Relationship between HLA-II Gene Polymorphisms and Immune Response in COVID-19 Survivors and Volunteers Vaccinated against This Infection.

The polymorphism of HLA class II genes was studied in COVID-19 survivors and vaccinated people. Six allelic variants of DQA1, 10 of DQB1, and 11 of DRB1 were identified. The DQA1*05:01 allele predominated in vaccinated volunteers and the DQA1*02:01, *01:03, and DQB1*06:02-8 alleles predominated in convalescents.

Leptospira infection in bats in Vietnam.

Bats from three provinces in Vietnam (Lai Chau, Son La, and Dong Thap) were examined for the presence of pathogenic Leptospira or specific antibodies using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and microscopic agglutination test (MAT). Tissue specimens from 298 bats belonging to 11 species were analyzed using a real-time PCR assay specific for leptospires of pathogenic species. Leptospiral DNA was identified in 40 bats from following species: Rousettus amplexicaudatus (5/9; 55.

Dynamics of Changes in the cAMP/cGMP Concentration Ratio in the Thymus and Spleen of Laboratory Mice during Vaccination against Plague and Tularemia against the Background of Immunomodulation.

Vaccine strains Yersinia pestis EV NIIEG at a dose of 10 CFU and Francisella tularensis 15 NIIEG at a dose of 10 CFU induced changes in the concentration of cyclic nucleotides in the thymus and spleen of white mice. Antigen-induced changes in the cAMP/cGMP ratio in immunocompetent organs had a phase or oscillatory character, which seems to be related to the regulation of postvaccination immunoreactivity in the body. Synthetic organoselenium compound 974zh stimulated an increase in the amplitude of cAMP/cGMP oscillations, indicating its stimulating effect on the immunogenic properties of vaccine strains at doses an order of magnitude below the standard doses.

The Influence of the Synthetic Organoselenium Preparation 974zh on the Immunogenic Activity of Yersinia pestis EV Vaccine Strain NIIEG.

In the present study, a stimulating effect of a new synthetic organoselenium compound 2,6-dipyridinium-9-selenabicyclo[3.3.1]nonandibromide (974zh) on the immunogenic activity of the vaccine strain Yersinia pestis EV NIIEG was revealed.

Peculiarities of Humoral Immunity Formation in Medical Institution Employees Recovered from or Vaccinated against COVID-19 in Irkutsk.

We performed a seroepidemiological survey of the level and structure of population immunity to SARS-CoV-2 among employees of medical institution in the Irkutsk region during the COVID-19 pandemic. Seroprevalence assessment was organized from May 2020 to April 2021. The level of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 was measured by ELISA.

Effect of a Synthetic Organoselenium Compound on Post-Vaccination Immunopoiesis in the Red Bone Marrow and Cell Composition of Peripheral Blood of White Mice Vaccinated with Yersinia pestis EV.

We studied the effect of an experimental synthetic organoselenium compound 2,6-dipyridinium- 9-selenabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane dibromide (974zh) on the cell composition of the red bone marrow and peripheral blood in white mice.

Phylogenetic reconstruction of the initial stages of the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in the Eurasian and American continents by analyzing genomic data.

Samples from complete genomes of SARS-CoV-2 isolated during the first wave (December 2019-July 2020) of the global COVID-19 pandemic from 21 countries (Asia, Europe, Middle East and America) around the world, were analyzed using the phylogenetic method with molecular clock dating. Results showed that the first cases of COVID-19 in the human population appeared in the period between July and November 2019 in China. The spread of the virus into other countries of the world began in the autumn of 2019.

SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence Structure of the Russian Population during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, which came to Russia in March 2020, is accompanied by morbidity level changes and can be tracked using serological monitoring of a representative population sample from Federal Districts (FDs) and individual regions. In a longitudinal cohort study conducted in 26 model regions of Russia, distributed across all FDs, we investigated the distribution and cumulative proportions of individuals with antibodies (Abs) to the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antigen (Ag), in the period from June to December 2020, using a three-phase monitoring process. In addition, during the formation of the cohort of volunteers, the number of seropositive convalescents, persons who had contact with patients or COVID-19 convalescents, and the prevalence of asymptomatic forms of infection among seropositive volunteers were determined.

Molecular genotyping of 15 B. anthracis strains isolated in Eastern Siberia and Far East.

Bacillus anthracis is a pathogenic bacterium, which causes anthrax disease. The ability of this bacterium to form spores, which can be preserved in soil for decades and cause outbreaks later on, makes this pathogen a serious problem for veterinary and health services of many countries. Siberia is one of the most anthrax-influenced regions of Russia.

Antigen-Specific Activation of Blood Lymphocytes in Mice Immunized with Brucella abortus 19 BA.

We studied the expression of activation markers CD25 and CD69 by blood lymphocytes in white mice vaccinated with Brucella abortus 19 BA in antigen-specific tests in vitro. During incubation of blood lymphocytes with brucellosis polysaccharide-protein antigen, a statistically significant increase in the expression of CD25 by B cells and CD69 by T cells was observed; brucellin increased the expression of CD25 by B and T cells. Comparative analysis of the action of antigen preparations B.

Reporting of New tick-borne encephalitis virus strains isolated in Eastern Siberia (Russia) in 1960-2011 and explaining them in an evolutionary context using Bayesian phylogenetic inference.

Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is one of the main tick-borne viral pathogens of humans. Infection may induce signs of meningitis, encephalitis, paralysis and high fever. TBEV is well studied by molecular phylogenetic methods.

Immunotropic Properties of an Experimental Synthetic Selenium-Organic Compound.

We studied immunotropic properties of synthetic selenium-organic preparation 2,6-dipyridinium-9-selenabicyclo[3.3.1]nonyl dibromide (974zh).

