and with metabolomic profiling.
Context: When clinically stable, patients with A-β+ Ketosis-Prone Diabetes (KPD) manifest unique markers of amino acid metabolism. Biomarkers differentiating KPD from type 1 (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) during hyperglycemic crises would accelerate diagnosis and management.
Objective: Compare serum metabolomics of KPD, T1D and T2D patients during hyperglycemic crises, and utilize Classification and Regression Tree (CART) modeling to distinguish these forms of diabetes.
Human pluripotent stem cell-derived β-cells (SC-β-cells) represent an alternative cell source for transplantation in diabetic patients. Although mitogens could in theory be used to expand β-cells, adult β-cells very rarely replicate. In contrast, newly formed β-cells, including SC-β-cells, display higher proliferative capacity and distinct transcriptional and functional profiles.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: There are no established methods to identify children with atypical diabetes for further study. We aimed to develop strategies to systematically ascertain cases of atypical pediatric diabetes using electronic medical records (EMR).
Research Design And Methods: We tested two strategies in a large pediatric hospital in the USA.
Research on adolescent mental health in low and middle-income countries cites the paucity of human resources and emphasises non-specialist worker (NSW)-led counselling intervention within school and health-system platforms. This pilot study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of a transdiagnostic stepped care model, for delivering preventive psychological treatment to adolescents through NSWs in urban vulnerable community settings. Conducted in three such settlements in Mumbai and Thane districts of Maharashtra in India, this mixed-methods study engaged 500 young people, their parents and 52 NSWs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIndian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg
October 2024
Objective: Identification of prognostic biomarkers in pediatric diabetes is important for precision medicine. We assessed whether C-peptide and islet autoantibodies are useful to predict the natural history of children with new-onset diabetes.
Methods: We prospectively studied 72 children with new-onset diabetes (median follow-up: 8 months) by applying the Aβ classification system ("A+": islet autoantibody positive, "β+": random serum C-peptide ≥1.
Background: ketosis-prone diabetes (KPD) in adults is characterized by presentation with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), negative islet autoantibodies, and preserved -cell function in persons with a phenotype of obesity-associated type 2 diabetes (T2D). The prevalence of KPD has not been evaluated in children. We investigated children with DKA at "T2D" onset and determined the prevalence and characteristics of pediatric KPD within this cohort.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: The objective of the study was to test whether there are sustained effects of the Look AHEAD intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI), versus diabetes support and education (DSE), on weight and body composition 12 to 16 years after randomization.
Methods: Participants were a subset of enrollees in the Look AHEAD dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry substudy who completed the final visit, composed of men (DSE = 99; ILI = 94) and women (DSE = 134; ILI = 135) with type 2 diabetes and mean (SD) age 57.2 (6.
Context: Autoantibodies directed against the 65-kilodalton isoform of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65Abs) are markers of autoimmune type 1 diabetes (T1D) but are also present in patients with Latent Autoimmune Diabetes of Adults and autoimmune neuromuscular diseases, and also in healthy individuals. Phenotypic differences between these conditions are reflected in epitope-specific GAD65Abs and anti-idiotypic antibodies (anti-Id) against GAD65Abs. We previously reported that 7.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAs our understanding of the pathophysiology of diabetes evolves, we increasingly recognize that many patients may have a form of diabetes that does not neatly fit with a diagnosis of either type 1 or type 2 diabetes. The discovery and description of these forms of "atypical diabetes" have led to major contributions to our collective understanding of the basic biology that drives insulin secretion, insulin resistance, and islet autoimmunity. These discoveries now pave the way to a better classification of diabetes based on distinct endotypes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: To evaluate whether baseline levels of depressive symptoms and diabetes-specific distress are associated with glycemic control in Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Diabetes: A Comparative Effectiveness Study (GRADE), a large randomized controlled trial comparing the metabolic effects of four common glucose-lowering medications when combined with metformin in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
Research Design And Methods: The primary and secondary outcomes were defined as an HbA1c value ≥7%, subsequently confirmed, and an HbA1c value >7.5%, subsequently confirmed, respectively.
A survey of advanced practice clinicians (APCs), physicians, residents, and medical students at an academic medical center and community practices in southeastern Texas revealed a gap in knowledge and practice related to testing and treatment for asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) in older adults.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: To compare the effects of insulin sensitivity and β-cell function over time on HbA1c and durability of glycemic control in response to dual therapy.
Research Design And Methods: GRADE participants were randomized to glimepiride (n = 1,254), liraglutide (n = 1,262), or sitagliptin (n = 1,268) added to baseline metformin and followed for mean ± SD 5.0 ± 1.
Background: Integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) are associated with excessive weight gain among a subset of persons with HIV (PWH), due to unclear mechanisms. We assessed energy intake (EI) and expenditure (EE) following switch off and onto INSTIs.
Methods: PWH with >10% weight gain on an INSTI-based regimen switched INSTI to doravirine for 12 weeks, then back to INSTI for 12 weeks while keeping their remaining regimen stable.
Purpose: We reevaluated the Action for Health in Diabetes (Look AHEAD) intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) to assess whether the effect of ILI on cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention differed by baseline glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c).
Methods: Look AHEAD randomized 5145 adults, aged 45 to 76 years with type 2 diabetes and overweight/obesity to ILI or a diabetes support and education (DSE) control group for a median of 9.6 years.
Background & Aims: Metabolic biomarkers with pathophysiological relevance is lacking in pediatric diabetes. We aimed to identify novel metabolic biomarkers in pediatric type 1 (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). We hypothesized that (1) targeted plasma metabolomics, focused on plasma amino acid concentrations, could identify distinctively altered patterns in children with T1D or T2D, and (2) there are specific changes in concentrations of metabolites related to branch chain amino acids (BCAA) and arginine metabolism in children with T2D.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOver the past 4 decades, the clinical care of people living with HIV (PLWH) evolved from treatment of acute opportunistic infections to the management of chronic, noncommunicable comorbidities. Concurrently, our understanding of adipose tissue function matured to acknowledge its important endocrine contributions to energy balance. PLWH experience changes in the mass and composition of adipose tissue depots before and after initiating antiretroviral therapy, including regional loss (lipoatrophy), gain (lipohypertrophy), or mixed lipodystrophy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: To determine whether genetic risk for type 1 diabetes (T1D) differentiates the four Aβ subgroups of ketosis-prone diabetes (KPD), where A+ and A- define the presence or absence of islet autoantibodies and β+ and β- define the presence or absence of β-cell function.
Research Design And Methods: We compared T1D genetic risk scores (GRS) of patients with KPD across subgroups, race/ethnicity, β-cell function, and glycemia.
Results: Among 426 patients with KPD (54% Hispanic, 31% African American, 11% White), rank order of GRS was A+β- > A+β+ = A-β- > A-β+.
The incidence of type 2 diabetes in children is rising and carries a worse prognosis than in adults. The influence of sex on pediatric type 2 diabetes outcomes has not been well investigated. We studied 715 youth with type 2 diabetes diagnosed at a median age of 13.
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