Palmitoylethanolamide causes dose-dependent changes in brain function and the lipidome.

The present studies were undertaken to understand the effects of the commonly used nutraceutical PEA on brain function and lipid chemistry. These studies using MRI and broad-scale lipidomics are without precedent in animal or human research. During the MRI scanning session awake rats were given one of three doses of PEA (3, 10, or 30 mg/kg) or vehicle and imaged for changes in BOLD signal and functional connectivity.

Quantitative DCE Dynamics on Transformed MR Imaging Discriminates Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer.

Dynamic contrast enhancement (DCE) imaging is a valuable sequence of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI). A DCE sequence enhances the vasculature and complements T2-weighted (T2W) and Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), allowing early detection of prostate cancer. However, DCE assessment has remained primarily qualitative.

Protein kinase D1 mitigation against etoposide induced DNA damage in prostate cancer is associated with increased α-Catenin.

Background: The E-cadherin, α- and β-Catenin interaction at the cell adherens junction plays a key role in cell adhesion; alteration in the expression and function of these genes are associated with disease progression in several solid tumors including prostate cancer. The membranous β-Catenin is dynamically linked to the cellular cytoskeleton through interaction with α-Catenin at amino acid positions threonine 120 (T120) to 151 of β-Catenin. Nuclear presence of α-Catenin modulates the sensitivity of cells to DNA damage.

Asymptomatic Extrahepatic Portal Venous Obstruction: A Case Report.

This report describes a case of extrahepatic portal venous obstruction (EHPVO) with esophageal varices that would have led to significant bleeding if left untreated or inadequately managed. A 56-year-old diabetic and hypothyroid female visited our medical outpatient clinic to be assessed for pancytopenia and easy fatiguability. She experienced acute calculus cholecystitis 24 years ago, which was treated with a partial cholecystectomy.

A single incidental dark pulse during daytime attenuated food anticipatory behavior.

Using an open-source operant feeding device (FED3), we measured food-seeking nose poking behavior in mice. When the mice were exposed to 4 h restricted feeding at night, all mice exhibited robust food anticipatory nose poking starting ~4 h before scheduled mealtime. When the light-dark cycle was advanced by 6 h, mice exhibited two distinct bouts of anticipatory poking, one corresponding to actual mealtime which continued at the same time of day, and one corresponding to predicted mealtime which shifted parallel with the light-dark cycle.

Inhibition of leukotriene-B4 signalling-mediated host response to tuberculosis is a potential mode of adjunctive host-directed therapy.

Treatment of tuberculosis (TB) is faced with several challenges including the long treatment duration, drug toxicity and tissue pathology. Host-directed therapy provides promising avenues to find compounds for adjunctively assisting antimycobacterials in the TB treatment regimen, by promoting pathogen eradication or limiting tissue destruction. Eicosanoids are a class of lipid molecules that are potent mediators of inflammation and have been implicated in aspects of the host response against TB.

Protocol to study circadian food-anticipatory poking in mice using the feeding experimentation device version 3.

Food-anticipatory nose poking is a unique food-seeking behavior driven by the food-entrainable oscillator. Here, we present a protocol to record a novel food-seeking nose poking behavior in mice under temporally restricted feeding followed by food deprivation using the open-source feeding experimentation device version 3 (FED3). We describe steps for setting up the FED3 and cage, training, and habituation.

MRI-based radiomic features for identifying recurrent prostate cancer after proton radiation therapy.

Purpose: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) evaluation of recurrent prostate cancer (PCa) following proton beam therapy is challenging due to radiation-induced tissue changes. This study aimed to evaluate MRI-based radiomic features so as to identify the recurrent PCa after proton therapy.

Methods: We retrospectively studied 12 patients with biochemical recurrence (BCR) following proton therapy.

Cytohistological findings and diagnostic challenges in rare pediatric pulmonary mesenchymal malignancies: A report of two cases.

Pulmonary mesenchymal tumors are uncommon neoplasms and the data available on their clinical, cytohistomorphological, immunohistochemical, and molecular findings are limited, leading to difficulty in timely diagnosis and management. Case 1: A 12-year-old boy presented with a right endobronchial mass. Imprint smears from endobronchial biopsy revealed moderately pleomorphic spindle cell tumor arranged in fascicles and perivascular pattern with attached myxoid material showing occasional mitotic activity suggesting a cytological diagnosis of sarcoma.

Correction: Serodiagnosis of Tuberculosis in Asian Elephants (Elephas maximus) in Southern India: A Latent Class Analysis.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

G9a and Sirtuin6 epigenetically modulate host cholesterol accumulation to facilitate mycobacterial survival.

Cholesterol derived from the host milieu forms a critical factor for mycobacterial pathogenesis. However, the molecular circuitry co-opted by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) to accumulate cholesterol in host cells remains obscure. Here, we report that the coordinated action of WNT-responsive histone modifiers G9a (H3K9 methyltransferase) and SIRT6 (H3K9 deacetylase) orchestrate cholesterol build-up in in vitro and in vivo mouse models of Mtb infection.

