E-Cigarette effects on oral health: A molecular perspective.

Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have emerged as a potential alternative to traditional smoking and may aid in tobacco harm reduction and smoking cessation. E-cigarette use has notably increased, especially among young non-tobacco users, raising concerns due to the unknown long-term health effects. The oral cavity is the first and one of the most crucial anatomical sites for the deposition of e-cigarette aerosols.

Exposure to Secondhand Smoke Extract Increases Cisplatin Resistance in Head and Neck Cancer Cells.

Chemotherapy and radiotherapy resistance are major obstacles in the long-term efficacy of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) treatment. Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure is common and has been proposed as an independent predictor of HNSCC recurrence and disease-free survival. However, the underlying mechanisms responsible for these negative patient outcomes are unknown.

The Effect of Flow Rate on a Third-Generation Sub-Ohm Tank Electronic Nicotine Delivery System-Comparison of CORESTA Flow Rates to More Realistic Flow Rates.

Many types of electronic cigarettes (ECs) are currently in use, but the default flow rate used to simulate puffing is centered on tobacco cigarette flow rates. CORESTA offers several methods and technical guides for evaluation of ECs but there are few puffing topography studies focusing on sub-ohm ECs; differences between real-world usage and that found in the literature appear large. This study focuses on how power and flow rate affect the nicotine yield of a sub-ohm EC.

Electronic cigarette aerosols alter the expression of cisplatin transporters and increase drug resistance in oral cancer cells.

Tobacco smoking is the leading preventable cause of cancer. Moreover, continued smoking during cancer therapy reduces overall survival. Aware of the negative consequences of tobacco smoking and the challenges of smoking cessation, cancer patients are inquiring whether they should switch to electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes).

Scale-up of non-toxic poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)-Chitin based nanocomposite articles by injection moulding and 3D printing.

Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT), a compostable polymer, filled with different weight percentage of unbleached nano chitin (NC; 10%, 30% and 50%), a biodegradable filler from crustacean waste, were prepared from the extruded blends by injection moulding and 3D printing. The nanochitin required was prepared from chitin isolated from prawn shells (Fenneropenaeus indicus). The nanochitin crystals were observed to contain carboxylic acid surface functional groups as assessed by FT-IR, C solid state NMR (SS NMR) spectroscopy, zeta potential measurements and the extent of the same was estimated by potentiometric titration.

Biocompatible Porous Scaffolds of Chitosan/Poly(EG--PG) Blends with Tailored Pore Size and Nontoxic to Stem Cells: Preparation by Controlled Evaporation from Aqueous Acetic Acid Solution.

The preparation of porous films (average size variation from 1 to 32 μm) of a 1:1 blend of chitosan with poly(EG--PG) by the controlled evaporation of water from a 2 wt % aqueous acetic acid solution is reported. Interestingly, the blend exhibited porosity that could be tailored from 1 to 32 μm with the temperature of preparation of the blend film. The powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, and differential scanning calorimetry analyses of the films suggested the formation of partially miscible blends.

Biocompatible hydrogels of chitosan-alkali lignin for potential wound healing applications.

Biocompatible hydrogels were prepared by mixing aqueous-acidic solution of chitosan with alkali lignin, a major by-product of the paper producing industries, for the first time, by sustainable means. Electrostatic interactions between the phenoxide groups in lignin and the ammonium groups on the chitosan backbone were found to be responsible for the ionotropic cross-linking. These gels were non-toxic to Mesenchymal stem cells, in vitro, and to zebrafish up to 100 μg/ml, in vivo.

Chitosan-based nano-formulation enhances the anticancer efficacy of hesperetin.

Cancer is one of the major causes of increased morbidity and mortality in modern society. Colorectal cancer is the third leading cause for cancer related death worldwide. Current chemotherapeutics are not very effective and have severe side effects.

Transient gestational exposure to drinking water containing excess hexavalent chromium modifies insulin signaling in liver and skeletal muscle of rat progeny.

Chromium (Cr), an essential micronutrient potentiates insulin action, whereas excess hexavalent Cr (CrVI) acts as an endocrine disruptor. Pregnant mothers living in areas abutting industries using the metal and chromite ore dumps are exposed to ground water contaminated with Cr. Nevertheless, the impact of prenatal exposure to excess CrVI on insulin signaling in the progeny remains obscure.

Electronic cigarette aerosols suppress cellular antioxidant defenses and induce significant oxidative DNA damage.

Background: Electronic cigarette (EC) aerosols contain unique compounds in addition to toxicants and carcinogens traditionally found in tobacco smoke. Studies are warranted to understand the public health risks of ECs.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the genotoxicity and the mechanisms induced by EC aerosol extracts on human oral and lung epithelial cells.

Transcriptional regulation of crystallin, redox, and apoptotic genes by C-Phycocyanin in the selenite-induced cataractogenic rat model.

Purpose: This study was designed to examine the constrictive potential of C-Phycocyanin (C-PC) in regulating changes imposed on gene expression in the selenite-induced cataract model.

Methods: Wistar rat pups were divided into three groups of eight each. On P10, Group I received an intraperitoneal injection of normal saline.