Blue-Light-Activated Water-Soluble Sn(IV)-Porphyrins for Antibacterial Photodynamic Therapy (aPDT) against Drug-Resistant Bacterial Pathogens.

Antimicrobial resistance has emerged as a global threat to the treatment of infectious diseases. Antibacterial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is a promising alternative approach and is highly suitable for the treatment of cutaneous bacterial infections through topical applications. aPDT relies on light-responsive compounds called photosensitizer (PS) dyes, which generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) when induced by light, thereby killing bacterial cells.

The photodynamic activity properties of a series of structurally analogous tetraarylporphyrin, chlorin and N-confused porphyrin dyes and their Sn(IV) complexes.

A series of tetraarylporphyrin, -chlorin and N-confused porphyrin dyes with 4‑methoxy‑meso-aryl rings (1-Por, 1-Chl and 1-NCP) and their Sn(IV) complexes (1-SnPor, 1-SnChl and 1-SnNCP) have been synthesized and characterized. The heavy atom effect of the Sn(IV) ion results in relatively high singlet oxygen quantum yield values of 0.67, 0.

The Photodynamic Anticancer and Antibacterial Activity Properties of a Series of -Tetraarylchlorin Dyes and Their Sn(IV) Complexes.

A series of tetraarylchlorins with 3-methoxy-, 4-hydroxy- and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl -aryl rings (--Chl) and their Sn(IV) complexes (--SnChl) were synthesized and characterized so that their potential utility as photosensitizer dyes for use in photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) can be assessed. The photophysicochemical properties of the dyes were assessed prior to in vitro PDT activity studies against MCF-7 breast cancer cells through irradiation with Thorlabs 625 or 660 nm LED for 20 min (240 or 280 mW·cm). PACT activity studies were performed against both planktonic bacteria and biofilms of Gram-(+) and Gram-(-) upon irradiation with Thorlabs 625 and 660 nm LEDs for 75 min.

Sn(IV)-porphyrinoids for photodynamic anticancer and antimicrobial chemotherapy.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a mode of treatment for different types of cancers, which involves a nontoxic photosensitizer (PS), a light source to activate the PS, and ground-state molecular oxygen (O). Light activation of the PS leads to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which initiates a toxic effect on the surrounding cellular substrates, thereby destroying the cancerous cells. The commercially used PDT drug Photofrin which is a tetrapyrrolic porphyrin-based photosensitizer has drawbacks such as aggregation in water, prolonged skin photosensitivity, variability in chemical compositions, and minimal absorbance in the red-light region.

Gatriarylcorroles with push-pull substitutions: synthesis, electronic structure and biomedical applications.

Two AB type Hcorroles and two Gatriarylcorroles with carbazole substitutions at 10-positions were synthesized and characterized. An analysis of structure-property relationships of the corroles has been carried out by investigating the optical spectroscopy of the dyes to trends predicted in DFT and TD-DFT calculations. Interestingly, the photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) activity properties of the Gatriarylcorroles were determined against the MCF-7 breast cancer line, and () and (), respectively.

Photodynamic Antitumor and Antimicrobial Activities of Free-Base Tetra(4-methylthiolphenyl)chlorin and Its Tin(IV) Complex.

Meso-tetra(4-methylthiolphenyl)chlorin (3) and its Sn(IV) complex (3-Sn) have been synthesized and characterized. The heavy atom effects of the Sn(IV) ion and sulfur atoms result in relatively high singlet oxygen quantum yield values of 0.40 and 0.

Novel cationic-chalcone phthalocyanines for photodynamic therapy eradication of S. aureus and E. coli bacterial biofilms and MCF-7 breast cancer.

New tetrasubstituted zinc (II) and indium (III) phthalocyanines bearing dimethylamino chalcone group (complexes 3 and 4) as well as their quaternized analogs (3a and 4a) have been assessed for their photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancer as well as photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy activities against biofilms and planktonic cultures of pathogenic bacteria of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Compared to the non-quaternized phthalocyanines 3 and 4, the cationic phthalocyanines 3a and 4a exhibit a higher photodynamic inactivation against the planktonic cells with log reduction values above 9 at a concentration of 1.25 µM.

Positively charged styryl pyridine substituted Zn(II) phthalocyanines for photodynamic therapy and photoantimicrobial chemotherapy: effect of the number of charges.

Cationic Zn phthalocyanine complexes were synthesized using Knoevenagel reaction starting from a Zn(ii) tetrakis(2-formylphenoxy)phthalocyanine (1) to form Zn(ii) tetrakis(1-butyl-4-(4-(tetraphenoxy)styryl)pyridin-1-ium) phthalocyanine (2) and Zn(ii) tetrakis(4-(4-(tetraphenoxy)styryl)-1-(4-(triphenylphosphonio)butyl)pyridin-1-ium)phthalocyanine (3). The photophysicochemical behaviours of the Pc complexes were assessed. The cationic complexes display high water-solubility and gave moderate singlet oxygen quantum yield in water.