Metastatic prostate cancer is associated with distinct higher frequency of genetic mutations at diagnosis.

Introduction And Objectives: We explored characteristic genetic mutations associated with metastatic prostate cancer (PCa) by comparing next generation sequencing (NGS) data between men with or without metastatic disease at diagnosis.

Methods: We queried the American Association for Cancer Research Project Genomics Evidence Neoplasia Information Exchange (GENIE) registry for men diagnosed with PCa. Patients were categorized into with (M1) or without metastatic disease (M0) groups.

Fingerprint patterns in neuropsychological disorder depression among south Indian population.

Depression is a pervasive mental health disorder characterized by persistent sadness and an inability to enjoy activities that were once enjoyable. This study compares the dermatoglyphic patterns of depressed patients with those of healthy, normal individuals in order to determine if dermatoglyphic patterns can be used as biomarkers for early diagnosis and prompt intervention of depression. A total of 100 depressive disorder patients of both sexes between the ages of 18 and 60 were selected for the study.

The Bivalent Bromodomain Inhibitor MT-1 Inhibits Prostate Cancer Growth.

Bromodomains (BD) are epigenetic readers of histone acetylation involved in chromatin remodeling and transcriptional regulation of several genes including protooncogene cellular myelocytomatosis (c-Myc). c-Myc is difficult to target directly by agents due to its disordered alpha helical protein structure and predominant nuclear localization. The epigenetic targeting of c-Myc by BD inhibitors is an attractive therapeutic strategy for prostate cancer (PC) associated with increased c-Myc upregulation with advancing disease.

Novel Synthetic Indazoles Abrogate Angiogenesis in Erlich Ascites Tumor Bearing Mice.

Background: Indazoles are known for their anti-cancer properties.

Objective: The current investigation was on the synthesis and evaluation of novel indazole derivatives for their anticancer properties.

Methods: A series of novel indazoles were synthesized and characterized by IR, NMR and LCMS.

Genetic mutations in smoking-associated prostate cancer.

Objectives: Tobacco smoking is known to cause cancers potentially predisposed by genetic risks. We compared the frequency of gene mutations using a next generation sequencing database of smokers and nonsmokers with prostate cancer (PCa) to identify subsets of patients with potential genetic risks.

Materials And Methods: Data from the American Association for Cancer Research Project Genomics Evidence Neoplasia Information Exchange (GENIE) registry was analyzed.

Urinary stone disease burden is increased in patients with cognitive impairment.

Mental illness and brain disorders such as dementia are commonly encountered in patients with cognitive impairment in urology. In this cohort study, we assessed the prevalence and outcomes of inpatient admissions for stone disease in patients with cognitive impairment. Using the National Inpatient Sample database, we identified adults (>18 years) with stone disease between 2015 and 2019.

Systems-level profiling of early peripheral host-response landscape variations across COVID-19 severity states in an Indian cohort.

Host immune response to COVID-19 plays a significant role in regulating disease severity. Although big data analysis has provided significant insights into the host biology of COVID-19 across the world, very few such studies have been performed in the Indian population. This study utilizes a transcriptome-integrated network analysis approach to compare the immune responses between asymptomatic or mild and moderate-severe COVID-19 patients in an Indian cohort.

Linking body mass index and intelligence among Indian medical students.

The intelligence quotient (IQ) is a dependable measurement for intellectual functioning that reflects computable cognitive abilities. According to earlier cross-sectional studies designs, developing higher BMI related to decreased IQ in adolescents population. Therefore, it is of interest to determine the correlation between IQ and BMI.

Extramural venous invasion: a novel magnetic resonance imaging biomarker for adverse pathology in bladder cancer.

Extramural venous invasion (EMVI) recognized on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an unequivocal biomarker for detecting adverse outcomes in rectal cancer: however it has not yet been explored in the area of bladder cancer. In this study, we assessed the feasibility of identifying EMVI findings on MRI in patients with bladder cancer and its avail in identifying adverse pathology. In this single-institution retrospective study, the MRI findings inclusive of EMVI was described in patients with bladder cancer that had available imaging between January 2018 and June 2020.

The impact of socioeconomic status on the survival of men with early-onset prostate cancer.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is generally considered a disease of older men; however, about 10% of new diagnoses in the US occur in men ≤ 55 years old. Socioeconomic status (SES) has been shown to influence survival in patients with PCa; however, the impact of SES on men with early-onset PCa remains undescribed. Using the National Cancer Database, we identified adult men ≤ 55 years of age with a diagnosis of prostatic adenocarcinoma between 2004-2018.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis elevates SLIT2 expression within the host and contributes to oxidative stress responses during infection.

During infection, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) rewires distinct host signaling pathways that results in pathogen-favorable outcomes. Oxidative stress build-up is a key cellular manifestation that occurs due to the cumulative effect of elevated reactive oxygen species generation (ROS) and the inept ability of the cell to mitigate ROS levels. Here, we report the Mtb-induced expression of the neuronal ligand, SLIT2, to be instrumental in ROS accumulation during infection.