Reprogramming of flagellin receptor responses with surrogate ligands.

Receptor kinase (RK) families process information from small molecules, short peptides, or glycan ligands to regulate core cellular pathways in plants. To date, whether individual plant RKs are capable of processing signals from distinct types of ligands remains largely unexplored. Addressing this requires the discovery of structurally unrelated ligands that engage the same receptor.

Twin Embryos in Mutants.

Regulation of microtubule dynamics is crucial during key developmental transitions such as gametogenesis, fertilization, embryogenesis, and seed formation, where cells undergo rapid changes in shape and function. In plants, katanin plays an essential role in microtubule dynamics. This study investigates two seed developmental mutants in , named (, ) and (), which are characterized by round seeds, dwarfism, and fertility defects.

Antidiabetic and Antihyperlipidemic Effects of Methanolic Extract of Leaves of in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats.

is a plant that reported to have anticonvulsant, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiulcer, antiasthmatic, and wound healing activities. Diabetes dyslipidemic effect of leaves is not clear. Hence, current study planned to evaluate the antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic effects of methanolic extract of leaves of (MESM) in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats.

The YTHDF proteins ECT2 and ECT3 bind largely overlapping target sets and influence target mRNA abundance, not alternative polyadenylation.

Gene regulation via -methyladenosine (mA) in mRNA involves RNA-binding proteins that recognize mA via a YT521-B homology (YTH) domain. The plant YTH domain proteins ECT2 and ECT3 act genetically redundantly in stimulating cell proliferation during organogenesis, but several fundamental questions regarding their mode of action remain unclear. Here, we use HyperTRIBE (targets of RNA-binding proteins identified by editing) to show that most ECT2 and ECT3 targets overlap, with only a few examples of preferential targeting by either of the two proteins.

Gene expression variation in Arabidopsis embryos at single-nucleus resolution.

Soon after fertilization of egg and sperm, plant genomes become transcriptionally activated and drive a series of coordinated cell divisions to form the basic body plan during embryogenesis. Early embryonic cells rapidly diversify from each other, and investigation of the corresponding gene expression dynamics can help elucidate underlying cellular differentiation programs. However, current plant embryonic transcriptome datasets either lack cell-specific information or have RNA contamination from surrounding non-embryonic tissues.

Green Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles Using Extract and Their Antimicrobial Activity against Biofilm-Producing Bacteria.

Multidrug resistant bacteria create a challenging situation for society to treat infections. Multidrug resistance (MDR) is the reason for biofilm bacteria to cause chronic infection. Plant-based nanoparticles could be an alternative solution as potential drug candidates against these MDR bacteria, as many plants are well known for their antimicrobial activity against pathogenic microorganisms.

Antagonistic activities of cotranscriptional regulators within an early developmental window set expression level.

Quantitative variation in expression of the floral repressor influences whether plants overwinter before flowering, or have a rapid cycling habit enabling multiple generations a year. Genetic analysis has identified activators and repressors of expression but how they interact to set expression level is poorly understood. Here, we show that antagonistic functions of the activator FRIGIDA (FRI) and the repressor FCA, at a specific stage of embryo development, determine expression and flowering.

Correction: The AGC protein kinase UNICORN controls planar growth by attenuating PDK1 in Arabidopsis thaliana.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.

The AGC protein kinase UNICORN controls planar growth by attenuating PDK1 in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Tissue morphogenesis critically depends on the coordination of cellular growth patterns. In plants, many organs consist of clonally distinct cell layers, such as the epidermis, whose cells undergo divisions that are oriented along the plane of the layer. The developmental control of such planar growth is poorly understood.

Novel small RNA spike-in oligonucleotides enable absolute normalization of small RNA-Seq data.

Normalization of high-throughput small RNA sequencing (sRNA-Seq) data is required to compare sRNA levels across different samples. Commonly used relative normalization approaches can cause erroneous conclusions due to fluctuating small RNA populations between tissues. We developed a set of sRNA spike-in oligonucleotides (sRNA spike-ins) that enable absolute normalization of sRNA-Seq data across independent experiments, as well as the genome-wide estimation of sRNA:mRNA stoichiometries when used together with mRNA spike-in oligonucleotides.

Microscopic analysis of Arabidopsis ovules.

Ovules are the major female reproductive organs in higher plants. Furthermore, ovules of Arabidopsis thaliana are successfully used as model system to study plant organogenesis. Here we describe two microscopic techniques to analyze ovule development in Arabidopsis.

Microscopic analysis of ovule development in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Ovules are the major female reproductive organs in higher plants. In addition, ovules of Arabidopsis thaliana are successfully used as model system to study plant organogenesis. Here we describe two microscopic techniques to analyze Arabidopsis ovule development from the organ to the cellular level in a rapid and reproducible fashion.

Genetic analysis of ectopic growth suppression during planar growth of integuments mediated by the Arabidopsis AGC protein kinase UNICORN.

Background: The coordination of growth within a tissue layer is of critical importance for tissue morphogenesis. For example, cells within the epidermis undergo stereotypic cell divisions that are oriented along the plane of the layer (planar growth), thereby propagating the layered epidermal structure. Little is known about the developmental control that regulates such planar growth in plants.

On the genetic control of planar growth during tissue morphogenesis in plants.

Tissue morphogenesis requires extensive intercellular communication. Plant organs are composites of distinct radial cell layers. A typical layer, such as the epidermis, is propagated by stereotypic anticlinal cell divisions.

Regulation of planar growth by the Arabidopsis AGC protein kinase UNICORN.

The spatial coordination of growth is of central importance for the regulation of plant tissue architecture. Individual layers, such as the epidermis, are clonally propagated and structurally maintained by symmetric cell divisions that are oriented along the plane of the layer. The developmental control of this process is poorly understood.

Cytosolic triacylglycerol biosynthetic pathway in oilseeds. Molecular cloning and expression of peanut cytosolic diacylglycerol acyltransferase.

Triacylglycerols (TAGs) are the most important storage form of energy for eukaryotic cells. TAG biosynthetic activity was identified in the cytosolic fraction of developing peanut (Arachis hypogaea) cotyledons. This activity was NaF insensitive and acyl-coenzyme A (CoA) dependent.