Photodynamic activity and photoantimicrobial chemotherapy studies of ferrocene-substituted 2-thiobarbituric acid.

A ferrocene-substituted thiobarbituric acid (FT) has been synthesized to explore its photophysical properties and photodynamic and photoantimicrobial chemotherapy activities. FT has an intense metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) band at ca. 575 nm.

Photodynamic activity of Sn(IV) tetrathien-2-ylchlorin against MCF-7 breast cancer cells.

A new readily-synthesized Sn(iv) tetraarylchlorin with thien-2-yl substituents (SnC) has been prepared and fully characterized by various spectroscopic techniques and its photophysical and photochemical properties, such as the singlet oxygen quantum yield (ΦΔ), fluorescence quantum yield (ΦF), triplet lifetime (τT) and photostability, have been evaluated. SnC has an unusually high ΦΔ value of 0.89 in DMF.

Photocytotoxicity of heavy-atom-free thiobarbituric acid functionalized pyrene derivatives against MCF-7 cancer cells.

Two thiobarbituric acid-functionalized pyrene derivatives (P1, P2) have been synthesized to explore the photophysical properties and photodynamic activity of dyes of this type. Both compounds exhibit an intense intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) band at ca. 470 nm, which is absent in the spectra of the precursor.

Sn(IV) -confused porphyrins as photosensitizer dyes for photodynamic therapy in the near IR region.

The utility of Sn(iv) N-confused porphyrin (SnNCP) for use as photosensitizer dyes in photodynamic therapy is investigated. SnNCP has an unusually high singlet oxygen quantum yield of 0.72 in DMSO.

An octabrominated Sn(iv) tetraisopropylporphyrin as a photosensitizer dye for singlet oxygen biomedical applications.

Two novel Sn(iv) tetraisopropylphenylporphyrins have been synthesized to explore the effect of octabromination at the β-pyrrole positions on their photophysical properties and photodynamic activity. The lower energy Q band of an octabrominated complex lies at 675 nm well within the therapeutic window. The octabrominated dye has a relatively high singlet oxygen quantum yield of 0.

Preparation of NIR absorbing axial substituted tin(iv) porphyrins and their photocytotoxic properties.

Sn(iv) porphyrins ([Sn(iv)TTP(3PyO)] () and [Sn(iv)TPP(3PyO)] () [tetrathienylporphyrin (TTP), tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP), and pyridyloxy (PyO)]) were prepared and characterized and their photocytotoxicity upon irradiation with 625 nm light has been studied. The presence of the 3PyO axial ligands was found to limit the aggregation and enhance the solubility of and in DMF/HO (1 : 1). The photophysical properties and photodynamic therapy (PDT) activity of the -2-thienyl and -phenyl-substituted Sn(iv) porphyrins are compared.

Efficacy of bilateral pectoralis nerve block for ultrafast tracking and postoperative pain management in cardiac surgery.

Background: Good postoperative analgesia in cardiac surgical patients helps in early recovery and ambulation. An alternative to parenteral, paravertebral, and thoracic epidural analgesia can be pectoralis nerve (Pecs) block, which is novel, less invasive regional analgesic technique.

Aims: We hypothesized that Pecs block would provide superior postoperative analgesia for patients undergoing cardiac surgery through midline sternotomy compared to parenteral analgesia.

Eosinophilic Granuloma Presenting as Palatal Swelling.

Swellings involving palate can be challenging to diagnose for the clinician as they have wide range of origin which can result from developmental, inflammatory, reactive or a neoplastic process. The clinical presentation of these swellings is similar and difficult to differentiate from each other. So it is important to take proper history from the patient and subject the patient to appropriate laboratory and radiographic investigations and finally biopsy is mandatory for accurate diagnosis.

A Case of Dentinogenesis Imperfecta Treated with Submerged Root Technique.

Dentinogenesis imperfecta (DGI), an autosomal dominant trait, is one of the most common hereditary disorders affecting both the formation and mineralization of dentin. Either or both primary and permanent dentition is affected by it. Here, we present a case report of a 13-year-old female patient affected with DGI who had undergone prosthetic rehabilitation with submerged root technique.

Primary intraosseous carcinoma of the mandible: A clinicoradiographic view.

