Spectrum of hepatitis B and hepatitis C-related cancers in India.

Introduction: Hepatitis-B virus infection contributes to 40%-50% of the Hepato-cellular carcinomas (HCC) in India, while hepatitis-C virus infection accounts for 12%-32% of cases. This study aimed at determining the patterns of cancers among patients with hepatitis B and C.

Materials And Methods: This was a retrospective study of cancer patients with histologically proven diagnoses of cancer registered at Tata Memorial Hospital in Mumbai between 2017 and 2018.

Diagnostic Utility of Pan-Immune-Inflammation Value (PIV) in Predicting Insulin Resistance: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017-2020.

Background: Insulin resistance (IR), a hallmark feature of diabetes and metabolic syndrome, is characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation. Pan-immune-inflammation value (PIV), an emerging immune cell count-based inflammatory index, is the global quantifier of systemic inflammation. This study analyses the levels of PIV and its association with various markers of IR.

Near-Fatal Aspiration in a Child With Pierre Robin Sequence and Aero-Digestive Disorder: A Case Report.

Pierre Robin sequence (PRS) presents significant challenges in airway management and postoperative care, especially in infants undergoing cleft palate repair. The most critical task for paediatric anaesthetists is securing the airway. The presence of aero-digestive disorders makes postoperative care equally challenging, which is often underemphasised.

Roadmap on computational methods in optical imaging and holography [invited].

Unlabelled: Computational methods have been established as cornerstones in optical imaging and holography in recent years. Every year, the dependence of optical imaging and holography on computational methods is increasing significantly to the extent that optical methods and components are being completely and efficiently replaced with computational methods at low cost. This roadmap reviews the current scenario in four major areas namely incoherent digital holography, quantitative phase imaging, imaging through scattering layers, and super-resolution imaging.

A hospital-based study of survival in oral cancer patients of Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai.

Introduction: Oral cancer represents a significant global public health concern, with the death rate for lip and oral cavity malignancies experiencing a 1.40-fold increase worldwide in the past three decades. This retrospective study aimed to comprehensively understand overall survival (OS) and the influence of sociodemographic and clinical factors on patients diagnosed with oral cavity cancer.

Identifying entrustable professional activities for MD program in biochemistry-A modified Delphi approach.

Entrustable professional activities (EPAs) facilitate competency-based assessments. India is on the verge of implementing competency-based training for postgraduate programs. MD degree in Biochemistry is a unique program available exclusively in India.

Machine Learning Diffuse Optical Tomography Using Extreme Gradient Boosting and Genetic Programming.

Diffuse optical tomography (DOT) is a non-invasive method for detecting breast cancer; however, it struggles to produce high-quality images due to the complexity of scattered light and the limitations of traditional image reconstruction algorithms. These algorithms can be affected by boundary conditions and have a low imaging accuracy, a shallow imaging depth, a long computation time, and a high signal-to-noise ratio. However, machine learning can potentially improve the performance of DOT by being better equipped to solve inverse problems, perform regression, classify medical images, and reconstruct biomedical images.

Paraoxonase gene polymorphisms: Understanding the biochemical and genetic basis of coronary artery disease.

Objectives: Serum paraoxonase (PON) is a glycoprotein with antioxidant and anti-atherosclerotic activities. The Q192R and L55M gene polymorphisms of PON have been implicated as risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD) but have not been extensively explored in South Indians. We aimed to assess the Q192R and L55M genetic polymorphisms of the PON1 gene in participants with CAD, including genotypes and allele frequencies for PON1 gene polymorphism.

Nasoruminal endoscopy of the rumen and reticulum in buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) - a preliminary study.

Twenty apparently healthy buffaloes were withdrawn of feed and water for 48 hours. Buffaloes were administered with fluids and were subjected to endoscopy every 12 hours. Olympus™ [GIF V70] flexible video endoscope was passed through the ventral nasal meatus, the pharynx, oesophagus and then into the reticulo-rumen in physically restrained buffaloes.

Regression-based neural network for improving image reconstruction in diffuse optical tomography.

Diffuse optical tomography (DOT) is a non-invasive imaging technique utilizing multi-scattered light at visible and infrared wavelengths to detect anomalies in tissues. However, the DOT image reconstruction is based on solving the inverse problem, which requires massive calculations and time. In this article, for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, a simple, regression-based cascaded feed-forward deep learning neural network is derived to solve the inverse problem of DOT in compressed breast geometry.

Imaging through diffuse media using multi-mode vortex beams and deep learning.

Optical imaging through diffuse media is a challenging issue and has attracted applications in many fields such as biomedical imaging, non-destructive testing, and computer-assisted surgery. However, light interaction with diffuse media leads to multiple scattering of the photons in the angular and spatial domain, severely degrading the image reconstruction process. In this article, a novel method to image through diffuse media using multiple modes of vortex beams and a new deep learning network named "LGDiffNet" is derived.

Molecular typing and pathogenicity assessment of fowl adenovirus associated with inclusion body hepatitis in chicken from India.