Effect of Synthetic Organoselenium Drug on the Degree of Pathological Changes in the Organs of White Mice Immunized with Tularemia and Brucellosis Vaccines.

We studied the effect of the organoselenium compound 2,6-dipyridinium-9-selenium-bicyclo[ 3,3,1]nonan dibromide (974zh) on the severity of pathological changes in the organs of experimental animals immunized with live tularemia and brucellosis vaccines. It was found that 974zh reduced reactogenicity of vaccines for experimental animals. Our findings indicate the prospects for further studies of the effects of 974zh on the functional state of experimental animals.

Phylogenetic analysis of Bacillus anthracis strains from Western Siberia reveals a new genetic cluster in the global population of the species.

Background: Anthrax is a zoonotic disease caused by the gram-positive bacterium Bacillus anthracis. The most anthrax-endemic regions of Russia are Siberia and North Caucasus. Previously, genotyping of Russian B.

"886-84-like" tick-borne encephalitis virus strains: Intraspecific status elucidated by comparative genomics.

Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) can cause severe meningitis, encephalitis, and meningoencephalitis. TBEV represents a pathogen of high zoonotic potential and an emerging global threat. There are three known subtypes of TBEV: Far-Eastern, Siberian and European.

Six Whole-Genome Assemblies of Yersinia pestis subsp. microtus bv. ulegeica (Phylogroup 0.PE5) Strains Isolated from Mongolian Natural Plague Foci.

Here, we report the draft genome sequences of six subsp. bv. ulegeica strains isolated from the territory of Mongolia and representing the 0.

Effects of Thermoextracts of Brucella S and L Forms on Lipid Peroxidation and Antioxidant Defense in Organs of Laboratory Animals.

The dynamics of LPO marker malondialdehyde formation and peroxidase-destroying activity was studied in homogenized organs of guinea pigs, immunized with thermoextracts from S and L forms Brucella abortus I-206. The L form brucella thermoextract exhibited a lower reactogenicity and adequately activated the antioxidant system, due to which the destructive effects of ROS could be partially neutralized during the vaccinal process.

Comparative genomics of Vibrio cholerae El Tor strains isolated at epidemic complications in Siberia and at the Far East.

The territory of Siberia and the Far East of Russia is classified as epidemically safe for cholera; however, in the 1970s and 1990s a number of infection importation cases and acute outbreaks associated with the cholera importation were reported. Here, we analyze genomes of four Vibrio cholerae El Tor strains isolated from humans during epidemic complications (imported cases, an outbreak) in the 1990s. The analyzed strains harbor the classical allele of the cholera toxin subunit B gene (ctxB1); thus, belong to genetically altered variants of the El Tor biotype.

Nine Whole-Genome Assemblies of subsp. bv. Altaica Strains Isolated from the Altai Mountain Natural Plague Focus (No. 36) in Russia.

We report here the draft genome sequences of nine subsp. bv. Altaica strains isolated from the Altai Mountain plague focus (no.

Effect of Metal-Containing Nanocomposites on Functional Status of the Thymus in Experimental Animals.

The effects of nanostructurized composites argentogalactomannan and argento-poly-1-vinyl-1,2,4-triasole on the kinetics of T cell maturation in the thymus of albino mice were studied. These nanocomposites stimulated the formation of CD3CD4CD8 and CD3CD4CD8 cells from CD3CD4CD8 cells, the effect of argentogalactomannan was more potent. The efficiency of these compounds as agents improving the defense potential deserves special studies.

Immunogenesis in White Mice Infected with Yersinia pestis with Different Plasmid Composition.

Morphological changes in the immunocompetent organs of white mice with experimental plague infection manifested in activation of the immune response of different degree and pathological process of different severity that depended on the plasmid composition of Y. pestis. Widening of the T-dependent zones in the immune organs of white mice infected with isogenic strains of Y.

[The loop mediated isothermal amplification of DNA: principle of method and perspectives of application in molecular diagnostic of cholera: publications review].

The article considers characteristics of technology of reaction of loop mediated isothermal amplification of DNA (LAMP), issues of optimization of reaction and perspectives of its application as a quick highly-specific test in molecular diagnostics of infectious diseases and monitoring of contamination of environment objects with pathogens. The analysis of publications data concerning application of LAMP in diagnostics of cholera testifies high diagnostic value. The LAMP supports possibility of direct rapid detection of toxin-producing strains of Vibrio cholerae in clinical samples.

[SPECIFIC FEATURES OF RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE FRONTOPSYLLA LUCULENTA LUCULENTA (JORDAN ET ROTHSCHILD, 1923) FLEA AND THE PLAGUE PATHOGEN WITH DIFFERENT PLASMID COMPOSITION].

It was experimentally established that plague pathogen strains with different plasmid composition variously suppressed the viability of Frontopsylla luculenta luculenta fleas. Dead insects were most frequently observed among those infected with a virulent strain having the cryptic plasmid pTP33. The presence of the avirulent and apesticinogenic plasmid I-3480 in the fleas less deteriorated their state.

[PLAGUE IN MANCHURIA (1910-1911) AND EBOLA VIRUS DISEASE IN WEST AFRICA (2014-2015): COMMON PREREQUISITES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF EPIDEMICS].

The paper gives the results of a comparative analysis of the prerequisites for the emergence and spread of epidemics of particularly dangerous infections, by using plague in Manchuria (1910-1911) and Ebola virus disease in West Africa (2014-2015) as examples. Analysis of literature and archival data and online information could reveal a number of common factors and conditions, which substantially contributed to the epidemics. Organization of anti-epidemic (preventive) measures in cases of the threatening epidemic spread, of particularly dangerous diseases must be based on the minimization, of the influence of the specific factors and conditions, which facilitate disease transmission in a given area in a given time.