Primary intraosseous carcinoma (PIOC) or Primary intraosseous squamous cell carcinoma (PIOSCC) is a rare carcinoma, which arises within the jaws without connection to the oral mucosa and presumably develops from a remnant of odontogenic epithelium. It is a rare case which arises by direct transformation of odontogenic epithelial rests in the jawbone, including the epithelial rests found within the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone, remnants of the dental lamina, and the reduced enamel epithelium surrounding an unerupted/impacted tooth. Herein, we report a case of a 76-year-old male patient who came with a complaint of deviation of his jaws to one side which revealed resorption of total part of the condyle along with the condylar head and coronoid process on radiographic evaluation, which was histopathologically diagnosed as primary intraosseous carcinoma which is a very rare clinical entity.

AzaHx, a novel fluorescent, DNA minor groove and G·C recognition element: Synthesis and DNA binding properties of a p-anisyl-4-aza-benzimidazole-pyrrole-imidazole (azaHx-PI) polyamide.

The design, synthesis, and DNA binding properties of azaHx-PI or p-anisyl-4-aza-benzimidazole-pyrrole-imidazole (5) are described. AzaHx, 2-(p-anisyl)-4-aza-benzimidazole-5-carboxamide, is a novel, fluorescent DNA recognition element, derived from Hoechst 33258 to recognize G·C base pairs. Supported by theoretical data, the results from DNase I footprinting, CD, ΔT(M), and SPR studies provided evidence that an azaHx/IP pairing, formed from antiparallel stacking of two azaHx-PI molecules in a side-by-side manner in the minor groove, selectively recognized a C-G doublet.

A comparative study of pharmacological myocardial protection between sevoflurane and desflurane at anaesthestic doses in patients undergoing off pump coronary artery bypass grafting surgery.

Background And Aims: Perioperative myocardial ischaemia (PMI) is one of the known complications during off pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) surgeries. The length of hospital stay is considerably prolonged in patients with PMI. Myocardial protection is an area which is being widely researched currently to prevent or reduce the incidence of PMI.

Photocytotoxic oxovanadium(IV) complexes of ferrocenyl-terpyridine and acetylacetonate derivatives.

Oxovanadium(IV) complexes [VO(Fc-tpy)(acac)](ClO4) (1), [VO(Fc-tpy)(nap-acac)](ClO4) (2), [VO(Fc-tpy)(py-acac)](ClO4) (3) and [VO(Ph-tpy)(py-acac)](ClO4) (4) of 4'-ferrocenyl-2,2':6',2"-terpyridine (Fc-tpy) and 4'-phenyl-2,2':6',2"-terpyridine (Ph-tpy) having monoanionic acetylacetonate (acac), naphthylacetylacetonate (nap-acac) or pyrenylacetylacetonate (py-acac) ligand were prepared, characterized and their photocytotoxicity in visible light studied. The ferrocenyl complexes 1-3 showed an intense charge transfer band near 585 nm in DMF and displayed Fc(+)/Fc and V(IV)/V(III) redox couples near 0.66 V and -0.

Photoactivated cytotoxicity of ferrocenyl-terpyridine oxovanadium(IV) complexes of curcuminoids.

Oxovanadium(IV) complexes, viz. [VO(Fc-tpy)(Curc)](ClO4) (1), [VO(Fc-tpy)(bDHC)](ClO4) (2), [VO(Fc-tpy)(bDMC)](ClO4) (3) and [VO(Ph-tpy)(Curc)](ClO4) (4), of 4'-ferrocenyl-2,2':6',2″-terpyridine (Fc-tpy) and 4'-phenyl-2,2':6',2″-terpyridine (Ph-tpy) and monoanionic curcumin (Curc), bis-dehydroxycurcmin (bDHC) and bis-demethoxycurcumin (bDMC) were prepared, characterized and their photo-induced DNA cleavage activity and photocytotoxicity in visible light studied. The ferrocenyl complexes 1-3 showed an intense metal-to-ligand charge transfer band near 585 nm in DMF and displayed Fc(+)/Fc and V(IV)/V(III) redox couples near 0.

Ferrocenyl-L-amino acid copper(II) complexes showing remarkable photo-induced anticancer activity in visible light.

Ferrocene-conjugated copper(ii) complexes [Cu(Fc-aa)(aip)](ClO4) () and [Cu(Fc-aa)(pyip)](ClO4) () of l-amino acid reduced Schiff bases (Fc-aa), 2-(9-anthryl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline (aip) and 2-(1-pyrenyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline (pyip), where Fc-aa is ferrocenylmethyl-l-tyrosine (Fc-Tyr in , ), ferrocenylmethyl-l-tryptophan (Fc-Trp in , ) and ferrocenylmethyl-l-methionine (Fc-Met in , ), were prepared and characterized, and their photocytotoxicity was studied (Fc = ferrocenyl moiety). Phenyl analogues, viz. [Cu(Ph-Met)(aip)](ClO4) () and [Cu(Ph-Met)(pyip)](ClO4) (), were prepared and used as control compounds.