Recently, inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) outbreaks have been increasingly reported in different regions of India, particularly in broiler flocks. The present study was undertaken to characterize fowl adenovirus associated with IBH in chicken and assessment of its pathogenicity. Liver samples were collected from fowl adenovirus (FAdV) suspected 100 commercial broiler and six broiler breeder flocks from eleven different States of India from 2016 to 2019.

A Nomogram based prognostic score that is superior to conventional TNM staging in predicting outcome of surgically treated T4 buccal mucosa cancer: Time to think beyond TNM.

Background And Objectives: T4 squamous cell carcinomas of the buccal mucosa is known to have ominous outcome. The aim of this study was to develop a nomogram for T4 buccal mucosa cancer patients and demonstrate the difference in survival based on prognosticators beyond those covered by the traditional TNM staging system.

Methods: We examined medical records of treatment naïve 205 T4 buccal mucosa cancer patients operated between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2014.

Squamous cell carcinoma of buccal mucosa: An analysis of prognostic factors.

Introduction: Carcinoma of the buccal mucosa is the most common oral cavity cancer in the Indian subcontinent. The aim of this study was to analyze the outcome and evaluate prognostic factors in surgically treated buccal mucosa squamous cell carcinoma (BMSCC) patients.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective study was performed by reviewing the medical records of 409 pathologically proven buccal mucosa cancer patients, who were diagnosed and surgically treated in Tata Memorial Hospital between January 1, 2006, and December 31, 2008.

Sociodemographic Factors and Late-stage Diagnosis of Breast Cancer in India: A Hospital-based Study.

Context: Breast cancer (BC) is one of the major causes of cancer mortality in India. Late-stage diagnosis of BC is associated with poor survival. Identification of factors affecting late presentation of the disease could be an effective step to reduce BC mortality.

Complex spinal fixation of a cervical vertebra Brown tumour: report of an unusual case.

Brown tumours affecting the cervical spine are a rare but recognised complication of renal failure-related secondary hyperparathyroidism. We present a case of a 26 year-old female with radiculopathy who was managed successfully with 360° cervical spine fixation and parathyroidectomy.

Feasibility randomised multicentre, double-blind, double-dummy controlled trial of anakinra, an interleukin-1 receptor antagonist versus intramuscular methylprednisolone for acute gout attacks in patients with chronic kidney disease (ASGARD): protocol study.

Introduction: Acute gout occurs in people with chronic kidney disease, who are commonly older people with comorbidities such as hypertension, heart disease and diabetes. Potentially harmful treatments are administered to these vulnerable patients due to a lack of clear evidence. Newly available treatment that targets a key inflammatory pathway in acute gout attacks provides an opportunity to undertake the first-ever trial specifically looking treating people with kidney disease.

Predictability of resin bonded bridges - a systematic review.

Objective The objective of this systematic review is to evaluate the survival rate of resin bonded bridges (RBBs) and understand the relationship between various prognostic factors and survival rate.Methods An electronic medline and hand search were carried out to identify prospective studies on RBBs. Critical appraisal of the studies was done and data was extracted from selected studies.

Collagenosis of the Deep Medullary Veins: An Underrecognized Pathologic Correlate of White Matter Hyperintensities and Periventricular Infarction?

White matter hyperintensities (WMH) are prevalent. Although arteriolar disease has been implicated in their pathogenesis, venous pathology warrants consideration. We investigated relationships of WMH with histologic venous, arteriolar and white matter abnormalities and correlated findings with premortem neuroimaging.

Burden of cervical cancer and role of screening in India.

Background: Cervical cancer is a major cause of cancer mortality in women and more than a quarter of its global burden is contributed by developing countries. In India, in spite of alarmingly high figures, there is no nationwide government-sponsored screening program. This study was conducted to assess the burden of cervical cancer in India and review the performance characteristics of available cervical cancer screening tools, so as to provide evidence-based recommendations for application of most practically suited screening test to be used in resource-poor field settings.

Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency in the United Kingdom: two novel mutations and a cross-sectional survey.

Background: Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency is an inborn error of metabolism that can cause kidney disease from crystalline nephropathy or kidney stones.

Methods: We present three cases from a single centre with varied presentations to illustrate how increasing awareness led to better patient identification. We then undertook a cross-sectional survey of all the patients identified from the Purine Research Laboratory in the UK since 1974.

Nomogram prediction for survival of patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: Nomograms are visual predictive tools that are widely used for estimating cancer prognosis. The purpose of this study was to develop a prognostic tool that will accurately predict overall survival (OS) in individual patients with oral cancer.

Methods: Medical records of 609 patients with cancer of the oral cavity were retrospectively analyzed.

Therapeutic management of botulism in dairy cattle.

Aim: To report the successful recovery of few dairy cattle from botulism in response to a modified therapeutic strategy.

Materials And Methods: Seventy four naturally-occurring clinical cases of bovine botulism encountered during the period of 2012-2014 which were confirmed by mouse lethality test became material for this study. Affected animals were made into three groups based on the treatment modifications made during the course of study.